scholarly journals Melanin production and laccase mediated oxidative stress alleviation during fungal-fungal interaction among basidiomycete fungi

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samim Dullah ◽  
Dibya Jyoti Hazarika ◽  
Gunajit Goswami ◽  
Tanushree Borgohain ◽  
Alokesh Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Hyphal Morphology ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

AbstractFungal-fungal interaction often leads to the change in metabolite profile of both the interacting fungus which may have potential implication in industry or agriculture. In the present study, we performed two sets of fungal-fungal interaction—Trametes coccinea (F3) with Leiotrametes lactinea (F9) and T. coccinea (F3) with T. versicolor (F1) to understand the changes in the metabolite profile during the interaction process and how this process impacts the hyphal/mycelial morphology of the participating fungi. The metabolites produced during interaction of T. coccinea (F3) with L. lactinea (F9) and T. coccinea (F3) with T. versicolor (F1) was analysed through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Most of the metabolites secreted or produced during interaction are associated with defensive response. Further, visualization with scanning electron microscopy revealed that interaction between the tested fungi led to the changes in the hyphal morphology. The bipartite fungal interaction resulted in the production of a dark brown colour pigment—melanin as confirmed by the LC-MS, FTIR and NMR analysis. Moreover, the fungal–fungal interaction also led to increase in the production of laccase, a group of multicopper oxidases involved in detoxification of toxic compounds. Further, increased activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide was also recorded during fungal–fungal interaction. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed upregulation of lcc1 (encoding a laccase enzyme) and few other stress related genes of T. versicolor during its hyphal interaction with T. coccinea, suggesting a direct correlation between laccase production and melanin production.

scholarly journals Melanin Production and Laccase Mediated Oxidative Stress Alleviation During Fungal-fungal Interaction Among Basidiomycetes Fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samim Dullah ◽  
Dibya Jyoti Hazarika ◽  
Gunajit Goswami ◽  
Tanushree Borgohain ◽  
Alokesh Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Hyphal Morphology ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
The One ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Fungal-fungal interaction often leads to the change in metabolite profile of both the interacting fungus which may have potential implication in industry or agriculture. In the present study, we performed two sets of fungal-fungal interaction - Trametes coccinea (F3) with Leiotrametes lactinea (F9) and Trametes coccinea (F3) with Trametes versicolor (F1) to understand the changes in the metabolite profile during the interaction process and how this process impacts the hyphal/mycelial morphology of the participating fungi. The metabolites produced during interaction of Trametes coccinea (F3) with Leiotrametes lactinea (F9) and Trametes coccinea (F3) with Trametes versicolor (F1) was analysed through Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS). Most of the metabolites secreted or produced during interaction are associated with defensive response. Further, visualization with scanning electron microscopy revealed that interaction between the tested fungi led to the change in the hyphal morphology of the one participating fungus. The bipartite fungal interaction resulted in the production of a dark brown colour pigment – melanin as confirmed by the LC-MS, FTIR and NMR analysis. Moreover, the fungal-fungal interaction also led to increase in the production of laccase, a group of multicopper oxidases involved in detoxification of toxic compounds. Further increased activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide was also recorded during fungal– fungal interaction. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed upregulation of lcc1 (encoding a laccase enzyme) and few other stress related genes of T. versicolor during its hyphal interaction with T. coccinea, suggesting a direct correlation between laccase production and melanin production.

scholarly journals Protein Engineering Approaches to Enhance Fungal Laccase Production in S. cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Pablo Aza ◽  
Felipe de Salas ◽  
Gonzalo Molpeceres ◽  
David Rodríguez-Escribano ◽  
Iñigo de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mating Factor ◽  
Conserved Amino Acids ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

Laccases secreted by saprotrophic basidiomycete fungi are versatile biocatalysts able to oxidize a wide range of aromatic compounds using oxygen as the sole requirement. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a preferred host for engineering fungal laccases. To assist the difficult secretion of active enzymes by yeast, the native signal peptide is usually replaced by the preproleader of S. cerevisiae alfa mating factor (MFα1). However, in most cases, only basal enzyme levels are obtained. During directed evolution in S. cerevisiae of laccases fused to the α-factor preproleader, we demonstrated that mutations accumulated in the signal peptide notably raised enzyme secretion. Here we describe different protein engineering approaches carried out to enhance the laccase activity detected in the liquid extracts of S. cerevisiae cultures. We demonstrate the improved secretion of native and engineered laccases by using the fittest mutated α-factor preproleader obtained through successive laccase evolution campaigns in our lab. Special attention is also paid to the role of protein N-glycosylation in laccase production and properties, and to the introduction of conserved amino acids through consensus design enabling the expression of certain laccases otherwise not produced by the yeast. Finally, we revise the contribution of mutations accumulated in laccase coding sequence (CDS) during previous directed evolution campaigns that facilitate enzyme production.

