Inflammatory responses of C57BL/6NKorl mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis: comparison between three C57BL/6 N sub-strains

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic human diseases that are challenging to cure and are often unable to be resolved. The inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 N has been used in investigations of IBD as an experimental animal model. The purpose of the current study was to compare the inflammatory responsiveness of C57BL/6NKorl mice, a sub-strain recently established by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), with those of C57BL/6 N mice from two different sources using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Results Male mice (8 weeks old) were administered DSS (0, 1, 2, or 3%) in drinking water for 7 days. DSS significantly decreased body weight and colon length and increased the colon weight-to-length ratio. Moreover, severe colitis-related clinical signs including diarrhea and rectal bleeding were observed beginning on day 4 in mice administered DSS at a concentration of 3%. DSS led to edema, epithelial layer disruption, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine induction (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) in the colon tissues. However, no significant differences in DSS-promoted abnormal symptoms or their severity were found between the three sub-strains. Conclusions These results indicate that C57BL/6NKorl mice responded to DSS-induced colitis similar to the generally used C57BL6/N mice, thus this newly developed mouse sub-strain provides a useful animal model of IBD.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Phytoncide in an Animal Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1895

Author(s):

Azra Memon ◽

Bae Yong Kim ◽

Se-eun Kim ◽

Yuliya Pyao ◽

Yeong-Geun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Animal Model ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Inos Expression ◽

Gastrointestinal Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Background: Phytoncide is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: This study was carried out to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of phytoncide extracts from pinecone waste. Methods: We made two types of animal models to evaluate the efficacy, an indomethacin-induced gastroenteritis rat model and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Result: In the gastroenteritis experiment, the expression of induced-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a marker for inflammation, decreased in the phytoncide-supplemented groups, and gastric ulcer development was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). In the colitis experiment, the shortening of the colon length and the iNOS expression were significantly suppressed in the phytoncide-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, we confirmed that phytoncide can directly inhibit inflammation in digestive organs. Although further research is needed, we conclude that phytoncide has potential anti-inflammatory properties in the digestive tract and can be developed as a functional agent.

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Treatment of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis with Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Inhibitor MI-2 Is Associated with Restoration of Gut Immune Function and the Microbiota

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00091-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 86 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kyung Won Lee ◽

Minseok Kim ◽

Chang Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Diverse Populations ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Intestinal Immune System

ABSTRACT Disruption of the healthy intestinal microbiome and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system, which are closely interactive, are two key factors for ulcerative colitis. Here, we show that MI-2, a selective inhibitor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation-1 (MALT1), alleviated excessive inflammatory responses and was associated with restoration of healthy intestinal microbiome in mice suffering from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We found that the diversity of intestinal microbiome of mice with DSS-induced colitis was significantly lower than that of healthy mice. However, MI-2 treatment in mice with DSS-induced colitis resulted in restored microbially diverse populations. To understand the possibility of the beneficial effect of the restored microbially diverse populations of MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis, we showed that inserting fecal microbiota from MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis and healthy control mice into mice with DSS-induced colitis could alleviate symptoms of colitis. The possibility of MI-2 treatment in DSS-induced colitis, associated with restoration of healthy microbially diverse populations in addition to reshaping host immune modulating capacity by reducing inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-17α, and IL-22), may be considered therapeutic for ulcerative colitis.

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Monocolonization of Germ-Free Mice withBacteroides fragilisProtects against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Colitis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/675786 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chien-Chao Chiu ◽

Yung-Hao Ching ◽

Yu-Chih Wang ◽

Ju-Yun Liu ◽

Yen-Peng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

Germ Free ◽

Intestinal Immune System ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Ulcerative colitis is inflammatory conditions of the colon caused by interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies indicated that the gut microflora may be involved in the colonic inflammation.Bacteroides fragilis(BF) is a Gram-negative anaerobe belonging to the colonic symbiotic. We aimed to investigate the protective role ofBFin a colitis model induced in germ-free (GF) mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). GF C57BL/6JNarl mice were colonized withBFfor 28 days before acute colitis was induced by DSS.BFcolonization significantly increased animal survival by 40%, with less reduction in colon length, and decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages and neutrophils) in colon mucosa following challenge with DSS. In addition,BFcould enhance the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory-related cytokine such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) with polymorphism cytokineIL-17and diminish that of proinflammatory-related tumor necrosis factorαwith inducible nitric oxide synthase in the ulcerated colon. Myeloperoxidase activity was also decreased inBF-DSS mice. Taking these together, theBFcolonization significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by suppressing the activity of inflammatory-related molecules and inducing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.BFmay play an important role in maintaining intestinal immune system homeostasis and regulate inflammatory responses.

