scholarly journals Isolation and efficacy of two bacterial strains antagonists of Erwinia amylovora and Pectobacterium carotovorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M’hamed BENADA ◽  
Boualem BOUMAAZA ◽  
Sofiane BOUDALIA ◽  
Omar KHALADI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract Background The development of ecofriendly tools against plant diseases is an important issue in crop protection. Screening and selection process of bacterial strains antagonists of 2 pathogenic bacterial species that limit very important crops, Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the fire blight disease, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, the causal agent of bacterial potato soft rot, were reported. Bacterial colonies were isolated from different ecological niches, where both pathogens were found: rhizosphere of potato tubers and fruits and leaves of pear trees from the northwest region of Algeria. Direct and indirect confrontation tests against strains of E. amylovora and P. carotovorum were performed. Results Results showed a significant antagonistic activity against both phytopathogenic species, using direct confrontation method and supernatants of cultures (p<0.005). In vitro assays showed growth inhibitions of both phytopathogenic species. Furthermore, results revealed that the strains of S. plymuthica had a better inhibitory effect than the strains of P. fluorescens against both pathogens. In vivo results on immature pear fruits showed a significant decrease in the progression of the fire blight symptoms, with a variation in the infection index from one antagonistic strain to another between 31.3 and 50%, and slice of potato showed total inhibition of the pathogen (P. carotovorum) by the antagonistic strains of Serratia plymuthica (p<0.005). Conclusion This study highlighted that the effective bacteria did not show any infection signs towards plant tissue, and considered as a potential strategy to limit the fire blight and soft rot diseases.

scholarly journals Fire Blight Symptomatic Shoots and the Presence of Erwinia amylovora in Asymptomatic Apple Budwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Tancos ◽  
E. Borejsza-Wysocka ◽  
S. Kuehne ◽  
D. Breth ◽  
Kerik D. Cox
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collection Practices ◽  
Time Of Collection ◽  
Young Apple

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, causes considerable economic losses in young apple plantings in New York on a yearly basis. Nurseries make efforts to only use clean budwood for propagation, which is essential, but E. amylovora may be present in trees that appear to have no apparent fire blight symptoms at the time of collection. We hypothesized that the use of infected budwood, especially by commercial nursery operations, could be the cause, in part, of fire blight outbreaks that often occur in young apple plantings in New York. Our goal was to investigate the presence of E. amylovora in asymptomatic budwood from nursery source plantings as it relates to trees with fire blight symptoms. From 2012 to 2015, apple budwood was collected from two commercial budwood source plantings of ‘Gala’ and ‘Topaz’ at increasing distances from visually symptomatic trees. From these collections, internal contents of apple buds were analyzed for the presence of E. amylovora. E. amylovora was detected in asymptomatic budwood in trees more than 20 m from trees with fire blight symptoms. In some seasons, there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the incidence of E. amylovora in asymptomatic budwood collected from symptomatic trees and those up to 20 m from them. In 2014 and 2015, the mean E. amylovora CFU per gram recovered from budwood in both the Gala and Topaz plantings were significantly lower in budwood collected 20 m from symptomatic trees. Further investigation of individual bud dissections revealed that E. amylovora was within the tissue beneath the bud scales containing the meristem. Results from the study highlight the shortcomings of current budwood collection practices and the need to better understand the factors that lead to the presence of E. amylovora in bud tissues to ensure the production of pathogen-free apple trees.

scholarly journals Emergence of Bacterial Soft Rot in Cucumber Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglong Meng ◽  
Ali Chai ◽  
Yanxia Shi ◽  
Xuewen Xie ◽  
Zhanhong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Bacterial Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carotovorum Subsp

During 2014 to 2015, a devastating bacterial soft rot on cucumber stems and leaves occurred in Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, and Liaoning provinces of China, resulting in serious economic losses for cucumber production. The gummosis emerged on the surface of leaves, stems, petioles, and fruit of cucumber. The basal stem color was dark brown and the stem base turned to wet rot. Yellow spots and wet rot emerged at the edge of the infected cucumber leaves and gradually infected the leaf centers. In total, 45 bacterial strains were isolated from the infected tissues. On the basis of phenotypic properties of morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum. Multilocus sequence analysis confirmed that the isolates were P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, and the pathogens fell in clade II. The pathogenicity of isolated bacteria strains was confirmed. The strains reisolated were the same as the original. The host range test confirmed that strains had a wide range of hosts. As far as we know, this is the first report of cucumber stem soft rot caused by P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense in China as well as in the world, which has a significant economic impact on cucumber production.

