scholarly journals Retrospective study of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in Giza Governorate during the period of 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Rabea Abd El Malik ◽  
Amany Ezz Elarab Abd El Wahab ◽  
Heba H. Eltrawy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Middle Aged Male

Abstract Background Tuberculosis in Egypt is a main public health problem. Egypt is categorized among the mid-level incidence countries. The objective of this work is to study the epidemiology of TB in Giza Governorate during the period from 2014 to 2018. Results This study revealed that the total number of TB cases in Giza Governorate during the period from 2014 to 2018 was 3357 (2035 males and 1322 females including 199 children) with the highest number of cases in 2017 (n=770 cases). The highest incidence occurred in the age group 18–65 years (86.3%%, 78.8%, 83.8%, 84.2%, and 87.1%) and male gender (56.8%, 62.8%, 59.9%, 61.3%, and 61.5%) during the study period, respectively, and in urban residence, the higher percentage occurred in PTB than EPTB in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2018 (66.2%, 58.9%, 57.3%, and 55.5%), respectively, while the incidence of the extra PTB was higher than PTB in 2017 (51.6% versus 48.4%). The increased incidence of new cases (92.9%, 89.6%, 92.7%, 91.8%, and 92.9%) during the 5 studied years are smear-positive and cure outcome (86.3%, 87.7%, 88.7%, 83.4%, and 83.4%, respectively) Conclusion Young, middle-aged male, and new smear-positive cases were highest in percentage. The highest percentage of PTB (66.2%) was registered in 2014, and the highest percentage of EPTB (51.6%) was registered in 2017. The increased percentage of cure outcome was during the period from 2014 to 2018 in Giza Governorate.

scholarly journals Ten years experience with Jorge Lobo's disease in the state of Acre, Amazon region, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
William John Woods ◽  
Andréa de Faria Fernandes Belone ◽  
Léia Borges Carneiro ◽  
Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

Jorge Lobo's disease is a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis that affects patients in the Amazon region. The number of patients is relatively small, but the real situation of the disease as public health problem is not known, because Jorge Lobo's disease is not a notifiable disease. This study aims to report the clinical evolution in patients affected and to determine the prevalence and areas of occurrence of the disease. A retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of the clinical records, which included a collection of photographs of patients in the Department of Sanitary Dermatology, in Rio Branco, and patients seen in the interior of the state. In a decade, in Rio Branco, 249 cases of the disease were reported, 30 were females and 219 males. Of these patients, 153 had localized lesions, 94 of them were on one ear, 55 had multifocal lesions and 41 had disseminated lesions. The average time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 19 years. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 53 years, and ages ranged from 14 to 96 years.

scholarly journals Outdoor Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Neglected Public Health Problem

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Theresa H.M. Keegan ◽  
Barbara Sternfeld ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Charles P. Quesenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
School Based ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8-12 . Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates. Results During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of registered meningitis cases by notification region in Brazil in the period of 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Hora Gomes de Sá ◽  
Anna Carolina Moreira Silva Souza ◽  
Catharine Conceição Martinez Garcia ◽  
Liz Lustoza Brandão ◽  
Ricardo Britto Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Meningitis is a brazilian public health problem due to annual outbreaks¹. Meningitis morbimortality rate is still relevant and the epidemiological description contributes to preventive actions¹,². Objectives: Describe the epidemiological profile of meningitis cases reported by region in Brazil between 2015-2020. Design and setting: A retrospective descriptive study of meningitis cases. The data were obtained from Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Methods: Information on age, sex, race, etiology, serogroup and case evolution were collected. Results: Between 2015-2020, 87,189 cases of meningitis were reported, among which 58.9% were male. The majority of cases occurred in the Southeast (53.8%). The white race stood out in the South and Southeast, and the mixed race in the North, Northeast and Midwest. The 20-29 age group was the most prevalent, with the exception of the Southeast, where the predominance was 1-4-year-olds. Viral meningitis was the most frequent (47.2%), except in the Midwest, where non-primary meningitis (31.1%) was the main agent. Serotype C (57.8%) was the most prevalent across all regions. Hospital discharge was the main evolution (77.5%), especially in South (79.6%) and Southeast (77.5%). However, the highest death rate occurred in the North (14,6%) and Midwest (12.2%). Conclusions: Male and young people are more affected by meningitis. Despite a higher incidence in the Southeast region, the North has a higher proportion of deaths, revealing a public health problem.

