scholarly journals Improvised centrifugal spinning for the production of polystyrene microfibers from waste expanded polystyrene foam and its potential application for oil adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Laurence M. Budlayan ◽  
Jonathan N. Patricio ◽  
Jeanne Phyre Lagare-Oracion ◽  
Susan D. Arco ◽  
Arnold C. Alguno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Short Contact Time ◽  
Centrifugal Spinning ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Oil Adsorption ◽  
Polymeric Waste ◽  
Straightforward Approach

AbstractA straightforward approach to recycle waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam to produce polystyrene (PS) microfibers using the improvised centrifugal spinning technique is demonstrated in this work. A typical benchtop centrifuge was improvised and used as a centrifugal spinning device. The obtained PS microfibers were characterized for their potential application for oil adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed similarity on the transmission bands of EPS foam and PS microfibers suggesting the preservation of the EPS foam’s chemical composition after the centrifugal spinning process. Scanning electron microscopy displayed well-defined fibers with an average diameter of 3.14 ± 0.59 μm. At the same time, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the presence of carbon and oxygen as the primary components of the fibers. Contact angle (θCA) measurements showed the more enhanced hydrophobicity of the PS microfiber (θCA = 100.2 ± 1.3°) compared to the untreated EPS foam (θCA = 92.9 ± 3.5°). The PS microfiber also displayed better oleophilicity compared to EPS foam. Finally, the fabricated PS microfibers demonstrated promising potential for oil removal in water with a calculated sorption capacity value of about 15.5 g/g even at a very short contact time. The fabricated PS fiber from the waste EPS foam may provide valuable insights into the valorization of polymeric waste materials for environmental and other related applications.

A machine learning approach to estimate the strain energy absorption in expanded polystyrene foams

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110210
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Héctor Plascencia-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam

Traditional modeling of mechanical energy absorption due to compressive loadings in expanded polystyrene foams involves mathematical descriptions that are derived from stress/strain continuum mechanics models. Nevertheless, most of those models are either constrained using the strain as the only variable to work at large deformation regimes and usually neglect important parameters for energy absorption properties such as the material density or the rate of the applying load. This work presents a neural-network-based approach that produces models that are capable to map the compressive stress response and energy absorption parameters of an expanded polystyrene foam by considering its deformation, compressive loading rates, and different densities. The models are trained with ground-truth data obtained in compressive tests. Two methods to select neural network architectures are also presented, one of which is based on a Design of Experiments strategy. The results show that it is possible to obtain a single artificial neural networks model that can abstract stress and energy absorption solution spaces for the conditions studied in the material. Additionally, such a model is compared with a phenomenological model, and the results show than the neural network model outperforms it in terms of prediction capabilities, since errors around 2% of experimental data were obtained. In this sense, it is demonstrated that by following the presented approach is possible to obtain a model capable to reproduce compressive polystyrene foam stress/strain data, and consequently, to simulate its energy absorption parameters.

Theoretical and experimental study of width effects on horizontal flame spread over extruded and expanded polystyrene foam surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Huahua Xiao ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Weiguang An ◽  
Weigang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam

CELL LADEN ALGINATE/ALBUMIN HYDROGEL FIBERS FOR POTENTIAL SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850045
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Cascone ◽  
Elisabetta Rosellini ◽  
Simona Maltinti ◽  
Andrea Baldassare ◽  
Luigi Lazzeri
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Residual Amount ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Proliferation Ability ◽  
Alginate Fibers ◽  
Kinetics Of

Alginate hydrogel fibers are receiving a great attention for tissue engineering applications. However, an important limitation of alginate is that it does not provide cell adhesion motifs. In this work, albumin was blended with alginate to improve the compatibility of alginate fibers with cells. Cell laden alginate/albumin fibers, potentially usable for skin regeneration, were obtained through a spinning process, by extruding an alginate/albumin solution containing cells into a calcium chloride solution. Cell laden pure alginate fibers were prepared for comparison. Plain alginate and alginate/albumin fibers were also produced. Morphological, mechanical and functional properties of the produced fibers were investigated. In addition, the ability of the fibers to release albumin and to support the viability and growth of A549 cells embedded into them was studied. Fibers with a uniform shape and an average diameter within the range 550–570[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m were produced. The water content was [Formula: see text]% for alginate fibers, and [Formula: see text]% for alginate/albumin fibers. Stress–strain tests showed, up to a strain value of 20%, the same Young’s modulus for the produced fibers, regardless of the presence of albumin. Overall, obtained results demonstrated that morphology, size, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties were not affected by albumin. Albumin was gradually released over a period of 4 days, with a residual amount (13%) remaining into the fibers. Viability test was carried out on A549 cells, laden inside alginate and alginate/albumin fibers, to evaluate cell proliferation ability. A favorable effect of albumin on the loaded cells was evidenced by a faster kinetics of growth.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Assessment of Waste Materials for Buildings in Extreme Cold and Hot Conditions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Rashid ◽  
Fadi Alnaimat ◽  
Bobby Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
By Products

