scholarly journals Biochemical and haematological enhancement activities of aqueous and methanol leaves, stem and roots extracts of Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) and Dictyandra arborescens (Welw.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechi E. Enenebeaku ◽  
Evangeline N. Okotcha ◽  
Lilian M. O. Oguoma ◽  
Ifeyinwa C. Mgbemena ◽  
Conrad K. Enenebeaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Africa is blessed with rich floral biodiversity which are harnessed as herbal medicines and remedies for several ailments. Since there has been evidence of organ toxicity following prolonged ingestion of medicinal plant concotions, this study investigated the biochemical and hematological enhancement activities of aqueous and methanolic leaves, stem and roots extracts of Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) and Dictyandra arborescens (Welw) in adult male albino rats. Results Leaves, stem and roots extracts of D. arborescens, as well as extracts of leaves and roots of C. dependens did not record any mice mortality even at 5000 mg/kg b.wt but extracts of C. dependens stem in both medium recorded death at 2900 mg/kg b. wt and 5000 mg/kg b.wt. Ingestion of the extracts by rats over a 14-day period increased (p  <  0.05) the body weights of the experimental animals in the C. dependens and D. arborescens treated groups. The relative organ weights of rats that received the extracts did not differ (p < 0.05) significantly from those of the standard and normal control. Administration of the extracts revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase in haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, RBCs, WBCs, MCH, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and MCHC) at 200 mg/kg−1 body weight. For biochemical parameters, levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, and albumin were not significantly (p < 0.05) elevated following administration of the extracts. Conclusion These parameters did not differ significantly from the normal and standard control. Since these extracts did not exhibit any chronic toxicity on experimental animals, suggesting no harmful effects following their use, their continuous use in ethno-medicine is therefore justified.

Acute and chronic toxicity studies on Polygonum glabrum in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar A ◽  
Gandhimathi R
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Diuretic Agents

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.

Bioavailability and preliminary toxicity evaluations of alumina nanoparticles in vivo after oral exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Tao Yang ◽  
Tiancheng Wang ◽  
Erya Dong ◽  
Xin-Xin Chen ◽  
Kun Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Low Toxicity

Abstract Alumina nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important nanomaterials and are widely used in diverse areas. In this study, we evaluated the bioavailability and toxicity of alumina NPs in mice after oral exposure, compared with traditional alumina powder. Our results indicated that negligible alumina NPs were absorbed post-exposure and alumina NPs did not influence the balance of essential trace elements, including Fe, Cu and Zn. Preliminary toxicological evaluations suggested that alumina NPs were of low toxicity. The body weights were similar among the mice exposed to alumina NPs, alumina powder and 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution. The low toxicity was also indicated by the unchanged serum biochemical parameters. The implications related to the ongoing safety evaluations and applications of alumina NPs are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Some Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. K. Jiyil ◽  
C. D. Luka ◽  
C. E. Mafuyai ◽  
N. Pamela
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Appreciable number of medicinal plants are used for the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria. Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Zingiber officinale extracts and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 130 g to 160 g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of ginger and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of metformin). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period. Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of ginger compensates for the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats (+11.5%) in contrast to 24.8% reduction observed in diabetic control. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the 8-day treatment compared to diabetic control. The extent of reversal of hyperglycemia in the ginger extract treated animals compared well with the metformin treated group. The results, therefore, showed that ginger extract has a significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and moreover, elevations in the measured biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in rats treated with ginger extract. Conclusion: Zingiber officinale extracts has a significant effect on some biochemical parameters and hematological assays. These provide scientific evidence to confirm the traditional use of Z. officinale in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Subacute oral toxicity evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. tubers in Phu Quoc, Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Ngoc Trac ◽  
Pham Thu Ha ◽  
Do Thi Hong Tuoi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The tubers of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, liver and intestinal diseases in the traditional medicine of Vietnam. The 50% ethanolic extract of H. formicarum (EEHF) has been proved anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as hepatoprotective activity at the oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice. The aim of this work was to study on the subacute oral toxicity of the EEHF at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 and 60 consecutive days in both sexes of mice. The observations were undertaken on the mortality, the body weights, the toxic signs, hematological and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, the histopathology of liver and kidneys was studied. The results showed that the 100 mg/kg of EEHF did not cause any toxic signs in mice. There was no significant difference of hematological and biochemical parameters between the treated animals and the controls. Histopathological examinations of livers and kidneys showed no significant difference suggesting no morphological disturbances in treated mice. In conclusion, the results indicated that the EEHF did not cause any subacute toxicity in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, providing the evidence of the safety of health products from this medicinal plant.

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicities of DA.AMLODEPON HVD hard capsule in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Van Dam ◽  
Nguyen Van Dat ◽  
Pham Thanh Ky ◽  
Nguyen Trong Thong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
General Conditions

Assessment of toxicities of DA.AMLODEPON HVD hard capsule on experimental animals. The acute toxicity of DA.AMLODEPON HVD was assessed on Swiss mice according to World Health Organization Guidance, and LD50 determination according to the method of Litchfield – Wilcoxon. The sub-chronic toxicity study of DA.AMLODEPON HVD at two doses (0.42 g/kg/day and 1.26g/kg/day) was conducted in rats for four consecutive weeks. After administration, general conditions and the body weight of rats were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for analyzing serum parameters before treatment (T0), second week (T1), and fourth week (T2). Histopathological analysis of livers and kidneys was observed at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that mice were taken up to a maximum dose of 39.15 g/kg with no symptoms of acute toxicity, LD50 of DA.AMLODEPON HVD has not been determined. The sub-chronic toxicity study at two doses did not change the body weight of rats, general conditions. The parameters for structures and functions of livers and kidneys and microscopic of the livers and kidneys are in a normal range during the study period.