A comparative study on the laccase activity of four basidiomycete fungi with different lignocellulosic residues via solid-state fermentation

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3017-3031
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Han ◽  
Qi An ◽  
Kai-Yue Ma ◽  
Wen-Ning An ◽  
Wen-Yao Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

The laccase producing abilities of four Basidiomycete fungi species were compared using solid-state fermentation using four different lignocellulosic residues. The biosynthetic potential of the Basidiomycetes was highly dependent on the type of fungi. In general, the laccase secreting ability of Cerrena unicolor Han 849 was greater than Lenzites betulinus Han 851, Stropharia rugosoannulata Han 1321, and Auricularia heimuer Han 1333. The maximum laccase production of C. unicolor Han 849 was approximately 11.25, 122.26, and 15.27 times higher than L. betulinus Han 851, S. rugosoannulata Han 1321 and A. heimuer Han 1333, respectively. Different species of fungi had a preference in lignocellulosic residues. The presence of Firmiana platanifolia was conducive to secreting laccase via C. unicolor Han 849 during solid-state fermentation. A continuous and stable laccase production via C. unicolor Han 849 was an obvious advantage of solid-state fermentation with any of the four lignocellulosic residues used. The maximum laccase production of C. unicolor Han 849 using Firmiana platanifolia was approximately 2.12, 1.68, and 6.13 times higher than Populus beijingensis, Sorghum bicolor, and Oryza sativa, respectively. These findings will be helpful for developing new productivity strains in industrial applications and selecting suitable lignocellulosic residues for laccase production.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Network of Multiple Capsule and Melanin Genes Governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans Cyclic AMP Cascade

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Read Pukkila-Worley ◽  
Quincy D. Gerrald ◽  
Peter R. Kraus ◽  
Marie-Josée Boily ◽  
Matthew J. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Capsule Assembly ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that elaborates several virulence attributes, including a polysaccharide capsule and melanin pigments. A conserved Gα protein/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway controls melanin and capsule production. To identify targets of this pathway, we used an expression profiling approach to define genes that are transcriptionally regulated by the Gα protein Gpa1. This approach revealed that Gpa1 transcriptionally regulates multiple genes involved in capsule assembly and identified two additional genes with a marked dependence on Gpa1 for transcription. The first is the LAC1 gene, encoding the laccase enzyme that catalyzes a rate-limiting step in diphenol oxidation and melanin production. The second gene identified (LAC2) is adjacent to the LAC1 gene and encodes a second laccase that shares 75% nucleotide identity with LAC1. Similar to the LAC1 gene, LAC2 is induced in response to glucose deprivation. However, LAC2 basal transcript levels are much lower than those for LAC1. Accordingly, a lac2 mutation results in only a modest delay in melanin formation. LAC2 overexpression suppresses the melanin defects of gpa1 and lac1 mutants and partially restores virulence of these strains. These studies provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of capsule and melanin production by the C. neoformans cAMP pathway and demonstrate that multiple laccases contribute to C. neoformans melanin production and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals SCREENING, ISOLATION, AND PRODUCTION OF FUNGAL LACCASE FROM SAW MILL SOIL OF OSMANABAD.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sabina Shaikh ◽  
Prashant Dixit ◽  
Innus Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

The rainforest and wood decaying habitats are the main sources for the several laccase producers, which include plant, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Among these, several fungal species having laccase producing ability, which mainly includes wood rooting fungi that are often associated with lignin peroxidase or manganese dependent peroxidase or both. In view of this, we screened the natural habitats like saw mill soil and nearby places of Osmanabad district of Maharashtra for isolation of potential fungal species having laccase producing abilities. A total 45 fungal strains were isolated and screened for laccase production on solid media like Czapak dox agar medium containing guaiacol, tannic acid, bromophenol blue, and ABTS. Out of that 24 isolates showed positive results and among these S19 was found to be a potent laccase producing ability. The S19 fungus sp. subcultured on Czapak dox agar slant and screened for laccase enzyme production on solid state fermentation using wheat bran. In conclusion, we isolated the most potent laccase producing S19 fungus sp. from local natural habitats. A total 11.35 U/L of laccase enzyme obtained under optimized solid state fermentation. The enzyme may find potential applications in degradation of xenobiotics, decolourization of dyes, pulp and paper industries, depolymerisation of lignin, pigment degradation, and several other industrial processes.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Two Novel Laccases from Peniophora lycii

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Olga A. Glazunova ◽  
Konstantin V. Moiseenko ◽  
Olga S. Savinova ◽  
Tatyana V. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungus ◽  
Scarce Data ◽  
Bromcresol Green ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

Although, currently, more than 100 laccases have been purified from basidiomycete fungi, the majority of these laccases were obtained from fungi of the Polyporales order, and only scarce data are available about the laccases from other fungi. In this article, laccase production by the white-rot basidiomycete fungus Peniophora lycii, belonging to the Russulales order, was investigated. It was shown that, under copper induction, this fungus secreted three different laccase isozymes. Two laccase isozymes—Lac5 and LacA—were purified and their corresponding nucleotide sequences were determined. Both purified laccases were relatively thermostable with periods of half-life at 70 °C of 10 and 8 min for Lac5 and LacA, respectively. The laccases demonstrated the highest activity toward ABTS (97 U·mg−1 for Lac5 and 121 U·mg−1 for LacA at pH 4.5); Lac5 demonstrated the lowest activity toward 2,6-DMP (2.5 U·mg−1 at pH 4.5), while LacA demonstrated this towards gallic acid (1.4 U·mg−1 at pH 4.5). Both Lac5 and LacA were able to efficiently decolorize such dyes as RBBR and Bromcresol Green. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among laccases of Peniophora spp. were reconstructed, and groups of orthologous genes were determined. Based on these groups, all currently available data about laccases of Peniophora spp. were systematized.

