scholarly journals Analysis methodology and assessment indices of vulnerability for asphalt pavement in cold regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongxu Wang ◽  
Xianyong Ma ◽  
Huanyu Li ◽  
Zejiao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAsphalt pavement structures in cold regions, which suffer from complicated environmental and geological conditions, such as large temperature difference and frozen soil, are prone to cracking, rutting, and moisture damage. However, most of the existing assessment methodologies focus on the vulnerability of the overall road traffic network, ignoring the impact of regional differences and pavements’ structural performance. To establish a highly targeted vulnerability analysis methodology for cold regional asphalt pavements, the concept of highway vulnerability and the assessment model composed of exposure, fragility, and resilience were proposed in this paper firstly. Meanwhile, the assessment indices and standards for exposure, fragility, and resilience were respectively discussed. Then, the calculation process for each index weight and vulnerability index was proposed based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive assessment methodology. Consequently, the vulnerability grade of asphalt pavements in cold regions could be determined. Finally, the vulnerability assessment indices and methodology for cold regional asphalt pavements were illustrated and presented, providing a theoretical basis for asphalt pavement performance evaluation and vulnerability assessment serviced under cold regional climate.

RAHU Project: Assessing water security and climate change adaptation strategies in the glaciated Vilcanota-Urubamba river basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Rau ◽  
Wouter Buytaert ◽  
Fabian Drenkhan ◽  
Waldo Lavado ◽  
Juan Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

<p>The Peruvian Andes are a hotspot of vulnerabilities to impacts in water resources due to the propensity for water stress, the highly unpredictable weather, the sensitivity of glaciers, and the socio-economic vulnerability of its population. In this context, we selected the Vilcanota-Urubamba catchment in Southern Peru for addressing these challenges aiming at our objectives within a particular hydrological high-mountain context in the tropical Andes: a) Develop a fully-distributed, physically-based glacier surface energy balance model that allows for a realistic representation of glacier dynamics in glacier melt projections; b) Design and implement a glacio-hydrological monitoring and data collection approach to quantify non-glacial contributions to water resources and the impact of catchments interventions; c) Mapping of human water use at high spatiotemporal resolution and determining current and future levels of water (in)security; and d) Integrate last objectives in a glacier - water security assessment model and evaluate the tool's capacity to support locally embedded climate change adaptation strategies. </p><p>The RAHU project intends to transform the scientific understanding of the impact of glacier shrinkage on water security and, at the same time, to connect to and inform policy practices in Peru. It follows a "source to tap" paradigm, in which is planned to deliver a comprehensive and fully integrated water resources vulnerability assessment framework for glacier-fed basins, comprising state-of-the-art glaciology, hydrology, water demand characterisation, and water security assessment. It includes glacio-hydrological and water resources monitoring campaigns, to complement existing monitoring efforts of our project partners and collaborators, and new remotely sensed data sets. Those campaigns will be implemented using the principles and tools of participatory monitoring and knowledge co-creation that our team has pioneered in the tropical Andes. The datasets produced by this approach, combined with existing monitoring implemented by our team and collaborators, will allow us to build an integrated water supply-demand-vulnerability assessment model for glacierized basins, and to use this to evaluate adaptation strategies at the local scale. </p><p>This research is part of the multidisciplinary collaboration between British and Peruvian scientists (Newton Fund, Newton-Paulet).</p>

scholarly journals A Security Assessment Model for Electrical Power Grid SCADA System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 763-773
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

Due to the wide application of SCADA systems in national critical infrastructure, their cyber security issues and vulnerabilities have been a primary concern; whereas, the impact and consequences of cyber-attacks to these systems have the potential to result in catastrophic consequences in the physical domain. Therefore, estimating possible attack impacts and identifying system vulnerabilities are major concern in SCADA management and operations. However, it is quite difficult to plan, execute and review vulnerability analysis in critical infrastructure systems as well as in industrial control systems (such as SCADA system) due to its complexity, large-scale and heterogeneity. Consequently, a consistent domain-specific conceptual model is required to establish a generic framework for cyber security analysis to examine and investigate security threats on cyber-physical systems, the role of the entities within the system as well as system operations. The main contribution of this work is to present a multi-facets model to support cyber security analysis practices such as penetration testing, vulnerability assessment and risk analysis. The proposed model presents a common insight among different SCADA configurations, implementations and the employed protocols to handle its complexity, heterogeneous and scale. To demonstrate the usability as a proof of concept and applicability of the proposed model, the paper also presents an example illustrating how the proposed model can be employed to carry out security vulnerability assessment.

