scholarly journals Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of resectability of pancreatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Elsayed Mohammed Azzaz ◽  
Mohamed Shawky Abdullah ◽  
Rehab Mohammed Habib
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Developed Nations

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most significant causes and one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms in the world of cancer death in the developed nations. It was named the “silent killer” for its quiet course, late clinical presentation, and the trend of rapid growth. The aim of this study is to detect the reliability of multidetector CT (MDCT) as diagnostic tool in assessing the possibility of eradicating pancreatic cancer. Results Twenty-four patients (57%) were not suitable for surgery with non-resectable mass; the remaining eighteen patients (43%) were considered suitable according to MDCT criteria for surgical resection of the tumor. Fourteen out of the sixteen patients (87.5%) had a successful removal of the lump, while the remaining two cases (12.5%) during surgery, the mass was unresectable. The results of the pathology specimens showed that fourteen out of the fourteen patients (100%) had successful operation with no cancer cells in the margin, and a positive predictive value of 87.5% and accuracy of 89.47%. Conclusions The advancement of MDCT expertise improves the outcome of pancreatic cancer resectability.

scholarly journals Globalisation and mental disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Anastasia Mastrogianni
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Idioms Of Distress ◽  
Pathways To Care ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

BackgroundGlobalisation is the process by which traditional boundaries of cultures are changing. Industrialisation, urbanisation and influence of the media are influencing idioms of distress across cultures.AimsTo discuss the role of globalisation, using the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of depression across various cultures as an example.MethodRecent studies focusing on transcultural aspects of depression were reviewed and summarised.ResultsCultural, social and religious mores account for variations in the presentation of depression across cultures. Somatic symptoms are common presenting features throughout the world and may serve as cultural idioms of distress, but psychological symptoms can usually be found when probed. Feelings of guilt and suicide rates vary across cultures and depression may be underdiagnosed.ConclusionsTraining packages could enhance clinicians' cultural competency in multicultural settings. However, globalisation is likely to influence idioms of distress and pathways to care in ways that are difficult to predict.

scholarly journals International migration and development: perspective from origin countries of migrants

2015 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
International Level ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Development Perspective ◽  
Migration And Development

This paper seeks to critically analyze the role of migration to carry out development in origin countries of migrants. Now, migration and development; development in the origin of migrants’ is being widely discussed among governmental and non-governmental institutions in the world. At the same time the flow of migrants’ from economically less developed nations or regions to more developed nations or regions have been increased significantly. The volume of remittances also has been increased every year. Some countries adopted the policy of labour export since a long period of time but there is no achievement in development in the countries. The aim of this paper is to relate achievement in development of migrants’ origin countries with remittances with the help of available literature. The existing debate on migration and development is also a part of review of this paper. The migration-development relationship is complex and multidimensional, and that there is variation from one context to another with differences in the nature of migration and in the economic, political and social situations in origin and destination. It would be problematic and insufficient to analyze migration process and its consequences with the help of any single theory or approach of migration, because migration process has far reaching effects on national and international level and varies differently for different part of world on the basis of achievement on social, political, and economic development.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v15i1-2.11865Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 15 & 16 No. 1-2, pp. 60-75 

scholarly journals PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DO CÂNCER DE PÂNCREAS NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2018.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Luca Bontempo ◽  
Gabriela Costa Jácome ◽  
Evandro Leite Bitencourt
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objetivo: O câncer de pâncreas possui alta taxa de mortalidade e uma baixa taxa de sobrevida, sendo o estudo de sua epidemiologia fundamental para o desenvolvimento de políticas que favoreçam o diagnóstico precoce. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de pâncreas na região Norte do Brasil no período de 2010 a 2018. Método: O estudo epidemiológico apresenta natureza descritiva e foi realizado por meio da coleta de dados disponíveis no Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS) no período de 2010 a 2018 dos sete estados da Região Norte do Brasil. Verificou-se o número total, por sexo e idade de casos de neoplasias malignas do pâncreas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2.080 casos durante o período analisado, percebendo-se um aumento significativo na incidência dessa neoplasia na região. O número de internações foi maior em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais e no sexo masculino, com exceção dos estados do Amazonas e Pará em que foi maior no sexo feminino. O estado de Rondônia apresentou um maior aumento da taxa de incidência, que passou de 0,84 em 2010 para 5,88 em 2018, enquanto no Amapá observou-se um decréscimo desse valor (de 1,75 para 1,48). Conclusão: A incidência dos casos na região Norte dobrou no período avaliado sendo, em geral, mais comum em homens com 60 anos ou mais. No ano de 2018, a incidência no estado de Rondônia ultrapassou as estimativas mundiais para esse câncer. Destaca-se a importância dos dados encontrados por esse estudo que podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento de medidas de saúde pública relacionadas ao tema.   Palavras-chave: Neoplasias pancreáticas; Epidemiologia; Incidência. ABSTRACT Objective: Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and a low survival rate, and its epidemiology study is fundamental for the development of policies that will favor an early diagnosis. Thus, the objective of the present study is to describe the epidemiological profile of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the northern region of Brazil from 2010 to 2018. Method: The epidemiological study is descriptive and was performed through the collection of available data in the Electronic Information Department of SUS (DATASUS), from 2010 to 2018 including seven states of the Northern Region of Brazil. The total number, by sex and age, of cases of malignant neoplasms of pancreas was verified. Results: A total of 2080 cases were found during the analyzed period, with a significant increase in the incidence of this neoplasia in the region. The number of hospitalizations was higher in individuals who were 60 years of age or older and males, except for the states of Amazonas and Pará, where it was higher among females. The state of Rondônia presented a higher increase in the incidence rate, which increased from 0.84 in 2010 to 5.88 in 2018, while in Amapá there was a decrease of this value (from 1.75 to 1.48). Conclusion: The incidence of cases in the Northern region doubled in the evaluated period and, in general, it is more common in men aged 60 years or older. In 2018, the incidence in the state of Rondônia exceeded the world estimates for this cancer. The importance of the data found by this study is of grand importance once that may contribute to the development of public health measures related to the theme. Keywords: Pancreatic Neoplasms; Epidemiology; Incidence.

