scholarly journals Role of MRI evaluation in acute secondary inability to walk in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sedeek ◽  
K. Aboualfotouh ◽  
S. M. Hassanein ◽  
N. M. Osman ◽  
M. H. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Acute bilateral lower limb weakness is a common problem in children which necessitates a rapid method for diagnosis. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces high-quality images of the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord. Results MRI was very helpful in reaching rapid and prompt diagnosis in children with acute inability to walk. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) were the most common causes in our study. MRI proved to be of high sensitivity in detecting the lesions and reaching the diagnosis in ADEM and GBS; however, there was no significant relation between the lesions’ size, enhancement pattern, and severity of the disease or prognosis, yet in ATM the site of the lesion and number of cord segment affection were significantly related to the severity of the disease and prognosis. Conclusion MRI is a quick tool to reach the diagnosis of children with acute secondary inability to walk, and to eliminate other differential diagnosis which is essential for proper treatment and rapid full recovery. It is highly sensitive in detecting the lesions, their site and size.

Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Encephalomyelitis and Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis Associated with Compound Heterozygous NLRP3 Missense Mutations in a Young Child

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre O'Sullivan ◽  
Michael Moore ◽  
Susan Byrne ◽  
Andreas O. Reiff ◽  
Susanna Felsenstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Childhood Onset

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis in association with extensive longitudinal transverse myelitis is reported in a young child with positive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody with heterozygous NLRP3 missense mutations; p.(Arg488Lys) and p.(Ser159Ile). This case may well present an exceptional coincidence, but may describe a yet unrecognized feature of the spectrum of childhood onset cryopyrinopathies that contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis for anti-MOG antibody positive encephalomyelitis. Based on this observation, a larger scale study investigating the role of NLRP3 and other inflammasomes in this entity would provide important pathophysiological insights and potentially novel avenues for treatment.

scholarly journals Through thick and thin: Diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis through non-invasive multimodality imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110061
Author(s):  
Raja Ezman Raja Shariff ◽  
Hafisyatul Aiza Zainal Abidin ◽  
Sazzli Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Blood ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
High Sensitivity Troponin T

Cardiac amyloidosis is a severely underdiagnosed cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We report a case of highly probable transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) diagnosed through the assistance of non-invasive multimodality imaging. An 81-year-old man presented with worsening dyspnoea, reduced effort tolerance and limb swelling. Examination and bedside investigations demonstrated congestive cardiac failure. On arrival, N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide was 2400 ng/L, and high-sensitivity troponin T was 78 mmol/L. Echocardiography showed severe left and right ventricular hypertrophy, and a Doppler study revealed diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed on non-conventional dark blood sequence an abnormal inversion time for nulling myocardium suggestive of infiltrative disease, including amyloidosis. The patient was referred for nuclear-based studies involving technetium-99m pyrophosphate which demonstrated changes highly diagnostic of ATTR-CA. Early diagnosis of ATTR-CA remains paramount due to the increasing availability of disease-modifying therapies. Current guidelines recognise the role of multimodality imaging in confidently recognising the disease without the need for histological evidence in the appropriate context, providing an alternative means of diagnosis.

scholarly journals CECT in Pulmonary Thrombolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Shaha Pramod ◽  
Ragi Skanda ◽  
Bhoite Amol ◽  
Tamboli Asif ◽  
Gautama Amol
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Associated Conditions

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute heart disease after myocardial infarction and stroke and is a major public health problem. PE is a disease that has high morbidity and mortality, yet it is challenging to obtain a diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to assess the role of MDCT-PA in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and it's associated conditions in suspected cases of pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of radiology in KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY situated in KARAD equipped with a 16 slice MDCT scanner (EMOTION) manufactured by Siemens. Results: Through the study period of one and half year and have met the inclusion criteria, a total of 90 consecutive patients who presented with suspicion of PE were referred for MDCT-PA in the department of radio-diagnosis, Krishna Hospital, Karad. A review of all the cases was done, and the results were presented in the form of tables. Conclusion: Multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography can be used to confidently diagnose pulmonary embolism in which it is not contraindicated. MDCT-PA is the investigation of choice because it is a rapid, non-invasive study, highly sensitive and specific.

scholarly journals Development, characterization and clinical validation of new sensitive immunofluorometric assay for the measurement of serum thyroglobulin

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia C. D. Nakabashi ◽  
Rosa Paula M. Biscolla ◽  
Teresa S. Kasamatsu ◽  
Teresinha T. Tachibana ◽  
Rafaela N. Barcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, data published stressed the role of highly-sensitive thyroglobulin (Tg) assays in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. The present study describes a new, highly-sensitive Tg assay, compares it with an available commercial assay, and validates it in the follow-up of DTC patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The immunofluorometric high-sensitivity Tg assay is based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies produced at our laboratories. It was validated in 100 samples of 87 patients with DTC submitted to total thyroidectomy, 87% of whom also received radioiodine. For correlation, all samples were also tested using a commercial Tg assay (Beckman Access) with functional sensitivity (FS) of 0.1 ng/mL. RESULTS: The new method showed FS of 0.3 ng/mL. The correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.74; p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity was 88.9%, and it was increased to 100% when combined with neck US. CONCLUSION: This new, high-sensitivity Tg assay presented a good correlation with Beckman Access assay and with the clinical outcome of the patients. The continuous availability of a validated assay is an additional advantage for long term follow-up of DTC patients. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):658-65

