scholarly journals Tilted platforms: rental housing technology and the rise of urban big data oligopolies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing ◽  
Max Besbris ◽  
David Wachsmuth ◽  
Jake Wegmann
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Systematic Biases

Abstract This article interprets emerging scholarship on rental housing platforms—particularly the most well-known and used short- and long-term rental housing platforms—and considers how the technological processes connecting both short-term and long-term rentals to the platform economy are transforming cities. It discusses potential policy approaches to more equitably distribute benefits and mitigate harms. We argue that information technology is not value-neutral. While rental housing platforms may empower data analysts and certain market participants, the same cannot be said for all users or society at large. First, user-generated online data frequently reproduce the systematic biases found in traditional sources of housing information. Evidence is growing that the information broadcasting potential of rental housing platforms may increase rather than mitigate sociospatial inequality. Second, technology platforms curate and shape information according to their creators’ own financial and political interests. The question of which data—and people—are hidden or marginalized on these platforms is just as important as the question of which data are available. Finally, important differences in benefits and drawbacks exist between short-term and long-term rental housing platforms, but are underexplored in the literature: this article unpacks these differences and proposes policy recommendations. Policy and practice recommendations As rental housing technologies upend traditional market processes in favor of platform oligopolies, policymakers must reorient these processes toward the public good. Long-term and short-term rental platforms offer different market benefits and drawbacks, but the latter in particular requires proactive regulation to mitigate harm. At a minimum, policymakers must require that short-term rental platforms provide the information necessary for cities to enforce current, let alone new, housing regulations. Practitioners should be cautious inferring market conditions from rental housing platform data, due to difficult-to-measure sampling biases.

scholarly journals Tilted Platforms: Rental Housing Technology and the Rise of Urban Big Data Oligopolies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing ◽  
Max Besbris ◽  
David Wachsmuth ◽  
Jake Wegmann
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Short And Long Term

This article interprets emerging scholarship on rental housing platforms—particularly the most well-known and used short- and long-term rental housing platforms—and considers how the technological processes connecting both short-term and long-term rentals to the platform economy are transforming cities. It discusses potential policy approaches to more equitably distribute benefits and mitigate harms. We argue that information technology is not value-neutral. While rental housing platforms may empower data analysts and certain market participants, the same cannot be said for all users or society at large. First, user-generated online data frequently reproduce the systematic biases found in traditional sources of housing information. Evidence is growing that the information broadcasting potential of rental housing platforms may increase rather than mitigate sociospatial inequality. Second, technology platforms curate and shape information according to their creators' own financial and political interests. The question of which data—and people—are hidden or marginalized on these platforms is just as important as the question of which data are available. Finally, important differences in benefits and drawbacks exist between short-term and long-term rental housing platforms, but are underexplored in the literature: this article unpacks these differences and proposes policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Clustering electricity market participants via FRM models

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ayla Gülcü ◽  
Sedrettin Çalişkan
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Distance Metrics ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Collateral Mechanism

Collateral mechanism in the Electricity Market ensures the payments are executed on a timely manner; thus maintains the continuous cash flow. In order to value collaterals, Takasbank, the authorized central settlement bank, creates segments of the market participants by considering their short-term and long-term debt/credit information arising from all market activities. In this study, the data regarding participants’ daily and monthly debt payment and penalty behaviors is analyzed with the aim of discovering high-risk participants that fail to clear their debts on-time frequently. Different clustering techniques along with different distance metrics are considered to obtain the best clustering. Moreover, data preprocessing techniques along with Recency, Frequency, Monetary Value (RFM) scoring have been used to determine the best representation of the data. The results show that Agglomerative Clustering with cosine distance achieves the best separated clustering when the non-normalized dataset is used; this is also acknowledged by a domain expert.

Investigation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) care management in GIST patients (pts) receiving short-term versus long-term imatinib (IM) adjuvant therapy: A chart review analysis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Anthony Paul Conley ◽  
Annie Guérin ◽  
Medha Sasane ◽  
Geneviève Gauthier ◽  
Frances Schwiep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Kit Mutation ◽  
Nccn Guidelines