scholarly journals Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) on body weight and some biochemical parameters in restraint stressed albino rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Dilruba Siraji ◽  
Nadira Islam ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Sultana Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: With the increased trend of urbanization of our society, the incidence of various stress related diseases are increasing day by day. People under chronic stress often tends to seek relief through drugs, which may have side effects. But some natural supplements called adaptogen, can be more beneficial in reducing symptoms of stress. Objective: The present animal model experimental study was designed to observe the effects of restraint stress on body weight, serum ALT, AST, Glucose, Cholesterol and their modifications by Ocimum sanctum Linn (tulsi) pretreatment which is an Ayurvedic adaptogen and has a long history of therapeutic use. Study design: For this purpose, 30 albino rats aged 90 to 120 days were included in this study. Twenty rats of experimental group were further subdivided into two groups. One group consisted of 10 rats exposed to one hour restraint stress daily for 7 days and 10 rats of the second group were pretreated with tulsi for 7 days before exposure to stress in the same way. 10 non stressed , non pretreated rats were taken into control group.This study was undertaken in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology,BSMMU during the period from July 2003 to June 2004. Methods: The body weight of all control rats were recorded daily in the morning. Body weight of the experimental rats were recorded just before exposure to stress. After completing the experiment , the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected . Serum glucose, cholesterol and ALT,ASTwere determined by standard laboratory technique. Data were compared among the groups and the results were statistically analyzed using unpaired student t' test. Results : The body weight in untreated stressed group was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of the control group and tulsi pretreated group. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, aminotrasferases (ALT and AST) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in stressed group than those of control . Again in Tulsi treated group all these biochemical parameters were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of stressed group. This restraint stress-induced changes in body weight and biochemical parameters may be due to hypophagia, altered secretion of various metabolic hormones and neurotransmitters, changes in membrane permeability & hypovolaemia resulting from stress induced secretion of corticosterone and epinephrine through hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis activation. Conclusion: Prevention of stress induced changes in biochemical parameter by tulsi pre treatment indicates its anti stressor effect. Key words: Restraint stress; adaptogen;Ocimum sanctum Linn (tulsi); glucose; cholesterol; ALT; AST.   doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1791 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):29-34.  

scholarly journals Turmeric Powder Gavage Improves Lipid Profile of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A. V. Iwueke ◽  
W. C. Madu ◽  
E. C. Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Oral Administration

Dyslipidemia is one of the key risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate the effect of powdered Curcuma longa (turmeric) tubers on lipid profile of albino rats. Twenty-four (24) male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (A-D), receiving once daily administration of distilled water, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the powder respectively. The body weights of the animals were measured weekly, while lipid profile was determined after three weeks. The result showed that daily oral administration of graded doses of the C. longa powder for three weeks resulted in a non-significant increase in the body weights of the animals. Daily oral turmeric powder (200 mg/kg) treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowered the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while those that received 100 mg/kg significantly increased HDL-Cholesterol and reduced LDL-Cholesterol. Turmeric powder lowered total cholesterol, triglyceride and increasing HDL cholesterol in albino rats at the indicated doses and duration.

Activity and Acquisition/Extinction Comparisons of Brown- and White-Coated Litter Mates

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Lundgren ◽  
Michael A. Per Singer
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Lever Pressing

Initial experiments were conducted to determine the effect of coat color on behavior. “Wild” brown- and white (albino)-coated litter mates from 5 brother-sister bred pairs which were the offsprings of albino rats bred with wild dump rats ( Rattus norvegicus) were compared directly on several behavioral measures. No significant differences existed between coat colors for juvenile and adult ambulatory activity, acquisition rates for a lever-pressing task or for weaning and adult body weights. The brown-coated rats extinguished the lever responses more quickly than their white-coated litter mates. Sex differences tended towards significance for the activity measures and were significant for the body weights.

scholarly journals The Effects of Subchronic Methionine Overload Administered Alone or Simultaneously with L-cysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Body Weight, Homocysteine Levels and Biochemical Parameters in the Blood of Male Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Zarko Micovic ◽  
Aleksandra Stamenkovic ◽  
Tamara Nikolic ◽  
Marija Stojanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Scepanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHC), both basal and after methionine load, may occur due to genetic disorders or deficiencies of nutrients that affect the remethylation or trans-sulphuration pathways during methionine metabolism. HHC is involved in the pathogenesis of many illnesses as a result of its prooxidative effect and its impairment of antioxidative protection. The aim was to examine the effects of subchronic methionine overload on the body weight and standard biochemical parameters in rat serum and to examine whether simultaneous subchronic intraperotoneal administration of methionine alone or together with L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine resulted in a change in the body weight and biochemical parameters in the rat serum. The research was conducted during a three-week period (male Wistar albino rats, n=36, body weight of approximately 160 g, age of 15-20 days), and the animals were divided into a control group and three experimental groups of 8-10 animals each: a) control group (0.9% sodium chloride 0.1-0.2 ml/day); b) methionine (0.8 mmol/kg/bw/day) (MET group); c) methionine (0.8 mmol/kg/bw/day) + L-cysteine (7 mg/kg/bw/day) (L-cys+MET group); and d) methionine (0.8 mmol/kg/bw/day) + N-acetyl-L-cysteine (50 mg/kg/bw/day) (NAC+MET group). In addition to the body weight monitoring, the levels of total homocysteine and the standard biochemical parameters in blood samples (plasma or serum) were determined. The results indicated that monitoring the homocysteine levels and standard biochemical parameters in blood could be used for analysis and could provide an excellent guideline for distinguishing between toxic and non-toxic doses of methionine intake, which may be meaningful for clinical applications.

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