scholarly journals Psychiatry, the law and death on the roads

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road

The motor vehicle on the road has a history of only just over 100 years. It is a major form of personal and public transport, but is also associated with hazards and risks. Many more people are killed on the roads each year in Britain than are the victims of homicide. General and forensic pyschiatric evaluation of offenders charged with or convicted of motoring offences is, however, infrequent, despite the presence of mental health problems in some of them. I describe psychiatric, criminological and legal factors associated with driving of motor vehicles, as many psychiatric patients have driving licences and have access to a vehicle or, indeed, may decide to drive unlicensed.

scholarly journals Development of the "Technical Service" Program for Enterprises Working with the GLONASS System and Containing a Large Vehicle Fleet

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Р.Д. Адакин ◽  
И.М. Соцкая
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Short History ◽  
Service Program ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
On The Road

Представлена разработанная программа «Технический сервис», обменивающаяся информацией с базой данных систем ГЛОНАСС/GPS. Данная программа работает по сети и позволяет оповещать технический персонал, занимающийся обслуживанием, ремонтом и выпуском на линию или в рейс автотранспорта, напоминая ему о времени наступления прохождения технического обслуживания (ТО) для каждой единицы техники предприятия. При этом идёт информирование о количестве заменяемых жидкостей, марок и кодов фильтров, с краткой историей о неисправностях и ДТП техники, а также дублированием всей информации с системы ГЛОНАСС: расход топлива, пробег, скорость, марки и госномера техники. Разработанная программа имеет следующие возможности: хранит список техники с государственными номерами, постоянно обновляя данные о пробегах автотранспорта; хранит для каждой единицы техники необходимую информацию для проведения ТО автотранспорта, краткую историю о крупных неисправностях, проведённых капитальных ремонтах и ДТП автотранспорта. Данную информацию можно распечатать или сохранить на компьютер. Вовремя проведённое ТО является основой и залогом безотказной работы автотранспорта, что сказывается на успешном ведении бизнеса. The developed program "Technical Service" is presented, exchanging information with the database of GLONASS/GPS systems. This program works on the network and allows you to notify technical personnel engaged in service, repair and release on the road or on a motor vehicle trip, reminding them of the time of receipt of maintenance operation (MOT) for each unit of the enterprise equipment. At the same time, there is information about the number of liquids, grades and filter codes to be replaced with a short history of equipment malfunctions and accidents of vehicles, as well as duplication of all information from the GLONASS system: fuel consumption, mileage, speed, brands and license plates of vehicles. The developed program has the following capabilities: stores a list of vehicles with license plates, constantly updating data on vehicle mileage, and stores for each unit of equipment the necessary information for maintenance operation of vehicles, a short history of major malfunctions, major repairs and accidents of vehicles. This information can be printed or saved to a computer. Timely maintenance operation is the basis and key to the failure-free operation of vehicles, which affects the successful conduct of business.

scholarly journals Tyre Weights an Overlooked Diffuse Source of Lead and Antimony to Road Runoff

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6790
Author(s):  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Niklas Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Diffuse Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Roadside Dust ◽  
On The Road

Lead (Pb) remains elevated in road runoff and roadside dust, which has been attributed to legacy lead in surface soils from leaded petrol. However, “lead” tyre weights, an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, may be a relatively unrecognised diffuse source of Pb and Sb as they are still used in many countries. An unknown number of these weights drop off tyre rims and deposit on the road where they are abraded and dispersed, potentially causing adverse environmental effects. The type, number and weight of tyre weights lost from motor vehicles were characterised for a range of roading infrastructures and motor vehicle intensities in a 38 month long study of a 6.9 km length of road in Hamilton City, New Zealand. Overall, 1070 tyre weights with a combined mass of 18.6 kg were collected. About 96.4% of the collected weights were made of “lead”, which is an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, indicating tyre weights can be a major source of Pb and Sb in urban areas. The tyre weight distribution on roads used in this study depended mainly on traffic density and the prevalence of “start stop” patterns in traffic flow influenced by roundabouts and intersections. “Lead” tyre weights should be phased out and replaced with environmentally benign materials.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION UNITS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN SUPPORTING THE CONTINUATION OF LOGISTIC PATHWAYS IN WEST JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Sumartini Sumartini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
National Development ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
On The Road

Risk management is important in supporting all objectives of the West Java Province Motor Vehicle Testing Technical Implementation Unit, namely providing technical safety guarantees for the use of motorized vehicles, trailer trains and postage trains on the road, supporting the realization of environmental sustainability from possible pollution caused by motorized vehicle use. trailer and train carts on the road, and provide public services to the community. Vehicles operated on the road include bus cars, goods cars, articulated cars, train carts, special vehicles and public transportation.The application of risk management can be used in all fields of work and even in various activities, including decision making, operations, processes, functions, projects, products, services and assets (ISO 31000, 2009). In Indonesia transportation has an important role in supporting national development. Indonesia is an archipelagic country where the development of the transportation sector is designed to support the movement of the economy, national stability and also reduce development inequality between regions by expanding the reach of the distribution of goods and services throughout the archipelago. With the existence of transportation, the economy of the community is more evenly distributed so that it is expected that people's welfare will increase, because the community is easier to get the goods and services needed. One of the important facilities in the land transportation sector is motorized vehicles.Keywords: Environmental, Sustainability, Pollution, Transportation

