scholarly journals Response of camels and cow calves to 100% and 50% roughage rations fed consequently

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. El-Badawi ◽  
A. Hassan ◽  
A. Abedo ◽  
M. Yacout ◽  
M. Khalel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Dromedary camels could be a successful and economic meat provider in poor greenery lands where feeds and water are scarcely available. Moreover, camels need lower amounts of protein in their rations than other ruminants, since they have an exceptional ability to recycle urea as a source of nitrogen when dietary protein is unavailable. The present preliminary study aimed to detect influence of feeding all roughage ration on growth performance of growing camels in comparison with cow calves and their response to the abrupt change into 50% roughage ration fed in the fed-lot condition. Results The results illustrated that with feeding 100% R ration camels could utilize available nutrients better than calves, and although the maintenance level of CP was not met for both species, camels exert higher resistance in losing weight than calves (− 93.7 vs. − 160.7 g/d). Shifting camels and calves on 50% R ration showed nearly similar nutritive values and comparable daily weight gain (942.75 g for camels and 968.50 g for calves). Feed conversion efficiency as Mcal ME and g DCP/kg gain was, respectively, 18.39 and 527 for camels and 18.42 and 555 for calves. Blood serum biochemical constituents were improved with 50% R than 100% R ration particularly for calves. Blood protein of camels was not influenced by changing ration. Urea concentration was higher in camel’s blood than calves with either 100% or 50% R rations. Camels clearly had lower contents of cholesterol and triglycerides than calves under the two feeding regimes. Conclusion The results revealed that growing camels could utilize the 100% R ration of very low protein content more efficiently than cow calves and had similar growth rate as that of calves with the 50% R ration.

scholarly journals Effects of glutamine and glutamate on nursery piglets fed diets with different digestible lysine content

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3919-3930
Author(s):  
Maykelly da Silva Gomes ◽  
◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Cunha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and glutamate (Gln/Glu) on the growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed different digestible lysine content. Two hundred and sixteen piglets, weaned at 21 days old, were assigned to a randomized block design according to their initial body weight (BW), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of lysine (control-lys and low-lys) and two levels of Gln/Glu (0 and 12 g kg-1), with nine replicates. At 26 d, piglets consuming the low-lys diet not supplemented with Gln/Glu presented a higher (P < 0.01) incidence of diarrhea than the other treatments. From 21 to 32 d of age, the piglets fed the control-lys diets performed better than those fed low-lys diets (P < 0.01). From 21 to 42 d of age, there was a correlation (P < 0.01) between lysine level and Gln/Glu supplementation for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion (FC). Gln/Glu supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI of pigs fed the low-lys diets, resulting in a higher (P < 0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and BW; however, worse (P < 0.05) FC. Piglets consuming control-lys diets had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) and IgG than low-lys piglets. In addition, Gln/Glu supplementation correlated with higher (P < 0.01) SUN. Dietary supplementation of glutamine and glutamate improved the growth performance of weaned piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, regardless of the diets’ lysine levels. In addition, reducing lysine levels 10% below the requirement negatively affects the growth performance and the immune response of nursery piglets.

scholarly journals The Effects of Decreasing Dietary Crude Protein on the Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Meat Quality of Finishing Charolais Bulls

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortese ◽  
Segato ◽  
Andrighetto ◽  
Ughelini ◽  
Chinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on the performance of finishing Charolais bulls in the Italian rearing system. Animals were fed two diets, differing only in the CP level (low protein (LP), 13.5% CP versus control (CON), 15.0% CP). Dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) and animals’ weights were recorded to obtain average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (FCR). Feed and fecal samples were collected to evaluate digestibility of diet components. Daily cost of the ration (DRC), feed cost per kg of daily weight gain (CDG) and daily gross margin (DGM) were calculated to analyze the possible benefits of decreasing the protein level. Meat quality analyses were also conducted. Higher DMI (10.6 versus 10 kg/d; p < 0.05) and ADG (1.47 versus 1.36 kg/d; p < 0.05) were observed for CON. No differences in FCR or digestibility were found. Even if the DRC was lower (p < 0.05) for the LP diet (2.26 versus 1.97 €; CON versus LP), no difference was reported for CDG and DGM. Meat lightness and redness were significantly lower and higher in the LP, respectively. To conclude, the CP requirement in these rearing conditions appeared to be higher than 13.5%.