scholarly journals Melanin as a Virulence Factor in Different Species of Genus Paracoccidioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Elúzia C. P. Emidio ◽  
Martha E. Urán J. ◽  
Leandro B. R. Silva ◽  
Lucas S. Dias ◽  
Mariana Doprado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a granulomatous systemic mycosis caused by the thermo-dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Melanin production by fungi can affect their pathogenesis and virulence. This study evaluates the production of melanin by different isolates of genus Paracoccidioides and examines how the presence of this polymer affects yeast cell phagocytosis, as well as laccase enzyme production. The results obtained showed that the isolates of genus Paracoccidioides: P. lutzii (Pb01, Pb66, ED01, Pb1578, and Pb8334), P. restrepiensis (PS3-Pb60855), P. brasiliensis (S1-Pb18), and P. americana (PS2-Pbcão) produce melanin in the presence of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). Phagocytosis assays were carried out with peritoneal macrophages from C57Bl/6 mice that were challenged with Pb18, Pb60855, and Pb01. We observed that melanin interferes with phagocytosis in the presence or absence of complement or heat-inactivated serum. This article confirms that different species of the genus Paracoccidioides produce melanin in different magnitudes and that the polymer functions as a virulence factor.

scholarly journals Study of suitable media for laccase synthesis of basidiomycete fungi from Bidoup - Nuiba park and its reactive dye decolorization ability

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Trần Thị Thu Hiền ◽  
Lê Thị Hiền ◽  
Nguyễn Văn Huynh ◽  
Đinh Thị Thu Hằng ◽  
Đặng Thị Cẩm Hà
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Acid Blue ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

A fungal strain FBD154 with high laccase production was isolated from Bidoup-Nui Ba Parks, Lam Đong, Vietnam. FBD154 was identified as Polyporus sp. FBD154 based on traditional method and ITS sequence analysis. Polyporus sp. FBD154 synthesized laccase with high activity 74925 U/l on modified TSH1 (200 g/l containing potato extract, 1 g/l casein, 1 g/l rice bran, 5 g/l soybean meal, 10 g/l manose, 3 g/l NH4Cl, 0.3 mM CuSO4, pH 4). Crude laccase of Polyporus sp. FBD154 was applied to decolor several synthetic and commercial dyes. After 30 min, laccase from Polyporus sp. FBD154 could decolorize synthetic dyes at 100 mg/l concentration with efficiency of 60% acid red (NY1), 18% acid red 299 (NY7), 52% acid blue 281 (NY5) and 83% Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) without mediator. For commercial dyes at concentration of 100 mg/l, color removal efficiency reached to 62% megafix black CLS (CLS) and 72% everzol red LF2B (LF-2B) without mediator. Efficiency of synthetic dye removal by Polyporus sp. FBD154 crude laccase with 200 µM mediator obtained 90% RBBR with violuric acid (VIO) after 30 min; 80% NY5 with hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) for 24 hours; 87% NY1 with acetosyringone (Ace) for 5 min; 92% NY7, 91% LF-2Band 73% CLS with syringaldehyde (Syr) for 5 min. The obtained evidences show that laccase was synthesized by Polyporus sp. FBD154 with high potential for application in wastewater treatment of textile plants in particular as well a sin detoxification of polycyclic aromatic compounds in general.

scholarly journals Flavonoids increase melanin production and reduce proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells by blocking endolysosomal/melanosomal TPC2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponsawan Netcharoensirisuk ◽  
Carla Abrahamian ◽  
Rachel Tang ◽  
Cheng-Chang Chen ◽  
Anna Scotto Rosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Lysosome Related Organelles ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractTwo-pore channel 2 (TPC2) resides in endolysosomal membranes but also in lysosome-related organelles such as the melanin producing melanosomes. Gain-of-function polymorphisms in hTPC2 are associated with decreased melanin production and blond hair color. Vice versa genetic ablation of TPC2 increases melanin production. We show here an inverse correlation between melanin production and melanoma proliferation, migration, and invasion due to the dual activity of TPC2 in endolysosomes and melanosomes. Our results are supported by both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of TPC2. Mechanistically, our data show that loss/block of TPC2 results in reduced protein levels of MITF, a major regulator of melanoma progression, but an increased activity of the melanin-generating enzyme tyrosinase. TPC2 inhibition thus provides a twofold benefit in melanoma prevention and treatment by increasing, through interference with tyrosinase activity, the synthesis of UV blocking melanin in melanosomes and by decreasing MITF-driven melanoma progression by increased GSK3β-mediated MITF degradation.

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