scholarly journals First Report of Fire Blight Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Meadowsweet (Spirea prunifolia) in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Bastas ◽  
F. Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al., affects plants in the Rosaceae family, which includes trees and shrubs in orchards, nurseries, and landscape plantations. During the springs and summers of 2008 and 2010, dying branches, necrotic leaves attached to shoots, and blighted twigs of meadowsweet (Spirea prunifolia) were observed at three different locations of landscape areas in Konya Province, Turkey. Disease incidence was approximately 1% on the plants during the surveys. Initial symptoms of reddish to brownish streaks on the shoots of infected plants were observed in spring. Nine representative bacterial strains were isolated from the lesions on shoots of seven meadowsweet plants on nutrient sucrose agar (NSA) medium and identified as E. amylovora on basis of biochemical, physiological (2,3) and molecular tests (1). Bacteria were gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, fermentative, yellow-orange on Miller and Scroth medium (2), positive for levan formation and acetoin production, did not grow at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrolysis, and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, acid production from lactose, and inositol. All strains were hypersensitive response-positive on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. White Burley) plants. All strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers set, A/B (1), by PCR assay, and by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles determined by Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (TSBA 6 v. 6.00; Microbial ID, Newark, DE) with similarity indices ranging from of 79 to 99%. Pathogenicity was tested by injecting of petioles and actively growing three shoot tips of 2-year-old S. prunifolia seedlings cv. number 29 using a 0.46 mm-diameter hypodermic needle with bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU mL–1 in sterile distilled water (SDW) Plants were inoculated with each of the nine bacterial strains and two references strains, Ea29 and NCPPB 2791 (Selcuk University, Department of Plant Protection, Konya, Turkey). Symptoms resembling those associated with natural infection appeared on the inoculated plants 7 days after inoculation. Plants inoculated with SDW served as a negative control treatment, and no symptoms were observed on these plants. All tests were repeated three times with the same results. Bacterial re-isolations were attempted from the control plants as well as shoots and leaves inoculated with the two reference strains and the nine bacteria identified as E. amylovora. Bacteria isolated from inoculated plants were identified as E. amylovora using the biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests described above, but this bacterium was not isolated from the control plants. Phytosanitary measures must be taken to avoid spread of the pathogen to ornamentals in new landscape areas in Turkey. This report is important because infected Spirea spp. can be a potential inoculum source for other rosaceous ornamentals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of fire blight on meadowsweet in Turkey. References: (1) S. Bereswill et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3522, 1992. (2) A. L. Jones and K. Geider. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, pp. 40-55. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (3) R. A. Lelliott and D. E. Stead. Methods for Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants (Methods in Plant Pathology). Oxford, UK, 1987.

DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF FIRE BLIGHT, IN THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

1999 ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rodoni ◽  
M. Kinsella ◽  
R. Gardner ◽  
P. Merriman ◽  
M. Gillings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens

Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Nagy ◽  
Lóránt Király ◽  
Ildikó Schwarczinger
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
American Authors

AbstractThe concept of using bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) as biocontrol agents in pest management emerged shortly after their discovery. Although research on phage-based biopesticides temporarily stopped with the advent of antibiotics, the appearance of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains led to a renewed interest in phage therapy for control of plant diseases. In the past twenty years numerous successful experiments have been reported on bacteriophage-based biocontrol measures, and several comprehensive studies have recently been published discussing detailed results of phage application practices in pest management, mainly from North American authors. The present review focuses on bacteriophage-mediated control of fire blight (caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burill) Winslow et al.), the most devastating bacterial disease of pome fruits. Research results from North America are discussed along with recent data from European laboratories.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Coptis chinensis Extract Against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Stephen Kironji Githeng'u ◽  
Samuel Nyalala ◽  
Liu Gaoqiong
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Coptis Chinensis ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Carotovorum Subsp

Soft rot of Zantedeschia, caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), has caused a significant worldwide threat to calla lily production. Hence, in order to effectively manage the disease, an intensive management programme aimed at adequte suppression of the pathogen is paramount. In order to investigate the antibacterial effect of a Coptis chinensis extract product against the soft rot- causing bacterium, an in vitro study was set up. Bacterial isolate were obtained from rotting calla lily tubers and maintained in Nutrient Broth under refrigeration. Sterile petri plates containing 15 ml of Nutrient agar were prepared and aseptically inoculated with 0.1 ml an overnight grown culture of a standardized Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum inoculum containing about 1x 108 cfu/ml. The inoculum was spread evenly over the whole surface of the plates. After solidification, 1 ml of the different concentrations of C. chinensis (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100%) were placed individually at the centre of the inoculated petri plates. Positive check was maintained using Streptomycin sulphate (100ppm) and a negative check using sterile distilled water. Eight replicates were maintained for each treatment and the experiment was repeated twice. Results indicated that the lower concentrations of C. chinensis did not cause any inhibition against Pcc. On the other hand, 100% C. chinensis made an inhibition zone comparable to that streptomycin sulphate. Our results demonstrated that C. chinensis has antibacterial activity and therefore feasible for use in crop protection against soft rots caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

scholarly journals Effect of antimicrobial peptides and monoterpenes on control of fire blight

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e1002
Author(s):  
Mahdi Akhlaghi ◽  
Saeed Tarighi ◽  
Parissa Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defense Enzyme ◽  
Colony Number ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Central Composite

Aim of study: Antimicrobial peptides and monoterpenes are safe compounds that have been used for control of many plant diseases. Herein, the effects of two recombinant antibacterial peptides (AMPs) were compared with two monoterpenes for control of Erwinia amylovora directly or via induction of plant defense enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD).Area of study: The experiments were performed at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran).Material and methods: The central composite design (CCD) method was used to study the effect of mixing the compounds and copper compound (Nordox) in controlling the pathogen. The resistance level was studied on shoots of tolerant (‘Dargazi’) and semi-susceptible (‘Spadona’) pear cultivars treated with the antibacterial compounds.Main results: Thanatin and 1,8-cineole showed the highest and lowest antibacterial effects. All treatments reduced E. amylovora pathogenicity on blossom. The CCD analysis revealed that the best reduction in colony number obtained by mixing Lfc, thanatin, thymol, 1,8-cineole and Nordox at concentrations of 32, 16, 24, 250 and 250 μg/mL. Thymol and 1,8-cineole at 500 μg/mL decreased disease severity significantly compared to that of AMPs. The level of GPOD enzyme in ‘Dargazi’ was higher than in ‘Spadona’. All treatments increased the GPOD levels in both cultivars. Furthermore, resistance level and GPOD ratio were negatively correlated.Research highlights: Antimicrobial peptides showed better effect on growth inhibition of E. amylovora than monoterpenes. Mixing of these peptides and monoterpens at special dosage enhanced their antimicrobial efficacy against E. amylovora; that could represent a new method in control of fire blight disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document