scholarly journals Improving distributed vulnerability assessment model of cybersecurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Kálmán Hadarics ◽  
Ferenc Leitold
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Security Software ◽  
The Impact

In the digital age more and more services and data are available over the Internet. Companies and public organizations becoming increasingly vulnerable related to hacks and cyberattacks. In order to provide successful online services, effective security initiatives and targeted protections are necessary to mitigate security risks. Effective cybersecurity more than deploying firewalls and other security software (e.g. antivirus, intrusion detection/prevention systems.). Through risk assessment and risk management practices we can identify critical parts of information systems and can transform them into security tactics. Furthermore in the Distributed Vulnerability Assessment (DVA) model three factors are identified: (1) characteristics and prevalence of cyber-threats, (2) vulnerabilities of IT infrastructure and its components and processes, (3) vulnerabilities deriving from users’ behavior. In this paper, we examine and improve our mathematical model of Distributed Vulnerability Assessment. This model can be extended for using additional information and considerations. This paper also presents a practical method which can be applied to eGovernment infrastructure and services also to reduce the impact of malware attacks of the information system.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Analysis of Soft Caving Tunnel Support System and Surrounding Rock Optimal Control Technology Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ming Ji ◽  
Hongjun Guo ◽  
Yidong Zhang ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Yinlin Ji
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Tunnel Support ◽  
Human Attributes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process

The vulnerability assessment model, composed by 11 vulnerability factors, is established with the introduction of the concept of “vulnerability” into the assessment of tunnel support system. Analytic hierarchy process is utilized to divide these 11 factors into human attributes and natural attributes, and define the weight of these factors for the model. The “vulnerability” applied io the assessment of the tunnel support system model is reached. The vulnerability assessment model was used for evaluating and modifying the haulage tunnel #3207 of Bo-fang mine panel #2. The results decreased the vulnerability of the tunnel support system and demonstrated acceptable effects. Furthermore, the results show that the impact of human attributes on tunnel support systems is dramatic under the condition that natural attributes are permanent, and the “vulnerability” is exactly a notable factor to manifest the transformation during this process. The results also indicate that optimizing human attributes can attenuate vulnerability in tunnel support systems. As a result, enhancement of stability of tunnel support systems can be achieved.

A Fracture Mechanics Based Parametric Study of the Copper-to-Copper Direct Thermo-Compression Bonded Interface Using Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah-Young Park ◽  
Satish Chaparala ◽  
Seungbae Park
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Bonding Interface ◽  
Interface Condition ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Bonded Interface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Element Method

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is expected to overcome the limitations of I/O density and helps in enhancing system performance of conventional flip chip packages. One of the challenges for producing reliable TSV packages is the stacking and joining of thin wafers or dies. In the case of the conventional solder interconnections, many reliability issues arise at the interface between solder and copper bump. As an alternative solution, Cu-Cu direct thermo-compression bonding (CuDB) is a possible option to enable three-dimension (3D) package integration. CuDB has several advantages over the solder based micro bump joining, such as reduction in soldering process steps, enabling higher interconnect density, enhanced thermal conductivity and decreased concerns about intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation. Critical issue of CuDB is bonding interface condition. After the bonding process, Cu-Cu direct bonding interface is obtained. However, several researchers have reported small voids at the bonded interface. These defects can act as an initial crack which may lead to eventual fracture of the interface. The fracture could happen due to the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch between the substrate and the chip during the postbonding process, board level reflow or thermal cycling with large temperature changes. In this study, a quantitative assessment of the energy release rate has been made at the CuDB interface during temperature change finite element method (FEM). A parametric study is conducted to analyze the impact of the initial crack location and the material properties of surrounding materials. Finally, design recommendations are provided to minimize the probability of interfacial delamination in CuDB.