scholarly journals Review on the consequences of using Improvac TM in modern pig production

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Boar Taint ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Better Than

In Europe growing concerns regarding animal welfare issues in pig production have forced the pig industry to introduce alternative methods to conventional castration procedures. Besides the raising of entire males and castration in combination with analgesia and anaesthesia the vaccination against GnRF (Gonadotropin-releasing factor) seems to be the most promising long-term solution. Immunised male pigs (IM) show higher average daily weight gain than surgically castrated males (CM). Additionally the feed intake in IM is lower than in CM and feed conversion ratio is consequently better. Carcass weight, back fat depth and dressing percentage of IM pigs are intermediate between CM and entire males while meat quality seems not to be influenced by castration technique since CM and IM show comparable results. Steroid hormone concentrations in IM decline to very low levels (below detection line) after the second administration of the anti-GnRF vaccine and boar taint compounds are reliably metabolized. Pigs which received two injections of the anti-GnRF vaccine reduce their sexual and aggressive behaviour to levels of CM pigs which results in low incidents of injury and carcass damages. Surveys analyzing the consumers’ attitude to vaccination against boar taint reveal that if profound information on the technique is provided, the acceptance of meat from vaccinated animals is even better than the acceptance of meat from pigs castrated under current farm conditions. Furthermore economic analyses reveal that immunisation against GnRF provides a potential for a return on investment since better feed efficiency compensates for the additional costs of drug and labour time.

scholarly journals Performance of Slow-Growing Male Muscovy Ducks Exposed to Different Dietary Levels of Quebracho Tannin

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Annelisse Castillo ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Maria Grazia Cappai ◽  
Joana Nery ◽  
Marta Gariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Slow Growing

The study of the nutritional effects of tannins is complex due to the large chemical diversity; consequently, in poultry nutrition the biological responses may vary greatly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary Quebracho tannins (QT) on growth and production performance in slow-growing type Muscovy ducks. For this purpose, a 42-d trial was carried out on 126 male ducks (42-d old at start), fed on three levels of dietary QT inclusion in the diet (0% as control diet, vs. 1.5% vs. 2.5% on an as fed basis). Birds were reared under free-range conditions. A linear increase in feed intake as a function of QT inclusion in the diet was observed (p < 0.05). No difference as to final body weight, overall average daily weight gain (ADG) and total feed conversion ratio (FCR) in relation to dietary treatments was observed. Carcass yields were positively improved in QT birds (p < 0.05). No adverse responses were recorded in total blood protein and liver weight. Dietary QT might be safely used up by to 2.5% in 42- to 84-d aged male Muscovy ducks.

scholarly journals Impact of caecotrophy on the performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
S. A. Salami ◽  
O. A. Isah ◽  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
L. O. Ajayi ◽  
S. Ashi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Group Serum