Intergovernmental Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-432
Author(s):  
Klaus Armingeon
Keyword(s):  
Welfare States ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
National Welfare ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This survey reviews the role of intergovernmental organizations (IO) in domestic social policy. It first describes those IOs which are most relevant for national welfare states in developed nations: the World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). Then it deals with the modes and means by which IOs attempt to have an impact on national welfare states. Five channels of influence are identified: resources, constraints, standards, evaluations, and ideas and information. The final section looks into the impact of IOs on national welfare states, the strategic interactions between IOs and domestic political actors (including blame shifting in the multi-level system), and uploading of national policies to the international level. The question of soft versus hard law, and the shift to soft law, as well as the democratic deficit on the level of IOs, are discussed.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Laboratory Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Rikarni Rikarni
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Multistep Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Aggressive Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the eleventh cause of cancer death in Indonesia in 2020. However, pancreatic cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States after lung cancer. Although it is substantially less common than the other malignancies, pancreatic carcinoma is near the top of the list of killers because it is a highly aggressive cancer. Pancreatic cancer has multistep carcinogenesis, starting from the Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasia (PanINs IA, IB, II, and III) and is ended with an invasive neoplastic lesion. The different incidence of pancreatic cancer between countries also shows the important role of environmental factors for the disease. A better understanding of the risk factors, genetics, molecular pathogenesis, symptoms associated with this disease, and the laboratory aspect is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population as the potential preventive and/or early detection measures.

scholarly journals Minimally invasive technologies for ablation of pancreatic malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
P. S. Vetshev ◽  
A. V. Chzhao ◽  
D. A. Ionkin ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
O. I. Zhavoronkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Ultrasound Ablation ◽  
Single Approach

Minimally invasive ablative technologies is a promising direction in the treatment of some cancer patients including pancreatic cancer. Cryodestruction, radiofrequency ablation, irreversible electroporation and ultrasound ablation show encouraging results regarding destruction of tumor tissue, cytoreduction. These methods are associated with small number of complications and relatively easy to tolerate by patients. However, there is no single approach to their use in the complex treatment of these patients. Accumulation of data followed by comparative analysis of various ablation techniques is being carried out in many specialized clinics of the world including national hospitals. Ablation mechanisms of technologies, literature data and the authors' own experience in the treatment of pancreatic cancer are reported in the article. Further randomized prospective trials are required to determine the role of ablation methods in the complex treatment of tumors of parenchymal organs including pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lan ◽  
Siyuan Zeng ◽  
Robert Grützmann ◽  
Christian Pilarsky
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers in the world, as a consequence of late diagnosis, early metastasis and limited response to chemotherapy, under which conditions the potential mechanism of pancreatic cancer progression requires further study. Exosomes are membrane vesicles which are important in the progression, metastasis and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, they have been verified to be potential as biomarkers, targets and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, studying the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer is significant. This paper focuses on the role of exosomes in the proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance, as well as their potential applications for pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Role of Coxiella burnetii in the development of fever of unknown origin: А mini review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-265
Author(s):  
P. Genova-Kalou ◽  
S. Ivanova ◽  
A. Pavlova ◽  
K. Simeonov ◽  
D. Pencheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The World

Q fever is a widespread zoonosis throughout the world in the form of numerous natural and agricul-tural outbreaks. C. burnetii infects various hosts, including humans, ruminants and pets and in rare cases, reptiles, birds, and ticks. This bacterium is excreted in urine, milk, faeces, and birth products. In humans Q fever occurs as acute or chronic disease with diverse clinical presentation, as isolated cases and epidemics. It affects various organs and systems, and in pregnant women can cause miscar-riage or premature birth. Untreated Q fever can become chronic with adverse effects on patients. Diversity in the clinical picture in the absence of specific pathological syndrome often hinders accurate diagnosis and proper etiological significance. Therefore, improvement of diagnostic methods and in particular the development and introduction of new molecular diagnostic methods is the basis of effective therapeutic and prophylactic approach. Тhe purpose of the review is to renew the interest to Q fever – on one hand, because of its serious impact on human health and agricultural systems, and on the other, the ability for development and introduction of new molecular diagnostic methods.

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