scholarly journals Case study of a water bioengineering construction site in Austria. Ecological aspects and application of an environmental life cycle assessment model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von der Thannen ◽  
S. Hoerbinger ◽  
C. Muellebner ◽  
H. Biber ◽  
H. P. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractRecently, applications of soil and water bioengineering constructions using living plants and supplementary materials have become increasingly popular. Besides technical effects, soil and water bioengineering has the advantage of additionally taking into consideration ecological values and the values of landscape aesthetics. When implementing soil and water bioengineering structures, suitable plants must be selected, and the structures must be given a dimension taking into account potential impact loads. A consideration of energy flows and the potential negative impact of construction in terms of energy and greenhouse gas balance has been neglected until now. The current study closes this gap of knowledge by introducing a method for detecting the possible negative effects of installing soil and water bioengineering measures. For this purpose, an environmental life cycle assessment model has been applied. The impact categories global warming potential and cumulative energy demand are used in this paper to describe the type of impacts which a bioengineering construction site causes. Additionally, the water bioengineering measure is contrasted with a conventional civil engineering structure. The results determine that the bioengineering alternative performs slightly better, in terms of energy demand and global warming potential, than the conventional measure. The most relevant factor is shown to be the impact of the running machines at the water bioengineering construction site. Finally, an integral ecological assessment model for applications of soil and water bioengineering structures should point out the potential negative effects caused during installation and, furthermore, integrate the assessment of potential positive effects due to the development of living plants in the use stage of the structures.

scholarly journals Forest and Society’s Welfare: Impact Assessment in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5598
Author(s):  
Stasys Mizaras ◽  
Diana Lukmine
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Five Dimensional Model ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
The Impact

Effective formation and implementation of forest policy can only be achieved with orientation to the most important goal—increasing society’s welfare. The global problem is, at present, that the impact of forests on society welfare indexes have not been identified. The aim of the study is to design an assessment model and assess the impact of Lithuanian forests on the society welfare index. The impact of forests was determined by multiplying the country’s welfare of society index by the forest contribution coefficient. In this study, to assess the index of the welfare of Lithuanian society, a five-dimensional model with 16 indicators was applied. The study is based on the Eurostat database and on Lithuanian forestry statistics. The Lithuanian welfare of society index calculated according to the model was 51.4% and the contribution of forests in this index was 3.9%. It represented 7.6% of the index of the welfare of society. Forests have the greatest impact in the environmental dimension, according to the assessment results.

scholarly journals USMED: broadening the impact of simulation analysis methodology

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Barton ◽  
L.W. Schruben ◽  
J.C. Ford ◽  
D. Hopkins ◽  
D. Goldsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Impact

Classification, Causes of Tunnel Frost Damages in Cold Region and Several New Technologies to Prevent them

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1504-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ji ◽  
Kang Cheng Lu ◽  
Chao Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Drainage Pipe

This paper classifies the tunnel frost damages and discusses their causes, especially the causes of lining structural damage for freezing and they are classified into two categories: the outer freezing damage and the inner freezing damage of lining. The analysis shows that the former has a little effect on the structure, but the latter has big threat. For the phenomenon that cracks frequently occur in the tunnel lining of cold regions, some measures to prevent cracks are presented, including reducing adverse constraints in the process of temperature change and preventing large temperature stress. In cold regions, it is unsuitable to adopt back paste-type water-stops to prevent the leakage from lining construction joints, and a good choice is to utilize the buried drainage water-stops. The ring drainage pipes directly connect with the central drainage pipe, and thermal insulating layer with belt shape is set along the ring drainage pipes in some sections where surrounding rock is water-rich and the middle and lower part of the ring drainage pipe are easily frozen. In sections with high potential freezing threat, an anti-freezing plan is offered that electric heating wires are installed behind the lining wall. The test shows that above techniques have good effects in cold region tunnels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document