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Morchella importuna Flavones Improve Intestinal Integrity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Challenged Mice

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.742033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yingyin Xu ◽

Liyuan Xie ◽

Jie Tang ◽

Xiaolan He ◽

Zhiyuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Intestinal Integrity ◽

Edible Fungus ◽

Factor Α ◽

Morchella Importuna

Morchella importuna, as an edible fungus, has various health benefits. However, the effects of M. importuna on intestinal health are rarely investigated. Hence, this study aims to ascertain the influences of flavones from the fruiting bodies of M. importuna (hereinafter abbreviated as MIF) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced damage to intestinal epithelial barrier in C57BL/6J mice. In this (14-day) study, 144 C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: (1) Control; (2) DSS treatment; (3) DSS treatment + 100 mg/kg MIF (LMIF); (4) DSS treatment + 200 mg/kg MIF (HMIF). On days 8-14, mice in the challenged groups were challenged with 3.5% DSS, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline. Then, serum and intestinal samples were obtained from all mice. The results showed that MIF ingestion enhanced intestinal integrity in DSS-challenged mice, as evinced by the elevated (p < 0.05) abundances of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 proteins. Meanwhile, MIF ingestion reduced (p < 0.05) the colonic interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations and increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and Shannon and Simpson indices in DSS-challenged mice. Moreover, MIF ingestion reduced (p < 0.05) the abundance of phospho-nuclear factor (NF)-κB and increased the abundance of phospho-Nrf2 in DSS-challenged mice. Taken together, MIF protects against intestinal barrier injury in C57BL/6J mice via a mechanism that involves inhibiting NF-κB activation and promoting Nrf2 activation, as well as regulating intestinal microbiota.

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Sauchinone attenuates inflammatory responses in dendritic cells via Blimp-1 and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 527 (4) ◽

pp. 902-908

Author(s):

Wenbo Xiu ◽

Yanxi Chen ◽

Qinyuan Chen ◽

Bolin Deng ◽

Jiang Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Inflammatory Responses

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Treatment with a Zinc Metalloprotease Purified from Bothrops moojeni Snake Venom (BmooMP-Alpha-I) Reduces the Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/5195134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maraisa Cristina Silva ◽

Helioswilton Sales-Campos ◽

Carlo José Freire Oliveira ◽

Tamires Lopes Silva ◽

Flávia Batista Ferreira França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Model ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tissue Architecture ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Bothrops Moojeni

It has been described that the metalloprotease BmooMP-alpha-I purified from Bothrops moojeni snake venom is able to hydrolyze the TNF molecule. However, this observation has been based mainly on in vitro investigation, in addition to molecular modeling and docking approaches. Considering that there is no in vivo study to demonstrate the biological effects of this enzyme, the major aim to the present work was to investigate whether the BmooMP-alpha-I has any anti-inflammatory efficacy by setting up a murine experimental design of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, as follows: (i) animals without intestinal inflammation, (ii) animals without intestinal inflammation treated with BmooMP-alpha-I (50 μg/animal/day), and (iii) animals with intestinal inflammation induced by 3% of DSS, (iv) mice with intestinal inflammation induced by DSS and treated with BmooMP-alpha-I enzyme at the 50, 25, or 12.5 μg/animal/day dosages by intraperitoneal route. Clinical signs of colitis were observed daily for calculating the morbidity scores, cytokine measurements, and histological features. We observed that the animals treated with different doses of the enzyme presented a remarkable improvement of colitis signs, as confirmed by a significant increase of the intestine length in comparison to the DSS group. Also, no difference was observed between the groups treated with the enzyme or vehicle, as the colon length of these animals was slightly lower than that of the group of healthy animals, without induction of intestinal inflammation. The cytokine quantification in supernatants of intestinal tissue homogenates showed a significant reduction of 38% in IFN-gamma levels, when the animals were treated with 50 μg of the BmooMP-alpha-I compared to the animals receiving DSS only. A significant reduction of 39% in TNF levels was also observed in all doses of treatment with BmooMP-alpha-I, in addition to a significant reduction of 35% in the amount of IL-12p40. Histological examinations revealed that the BmooMP-alpha-I 50 μg treated group preserved colon architecture and goblet cells and reduced the ulcer area, when compared with DSS mice, which showed typical inflammatory changes in tissue architecture, such as ulceration, crypt dilation, loss of tissue architecture, and goblet cell depletion, accompanied by a significant cell infiltration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the improvement of clinical scores and histological findings related to BmooMP-alpha-I treatment in this experimental model could be attributed to the metalloprotease ability to modulate cytokine production locally at the inflamed intestine. These findings highlight the potential anti-inflammatory role and effectiveness of this enzyme as a therapeutic alternative in this type of immunopathological condition.

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