A 42-days trial was conducted to investigate the effect of caecotrophy on performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and blood parameters in growing rabbits. Thirty-six cross- bred rabbits with an average initial weight of 875±25 g were divided into 2 groups (collared and uncollared). The collared group was prevented access to their caecotropes (soft faeces) while the uncollared group were allowed access. Each group had 18 animals with 3 growing rabbits per group, replicated 6 times in a completely randomised design (CRD). The result of the study showed that the uncollared group had higher (P<0.05) final live weight, daily weight gain, feed intake which were, 1.76 kg, 17.00 g/day, 50.6 g/day, respectively when compared with the collared group which recorded 1.53 kg, 11.7 g/day and 41.7 g/day respectively. Also, lower (P<0.05) values were recorded for feed conversion ratio and mortality in uncollared rabbits in comparison to their collared counterparts. The ash and crude protein digestibility were higher (P<0.05) in the uncollared group. Serum total protein and albumin were higher in uncollared group while globulin was higher in collared group while Urea and AST was lower in uncollared group. Haematological parameters were not affected by caecotrophy. It can be concluded that prevention of caecotrophy has detrimental effect on the performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of growing rabbits     Un essai de 42 jours a été mené pour étudier l'effet de la caecotrophie sur la performance, la digestibilité apparente des nutriments et les paramètres sanguins chez les lapins en croissance. Trente-six lapins croisés d'un poids initial moyen de 875±25 g ont été divisés en 2 groupes (à collier et non-collier). Le groupe à collier a été empêché d'accéder à leurs caecotropes (excréments mous) tandis que le groupe non collier a été autorisé à y accéder. Chaque groupe avait 18 animaux avec 3 lapins en croissance par groupe, répliqués 6 fois dans un design complètement randomisé (CRD). Le résultat de l'étude a montré que le groupe non collier avait un poids réel final plus élevé (P<0.05), un gain de poids quotidien, une consommation d'aliments qui étaient de 1.76 kg, 17.00 g/jour, 50.6 g/jour, respectivement par rapport au groupe à collier qui enregistrait respectivement 1.53 kg, 11.7 g/jour et 41.7 g/jour. De plus, des valeurs inférieures (P<0.05) ont été enregistrées pour le ratio de conversion des aliments et la mortalité chez les lapins noncollier par rapport à leurs homologues à collier. La digestibilité des cendres et des protéines brutes était plus élevée (P<0.05) dans le groupe noncollared. La protéine totale de sérum et l'albumine étaient plus élevées dans le groupe noncollier tandis que la globulin était plus élevée dans le groupe collier tandis que l'urée et l'AST étaient plus bas dans le groupe noncollier. Les paramètres hématologiques n'ont pas été affectés par la caecotrophie. On peut conclure que la prévention de la caecotrophie a un effet néfaste sur la performance, la digestibilité des nutriments et les paramètres biochimiques sériques des lapins en croissance

scholarly journals Performance, blood profile and microbial characteristics of broiler chicken fed phytase supplemented diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
O. E. Fijabio ◽  
T. O. Fakayode ◽  
O. M. Eniola ◽  
A. B. Omojola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Phytate is an anti-nutritional factor found in grains which limits the availability of essential minerals in monogastric nutrition as they lack enzymes to break it down. Its effect on performance, nutrient retention and availability of many nutrients including the macro elements and trace minerals have been documented in many studies in different animal species with conflicting results. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance, blood metabolites and microbial population in broiler chicks fed graded levels of phytase enzyme at 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000FTU/kg of the experimental diet in a 56-day feeding trial. One hundred and ninety-five, one-day-old Arbor acre chicks were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design and the treatment had three replicates with 13 birds each. Data were collected on performance characteristics weekly while on day 56, blood was collected at the jugular vein of two birds per replicate for haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Consequently, two birds per replicate were also sacrificed and excised for jejunum and ileum microflora assay. Result for the performance characteristics showed no significant (P>0.05) differences in final bodyweight, daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Initial body weight ranged from 36.08±0.78-40.13±3.57g/bird, final body weight ranged from 2192.86±28.87- 2466.81±117.40g/bird and the Feed conversion ratio also ranged from 2.78-3.21. Also, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences observed in the haematological and serum biochemical parameters but numerical differences exist. Packed cell volume had values between 21.33-26.00% while haemoglobin also had values ranging from 7.11-8.67g/100mL. However, significant (P<0.05) differences exist in the ileum while no significant (P>0.05) differences were found in jejunum tissues. For Aspergillus flavus, 59.4±5.1cfu/mL was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 8.4±3.0cfu/mL for the ileum tissue while the jejunum tissue had values ranging from 4.2±1.80-16.8±6.00mL which were not significantly (P>0.05) different. In addition, significant (p<0.05) differences were observed for the ileum and jejunum tissue for Escherichia coli. The ileum tissue had significant values that ranged from 3.3±0.9-24.6±4.8mL while the jejunum also had significant values that ranged from 4.5±0.3-27.9±5.7mL. In conclusion, the use of microbial phytase had no influence on the performance of broilers and blood metabolite but has effect on the microflora of broiler chicken.

scholarly journals GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN YANKASA RAMS FED ALKALI-TREATED GROUNDNUT SHELLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Jacob Millam ◽  
S. S. Bello ◽  
H. Y. Abbaya ◽  
P. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Serum Biochemical Profile ◽  
Groundnut Shell