scholarly journals VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
ALTAF PERVEZ QASIM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ANWER SULEHRI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Background: Violence against women is an important public health problem. It has global significance regarding violation of human rights. Violence is an important risk factor related to ill health of women, having far reaching consequences affecting physical, social, mental and reproductive health of the victims. Objectives: To study the various types of interpersonal violence against women and find out the magnitude of physical violence and sexual assault among the victims. Study Design: A descriptive hospital record based study. Setting & Duration: The study was conducted from January to December 2005 in casualty out patient department of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College (PMC), Faisalabad. Methodology: Total 286 cases of violence, who reported for medico-legal examination during calendar year 2005, were included in the study. The cases of physical violence / sexual assault were examined in detail. Findings were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among total 286 cases, 221 (77%) victims were married, and commonly involved age group was 21–30 years accounting for 82 (28.68%) victims. Blunt trauma was sustained by 193 (67.50%) victims, sharp edged weapon affected 17 (6.0%) cases, firearm bears the responsibility in 13 (4.54%) victims, a mix pattern of injuries by sharp / blunt objects was observed in 8(2.80%) females and (1.75%) women were said to be burnt. Forty-three (15%) cases were reported as victims of alleged sexual assault with peak incidence during 2nd decade of life in age group 11–20 years involving 23 (53.5%) cases. Among total 43 cases of sexual assault, 27 (63%) victims belonged to rural areas. Twenty Eight (65%) unmarried girls were subjected to sexual assault. In 43 sexual assault victims, semen was detected in 28 (65%) cases, 13 (30%) cases were negative; whereas reports of 2 (5%) cases were not available in the record. Conclusions: The cases of physical violence are common in Faisalabad and incidence of sexual assault is higher in rural areas more commonly affecting the unmarried young girls. There is need to attend this public health problem with concrete efforts to stop the violence against women & reduce the incidence of sexual assaults. 

Policy brief on improving access to artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria in Burkina Faso

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bocar Kouyaté ◽  
Victor Nana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Children Under 5

Malaria is a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Statistics from health facilities in 2006 show that 40.1 percent of medical consultations, 53.4 percent of hospital admissions, and 45.8 percent of deaths are malaria related (2). Malaria among children under 5 years of age accounted for 46 percent of all cases in 2004, 49 percent in 2005 and 48 percent in 2006. In the same age group, malaria was the cause of 66.4 percent of deaths in 2004, 62.0 percent in 2005 and 62.7 percent in 2006.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Saads Carvalho ◽  
Helen Moura Kehrle ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 12-15-year-old students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil before starting a program of artificial fluoridation of drinking water. The use of fluoridated dentifrice was also surveyed. A sample of 1,402 students was randomly selected. However, 31 students refused to participate and 257 were not permanent residents in João Pessoa, thus leaving a final sample of 1,114 students. Clinical exams were carried out by two calibrated dentists (Kappa = 0.78) under natural indirect light. Upper and lower front teeth were cleaned with gauze and dried, and then examined using the TF index for fluorosis. A questionnaire on dentifrice ingestion and oral hygiene habits was applied to the students. The results revealed that fluorosis prevalence in this age group was higher than expected (29.2%). Most fluorosis cases were TF = 1 (66.8%), and the most severe cases were TF = 4 (2.2%). The majority of the students reported that they had been using fluoridated dentifrices since childhood; 95% of the participants preferred brands with a 1,500 ppm F concentration, and 40% remembered that they usually ingested or still ingest dentifrice during brushing. It was concluded that dental fluorosis prevalence among students in João Pessoa is higher than expected for an area with non-fluoridated water. However, although most students use fluoridated dentifrices, and almost half ingest slurry while brushing, the majority of cases had little aesthetic relevance from the professionals' point of view, thus suggesting that fluorosis is not a public health problem in the locality.

scholarly journals Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
School Based

Abstract BackgroundUnintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; being the leading cause of death among them throughout the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using the data of the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted, using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected, using probability proportional to school enrollment size, out of all schools that have 8-12 grades in the country. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. Weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates.ResultsDuring the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured once or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wound (5.5%), followed by broken bone/dislocated joint (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help the policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration while designing school-based interventions in order to prevent adolescent injuries.

scholarly journals Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Nepalgunj Medical College

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Shyam Kumar B.K. ◽  
S. D. Bassi ◽  
S. Baral ◽  
A. Shah ◽  
A. Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is a potentially fatal vector-borne (sand fly phlebotomies spp) zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmaniadonovani. Kala-azar remains a public health problem in Nepal. The patient presented with a history of high-grade fever, abdominal distension, anemia, and weight loss. The disease is preventable, but various environmental, socioeconomic, health care and health behavior related variables affect its transmission. Objective: Find out the incidence of Kala-azar infection in Nepalgunj medical college. Method: This Hospital based study. Data was collected from April 2018to August 2018. Blood sample collected and test rk39 performed in laboratory of Nepalgunj Medical College Kohalpur. Result: Among 75 patients 16 were diagnosed kala-azar, rk39 positive 14 males and 2 females respectively. It is 12% of total cases. Among 16cases male are 14 and 2 are females. 85.7% male and 12.3% female. Age group between 15-30 years (31.25%), 31-45 years (25%), 46-60 years(18.75%), 61-75 years (12.5%), 76-85 years (12.5%). young people's age group 15-30 years are commonly infected. Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) cases are still major health problem in Nepal. There should be regular surveillance research work to be carried out in both epidemic and non-epidemic districts of the country. Mass public health education, to make the people aware about preventive aspects of the disease is important.

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