195 Background: Although optimal duration of adjuvant IM therapy in Kit+ GIST pts is unknown, the NCCN guidelines recommend treatment for ≥36 months in high-risk pts based on clinical trials showing reduced risk of recurrence and mortality in pts receiving long-term adjuvant IM. The objective of this study was to investigate clinicians’ recurrence risk assessment and GIST management in patients receiving adjuvant IM for short- (6-12 months) vs. long-term (≥24 months) in community practice. Methods: GIST-related and treatment characteristic information on adult pts with primary resectable Kit+ GIST initiating IM ≤84 days after surgery (short-term: 411 pts; long-term: 408 pts) was collected from 320 U.S. oncologists using an online data collection form. In addition, physician prescribing patterns and perception of risk assessment and IM duration were collected. Results: Indicators of risk (tumor size, mitotic count, and tumor location) were significantly associated with IM treatment duration. Tumor rupture status did not impact IM duration, except when unknown, in which case pts had longer IM duration. About 50% of pts had not been tested for Kit mutation; 31% of physicians reported that it would not have changed therapy/management or were not aware of how results should have impacted GIST management. Among short-term pts for whom physicians reported a reason for IM discontinuation, main reasons included non-severe adverse events, completion of the 1-year treatment scheduled, economic constraint/health plan coverage change, and pts’ preference. Overall, 77.8% of surveyed physicians reported that pt risk profile drove their decision of continuing IM over an extended period of time. However, in practice 39.9% of the short-term pts and 48.8% of the long-term pts had a high risk profile as assessed by Fletcher classification; suggesting a lack of consistency between treatment related opinions and practice. Conclusions: These observed discrepancies highlight the need for standardization of risk assessment practices and education among community oncologists and pts.

Risk of disease recurrence and mortality in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients receiving short-term versus long-term imatinib adjuvant therapy: A chart review analysis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20511-e20511
Author(s):  
Anthony Paul Conley ◽  
Annie Guerin ◽  
Medha Sasane ◽  
Genevieve Gauthier ◽  
Frances Schwiep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Collection Form

e20511 Background: The benefits of long-term (36 months) use of adjuvant imatinib (IM) in high risk GIST patients (pts) have been demonstrated in a recent multicenter, prospective clinical trial that compared efficacy and safety of 3 years vs 1 year IM treatment. However, in clinical practice, there is no consensus on the optimal IM treatment duration after surgery. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to compare the risk of recurrence and survival among primary resectable Kit positive GIST pts treated with adjuvant IM for a short vs an extended period of time in a real-world setting. Methods: Information on adult pts with primary resectable Kit positive GIST initiating imatinib ≤84 days after surgery was collected from 248 U.S. oncologists using an online data collection form. Detailed pt information following first GIST diagnosis, including demographic, GIST-related characteristics (e.g., risk profile), comorbidity profile, IM treatment characteristics, disease recurrence and mortality was collected for pts with short-term (6-12 months) and long-term IM use (≥24 months). Disease recurrence and mortality rates were estimated from the 1st surgery date to the 1st evidence of recurrence, mortality, or end of observation period. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare recurrence and mortality rates between short vs long term IM use pts. Results: Among the 246 short-term and 395 long-term IM pts, the median follow up was 884 and 963 days, respectively. The average age was similar [59.0 (10.4) vs 58.1 (9.5); p=.23] but short-term pts had less males [57.7% vs 69.6% (p<.01)] and a lower Miettinen risk score [0.3 vs 0.4, p< .01)] than long-term pts. Disease recurrence [7.3 vs 1.8%, (p< .01)] and mortality rates [6.9% vs 2.3%, (p < .01)] were also higher in short- vs long-term pts. The adjusted risk of recurrence was 4.77 times [95% CI: 1.98 – 11.48, (p<.01)] higher and mortality risk was 3.44 times [CI: 1.53 – 7.75, (p<.01)] higher in short- vs long-term pts. Conclusions: Use of IM over an extended period of time is associated with a reduction in long-term risk of disease recurrence and mortality.

Characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients receiving short-term versus long-term imatinib (IM) adjuvant therapy: A chart review analysis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10094-10094
Author(s):  
Annie Guerin ◽  
Anthony Paul Conley ◽  
Medha Sasane ◽  
Genevieve Gauthier ◽  
Frances Schwiep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Surgery

10094 Background: In clinical practice, significant variability is seen in duration of adjuvant IM use. The objective of this study is to compare characteristics of GIST pts receiving adjuvant IM for a short (6-12 months) vs extended period (≥24 months) to better understand factors that may influence treatment (trt) duration decisions. Methods: Physician prescribing patterns and clinical information on adult pts with primary resectable Kit positive GIST initiating IM ≤84 days post-surgery was collected from 248 U.S. oncologists using online data collection forms. In addition to physicians’ perception of short- vs long-term use, pts’ risk assessment, trt, demographics, and comorbidities were collected for 246 short-term and 395 long-term IM pts. Characteristics were compared using Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests. Results: While pts were similar in age [59.0 vs. 58.1, P =.23], ethnicity, and region of residence, the short-term group included fewer males (57.7% vs 69.6%, P <.01) and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (11.4% vs 5.8%, P = .01) and ischemic heart diseases (5.3% vs 1.5%, P<.01). Differences were also observed in indicators of pre-treatment risk profile (tumor size, location, and rupture during surgery, mitotic count, and Miettinen score) (Table). Findings were consistent with main reasons reported by physicians for prescribing adjuvant IM over longer duration; in addition to pt risk profile (76.6%), tolerability (70.6%), younger pts (59.7%), safety (39.1%), trt response (29.8%), and economic reasons (26.2%) were other reasons impacting trt decisions. Conclusions: Pt risk is an important factor in physicians’ decisions to prescribe adjuvant IM for extended duration. However, age, tolerability, and comorbidities, also play an important role. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals On the Linkage between the Energy Market and Stock Returns: Evidence from Romania