The study was conducted to assess the chemical composition of alkali treated groundnut shells and their effects on growth and serum biochemical parameters in Yankasa rams. A total of 4 Yankasa rams where used to conduct the experiment in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four diets (14% crude protein) were formulated to contain untreated groundnut shell (UTGNS), urea treated groundnut shell (UGNS), lime treated groundnut shell (LGNS) and urea-lime treated groundnut shell (ULGNS). Growth and blood serum parameters were measured at the end of each period. Samples of the treated groundnut shell and the experimental diets were analysed for proximate analysis, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin. The results of the chemical composition of treated groundnut shell showed that alkali chemical increased the protein, energy, and reduced the cell wall constituents of the untreated groundnut shell. Significant (P<0.05) effect were observed for daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio and serum biochemical profile. Daily feed intake and daily weight gain were higher in UTGNS (183.50 g and 1110.90 g respectively); UGNS had the least feed conversion ratio (5.98). Total protein and glucose levels were above normal range of serum biochemical values for sheep while blood urea and creatinine were within normal range of values. The study revealed that dietary inclusion of treated groundnut shell did not show any negative effect on the growth performance and kidney function but indicated some signs of ailment on the activities of the liver and pancreas.

scholarly journals Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler starter chickens offered dietary supplement of comfrey leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
A.C. Esiegwu ◽  
T.K.O. Obih
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nutritional supplement of comfrey symphytum leaves extract on the performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broilers. 200g of Comfrey symphytum leaves were squeezed in 1 litre of H2O with a juicer to produce Comfrey symphytum extract. The leaves extract was further mixed (diluted) in clean drinking water at the rate of 0ml/l of H2O, 25ml/l of H2O, 50ml/l of H20 and 75ml/l of H2O designated as T1, T3, T4 and T5. T2 was given conventional  supplement  (divertamin). Five groups of 30-day old chicks of Agritech breed were randomly assigned to one of the supplementary Comfrey symphytum leaves extract and the divertamin supplement for 28days. Each was subdivided into three replicates of 10 chicks each. The broiler chicks were fed normal broiler starter ration for all the groups. At the end of the 28days trial, performance indices result showed that mean final weight, mean weight changes, mean daily weight gain, mean daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected (P>0.05). However, T4 (50ml per litre of H2O) and T5 (75ml/litre of H2O) gave better performance in terms of feed  conversion ratio. The cost/kg of weight gain was cheaper at T4 and T5. All the haematological (Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and white blood cell) and serum biochemical indices (total protein, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and liver enzymes) did not show any significant treatment effect (P>0.05). It was concluded that Comfrey symphytum had no deleterious effect on starter broilers and its use as a nutritional supplement could improve performance at 50 - 75ml/l of H2O and reduce cost/kg of weight gain.  

scholarly journals Growth performance and blood profile of female rabbits fed dietary Cerium Oxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
OA Adua ◽  
IW Akinmuyisitana ◽  
FA Gbore
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Mean

Context: Rare earth elements, the 15 lanthanide elements with atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum) through 71 (lutetium), have been reported to be capable of producing reasonable growth-promoting effects in all classes of livestock and at the same time increase milk yield and egg production. However, concentration and type of rare earth element as well as the compositions of individual elements are important factors influencing the performance enhancing effects of REE on animals. Objective: The effects of inclusion of different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO), a Rare Earth Element on growth performance and blood parameters of female rabbits. Materials and Methods: In an 8-week feeding experiment, 32 growing female rabbits were used. The rabbits were assigned to different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm. The initial weight, feed intake and final weight were determined. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment for hematological and serum biochemical analyses. Results: The daily weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) with increase in dietary CeO concentrations. The CeO supplemented diets generally had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily weight gain of 7.52 - 10.29 g compared with 6.65 g for those on the control diet. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leukocyte and the mean differential leukocyte counts were significantly (P<0.05) influenced while the serum biochemical parameters examined, except urea, were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary CeO. Conclusion: This study revealed that diets supplemented with CeO, particularly at 200 ppm concentration, is capable of improving body weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in rabbits without any detrimental effect on the blood parameters indicating good health status of the animals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22521 J. bio-sci. 21: 69-75, 2013

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽  
Mary Kivali Ambula ◽  
Isaac Maina Osuga ◽  
Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽  
David Miano Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

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