In this article, thermal performance of different waste materials and by-products of industrial processes is investigated experimentally. A geopolymer concrete block with 7.5 cm thickness and cross-sectional area of 5 × 5 cm was considered as a reference model to measure heat transmission across the two opposite surfaces while all four remnant surfaces were perfectly insulated. For all other samples, a sandwich concrete block was developed by taking two pieces of the geopolymer concrete with 2.5 cm thickness each on either side and insulation material of 2.5 cm thickness in between. The sandwich materials investigated were air cavity, expanded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, rubber tire, date palm, PCM-30, and PCM-42. Experimental investigations revealed that the investigated green materials and industrial by-products have comparable insulation performance with respect to the traditional insulations such as expanded polystyrene foam. It is found that polyurethane foam and date palm can reduce indoor cooling demand by 46.6% each in hot conditions while rubber tire can reduce indoor heating demand by 59.2% in cold climatic conditions at the maximum. The research results confirm and encourage the effective utilization of waste materials in building walls for reducing indoor air-conditioning demand in the extreme climatic conditions.

Effect of polymer foam anisotropy on energy absorption during combined shear-compression loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Mosleh ◽  
Kelly Vanden Bosche ◽  
Bart Depreitere ◽  
Jos Vander Sloten ◽  
Ignaas Verpoest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Compression Behaviour

Polymeric foams are extensively used in applications such as packaging, sports goods and sandwich structures. Since in-service loading conditions are often multi-axial, characterisation of foams under multi-axial loading is essential. In this article, quasi-static combined shear-compression behaviour of isotropic expanded polystyrene foam and anisotropic polyethersulfone foam was studied. For this, a testing apparatus which can apply combined compression and transverse shear loads was developed. The results revealed that the shear and compression energy absorption, yield stress and stiffness of foams are dependent on deformation angle. The total energy absorption of the anisotropic polyethersulfone foam is shown to be direction dependent in contrast to isotropic expanded polystyrene. Furthermore, for similar relative density, polyethersulfone foam absorbs more energy than expanded polystyrene foam, regardless of deformation angle. This study highlights the importance of correct positioning of foam cells in anisotropic foams with respect to loading direction to maximise energy absorption capability.

scholarly journals Resistance of ETICS with Fire Barriers to Cyclic Hygrothermal Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9220
Author(s):  
Rosita Norvaišienė ◽  
Paweł Krause ◽  
Vincent Buhagiar ◽  
Arūnas Burlingis
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Horizontal Strip ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Chamber Temperature

The article presents the results of a set of hygrothermal experiments of an external wall insulated with an ETICS. As an add-on to previous studies, thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene with an additional horizontal strip of mineral wool was used. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with ETAG 004. The ETICS test rig was composed of combustible expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and horizontal strips of noncombustible mineral wool (MW) fire barriers over windows. The physical and mechanical properties of four types of finishing renders (without an additional reinforcement mesh in base coat of the fire barriers) were analyzed across full hygrothermal cycles in a climate chamber. Temperature sensors were mounted onto different ETICS layers to collect thermal data during the weathering. The testing of ETICS regarding their hygrothermal performance revealed that there were no visible defects on any renderings and over the junctions depending on the type of used insulation materials. Results also showed that the joints of EPS and MW have approximately half of their bond strength from polystyrene strength.

Preparation of microencapsulated phase change materials based on expanded polystyrene foam wastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Shao ◽  
Haifeng Jiang ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

Density Variation in the Expanded Polystyrene Foam of Bicycle Helmets and Its Influence on Impact Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon G. Kroeker ◽  
Muammer Ç. Özkul ◽  
Alyssa L. DeMarco ◽  
Stephanie J. Bonin ◽  
Gunter P. Siegmund
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Bicycle helmets attenuate head impacts using expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam liners. The EPS density plays a key role in determining the helmet and head response during an impact. Prior pilot work in our lab showed that EPS density varied by up to 18 kg/m3 within a single helmet, and thus the purpose of this study was to quantify the regional density variations within and between helmets and to establish how these variations influence helmet impact performance. We evaluated 10–12 samples of two traditional and two bicycle motocross (BMX) bicycle helmets with EPS liners. The bulk liner density and density of 16–19 cores extracted from specific locations on each sample were measured. Additional samples of two of these helmet models were then impacted at 3.0, 6.3, and 7.8 m/s to determine the relationship between local EPS density and helmet impact performance. We found that density varied significantly within each sample in all helmet models and also varied significantly between samples in three helmet models. The density variations were not symmetric across the midline in two of the four helmet models. The observed density variations influenced the helmets' impact performance. Our data suggest that variations in peak headform acceleration during impacts to the same location on different samples of the same helmet model can be partially explained by density differences between helmet samples. These density variations and resulting impact performance differences may play a role in a helmet's ability to mitigate head injury.

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