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ştefan Armeanu ◽  
Camelia Cătălina Joldeş ◽  
Ştefan Cristian Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

his paper aims to establish whether the Romanian energy market has an influence on the good running of the associated capital market. In order to achieve this objective, we approached a series of econometric techniques that allowed us to study the cointegration between variables, the presence of short-term or long-term causality relationships, and the application of impulse-response functions to analyze how the BET index responds to the shocks applied. The empirical findings from the Johansen cointegration test, ARDL model, and VAR/VECM models confirmed both the presence of a long-term and short-term relationship between the energy market and capital market. From all energy market indicators, only hard coal presented a causal relationship with the BET index. We also noticed a unidirectional relationship from the WTI crude oil to the Romanian capital market. Our findings should be of interest to researchers, regulators, and market participants.

Short-term false memories vary as a function of list type

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2726-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M McBride ◽  
Jennifer H Coane ◽  
Shuofeng Xu ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Zhichun Yu
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type Experiment ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory

False memories have primarily been investigated at long-term delays in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) procedure, but a few studies have reported meaning-based false memories at delays as short as 1–4 s. The current study further investigated the processes that contribute to short-term false memories with semantic and phonological lists (Experiment 1) and hybrid lists containing items of each type (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, more false memories were found for phonological than for semantic lists. In Experiment 2, an asymmetrical hyper-additive effect was found such that including one or two phonological associates in pure semantic lists yielded a robust increase in false alarms, whereas including semantic associates in pure phonological lists did not affect false alarms. These results are more consistent with the activation–monitoring account of false memory creation than with fuzzy trace theory that has not typically been referenced when describing phonological false memories.

At a Glance …

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. F2-F2
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Global Growth

Our baseline forecast is for global growth of 3.7 per cent in 2012. Growth will accelerate to 4 per cent in 2013. These forecasts are little changed from our previous forecast.As in our previous forecast, we assume a delayed but ultimately successful resolution of the Euro Area crisis. Nevertheless, we expect a mild recession in the Euro Area as a whole, as well as in the UK. Downside risks to the Euro Area remain high. Fiscal austerity will weigh on growth in the short term, while medium to long term structural problems remain unresolved.We forecast growth of about 2 per cent in the US this year, while China and India, although slowing, will continue to drive world growth.

The Impact of Airbnb on Long-Term Rental Housing: The Case of Ljubljana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Polona Obrč ◽  
◽  
Boštjan Kerbler ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overnight Stays

Airbnb has become a fixture in the development of global cities. It especially impacts cities’ residential characteristics. The company works with the concept of the sharing economy, the essence of which is the exchange of services or goods between individuals who set the rules of operation without generating profits, but together generate more revenue. It insists that it does not represent a form of direct competition with other urban accommodation services and that it merely seeks to expand the tourism market. Nonetheless, this article proceeds from the assumption that Airbnb is influencing and transforming the housing market of the cities it operates in. It focuses on Ljubljana, which until 2019 had a record number of international arrivals and overnight stays. The findings confirm that short-term Airbnb rentals have affected the long-term rental market in Ljubljana. They also show that a very large share of rentals through Airbnb take place in the grey economy. However, the analysis of cases from selected European cities showed that, in addition to the drawbacks described, Airbnb also has positive effects on the development of cities. It is therefore necessary to accept and adapt appropriately to this global phenomenon through specific measures, such as those proposed in the conclusion for Ljubljana.

The impact of Airbnb on housing affordability: Evidence from Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110431
Author(s):  
Cong Liang ◽  
Matthew Chi Hei Yeung ◽  
Alan Kai Ming Au
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Recent years have witnessed the rapid expansion of the home-sharing business. The home-sharing services provided by Airbnb not only allow the homeowner to earn extra income by renting out part of the property to the potential renters but also provides the renters an authentic travel experience by living with residents. The emerging business model of Airbnb may bring about some uncertainties to rental housing markets. This study aims to explore an important issue – whether the home-sharing services provided by Airbnb would exacerbate the problem of housing affordability in Hong Kong. By examining the data from multiple sources such as the website of Airbnb and Census statistics from the Hong Kong Government, and housing rental transactions from property agents’ website via several econometric methods, we found that (1) the arrival of Airbnb would drive up housing rent rate around 3.6–4%; (2) The Airbnb activities would increase the rent-to-income ratio by 4%–4.7% in Hong Kong; (3) short-term home-sharing provided by Airbnb under current circumstance would lead to housing unaffordability in Hong Kong. It is suggested that regulations/guidelines on home-sharing should set a quota or limit the number of offering from long-term rentals to short-term rentals.

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