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Adolescents: The Relationship Between Weekly Life Events and Weekly Socioemotional Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Iimura
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research into Person x Environment interaction has supported the view that sensitivity to environmental influences is a susceptibility factor rather than a vulnerability factor. Given this perspective, this study examined the role of the adolescent’s sensory-processing sensitivity in the context of weekly life events and weekly socioemotional well-being. In the study, 114 adolescents repeatedly self-reported their sensitivity, recent life events, and recent socioemotional well-being in four surveys at one-week intervals. The results suggested the shape of Sensitivity x Life Events interaction significantly varied from week to week, which is consistent with the vantage sensitivity and diathesis-stress framework. In specific weeks, adolescents with high sensitivity are more likely to benefit from positive events than those with low sensitivity. These sensitive adolescents can be described as developmentally susceptibility rather than vulnerability.

scholarly journals DNAzyme-Based Target-Triggered Rolling-Circle Amplification for High Sensitivity Detection of microRNAs

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Jialun Han ◽  
Lujian Zhou ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Jie Du
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

MicroRNAs regulate and control the growth and development of cells and can play the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which are involved in the occurrence and development of cancers. In this study, DNA fragments obtained by target-induced rolling-circle amplification were constructed to complement with self-cleaving deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) and release fluorescence biomolecules. This sensing approach can affect multiple signal amplification permitting fluorescence detection of microRNAs at the pmol L−1 level hence affording a simple, highly sensitive, and selective low cost detection platform.

scholarly journals The role of combined diffusion weighted imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the differential diagnosis of obstructive biliary disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Rabie ◽  
Ahmed Mohallel ◽  
Samer Saad Bessa ◽  
Ahmed Hafez ◽  
Amr Magdy El-Abd
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Background The aim of this retrospective study was to highlight the role of adding DWI to the conventional MRCP in differentiating benign and malignant obstructive biliary pathologies. MRCP is a non-invasive modality for investigating the morphological features of the pancreaticobiliary system. It can provide indirect evidence of a malignant lesion, such as irregularity of the inner border and abrupt stenosis, with shouldering of the edge suggesting cholangiocarcinoma, while a short segment with regular margin and symmetric narrowing suggests a benign cause. Although these findings are highly sensitive, they are not specific. DWI can complement morphological information obtained by conventional MRCP by providing additional functional information concerning the alteration of tissue cellularity due to pathological processes. Results The overall accuracy of the diagnosis, sensitivity, and specificity of the conventional MRCP in differentiation between the benign and malignant biliary structures was significantly increased by combing it with the DWI. Conclusions Adding DWI to conventional MRCP significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy regarding the characterization of differentiating benign and malignant biliary strictures.

Ultrasound and alternative multimodality imaging of intra-abdominal and pelvic cystic masses in the newborn

Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2098481
Author(s):  
Weiyong Lee ◽  
Margaret YW Lee ◽  
Harvey Teo
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dysplastic Kidney ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Cystic Masses

Introduction: Ultrasound is used commonly to detect and diagnose intra-abdominal and pelvic cystic masses in the newborn as it is easily available, relatively low cost, and non-invasive. Discussion: The diagnosis can be made or narrowed down by determining the location, size, sonographic features, organ involvement, and internal vascularity. The differential diagnoses include hydronephrosis, multicystic dysplastic kidney, adrenal haemorrhage, cystic teratomas, ovarian cysts, enteric cysts, meconium cysts, and liver haemangiomas. With the appropriate radiological knowledge, the ultrasound practitioner can help obtain an accurate diagnosis. Conclusion: This pictorial essay will familiarise the reader with the different common causes of intra-abdominal and pelvic masses detected on ultrasound through a wide range of conditions. The role of ultrasound in the evaluation of these conditions will be discussed and alternative imaging correlates will be offered.

scholarly journals Role of Saliva as a Viable Bio Sample for COVID-19 Detection

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Rabia Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been promptly spreading to different countries becoming a global pandemic, to the reports of the World Health Organization (WHO). Sufficient immune responses over whelming the virus in the first or second phase without immune over-reaction can be seen in patients with competent immune functions and no obvious risk factors like old age, co-morbidities, etc. There is high sensitivity and specificity of saliva specimens in detecting respiratory viruses by an automated multiplex molecular assay while comparing with those of nasopharyngeal aspirate. The beneficial role of saliva as a quick and non-invasive diagnostic bio sample has been established.</p>

scholarly journals Application of magnetoelectric sensors in biomedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2052 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
V S Leontiev ◽  
V N Lobekin ◽  
A F Saplev ◽  
E A Zueva ◽  
E E Ivasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Magnetoelectric Effect ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Magnetic Noise ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Magnetoelectric Sensors

Abstract The prospects of applying highly sensitive magnetic field sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect in biomedicine are discussed in this paper. When developing highly sensitive magnetic field sensors, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the equivalent magnetic noise, as well as the mass and size dimensions and ease of use of the system that the sensor is included in. One of the most relevant areas discussed in the article is the application of magnetoelectric magnetic field sensors for magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, etc. These methods are non-invasive, have high sensitivity and are easy to use. They also have wide opportunities in detecting weak biomagnetic signals when examining the state of the human body and providing the necessary assistance.

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