Aerosol pollution from internal combustion engines

1968 ◽  
Vol 307 (1489) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
On The Road

Aerosols have one property that distinguishes them sharply from most other pollutants of the atmosphere. They are easily seen and recognized as pollutants. The first smoke abatement law in the United Kingdom was adopted by proclamation in 1306 during the reign of Edward I, and in 1307 a violator of the prohibition was condemned and executed (Rogers & Edelman 1962). Even from the early days of internal combustion engines the emission of smoke, ‘vapour’ and oily substances has been prohibited. The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1966 presently govern emissions from motor vehicles in the United Kingdom. (These regulations are given authority by the Road Traffic Act 1930). For example, appropriate parts of the regulations stipulate, first in relation to construction, that every motor vehicle must be so constructed that it does not emit any avoidable ‘smoke or visible vapour’; and secondly in relation to use, that no vehicle may be used on the road if it emits any ‘smoke, visible vapours, grit, sparks, ashes, cinders or oily substances’ if the emission causes or is likely to cause ‘damage to any property or injury to any person’ actually on, or expected to be on, the road, or is likely to cause danger to any such person.

scholarly journals Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Casado-Sanz ◽  
Begoña Guirao ◽  
Antonio Lara Galera ◽  
Maria Attard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k-means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.

scholarly journals BATAS KEWENANGAN PENYIDIK PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DAN KEPOLISIAN DALAM PENINDAKAN PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Yuni Riswanty
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
On The Road ◽  
National Police

The State of Indonesia is a state of the rule of law (rechtstaat) based on Pancasila. As a state based on law, Traffic and Road Transportation under Law No. 22/2009 is an integrated system consisting of Traffic, Road Transportation, Traffic and Road Transportation Networks, Infrastructure of Traffic and Road Transportation, Vehicles, Drivers, Road Users, as well as management thereof. Motor Vehicle Inspection Authority on the Road by the Civil Servant Investigators in the field of Traffic and Road Transportation and the Indonesian National Police Investigators incidentally is an examination of the evidence of passed test for vehicles compulsory tested, physical motor vehicles, haulage, method of transporting goods and/or transport operating license. In order to carry out its duties and functions, Civil Servant Investigators should always coordinate with the Indonesian National Police as a coordinator and supervisor of the Civil Servant Investigators. Investigators of the Indonesian National Police, as the coordinator and supervisor, implement guidance and supervision of the Civil Servant Investigators in the field of Traffic and Road Transportation. The research is classified into normative legal research using a statute approach and conceptual approach.

scholarly journals Sleep and Mental Health in Truck Drivers: Descriptive Review of the Current Evidence and Proposal of Strategies for Primary Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Garbarino ◽  
Ottavia Guglielmi ◽  
Walter Sannita ◽  
Nicola Magnavita ◽  
Paola Lanteri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Background: Professional truck drivers (TDs) are exposed to stressful working (and living) conditions and are vulnerable. They report physical and mental health problems and psychological distress more frequently than the general population and their problems can affect safety on the roads. Actions to improve TDs’ health and reduce the risks of (co-)morbidity or unsafe driving are imperative. Methods: The published studies dealing with the TDs’ sleep habits and mental health were reviewed to define the scenario and organize the preventive strategies proposed thus far. Results: Awareness among TDs of the high risk for health and safety due to (often co-existing) untreated sleep and mental health problems is critical. Alcohol and prescribed or illicit drugs are often misused to compensate for depression, anxiety, job strain, fatigue, and social isolation. Polypharmacy and dependence increase the chance of unsafe behaviors on the road. The TDs’ access to healthcare services is scant, and participation in industry-sponsored wellness programs is limited. Conclusions: Primary prevention is a first unavoidable step to deal with sleep and mental health problems. Educational programs, online support and tele-health assessment/monitoring would help improve the well-being, safety and health of professional TDs and increase safety on the road.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the Outpatient Psychiatric Patients and Their Family Members in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Jinghui Sun ◽  
Jiaxu Zhao ◽  
Apian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms in psychiatric outpatients and their family members in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This cross-sectional, survey-based, region-stratified study collected demographic data and mental health measurements for depression, anxiety and acute stress from 269 psychiatric patients and 231 family members in the Second Xiangya Hospital in China from April 27, 2020 to May 8, 2020. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with mental health outcomes.Result: The results of this survey revealed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and acute stress were highly prevalent symptoms in the psychiatric patient group. Respondents who were female, unmarried or highly educated were significantly more likely to have the above symptoms. In the family member group, more than half of them felt that the burden of nursing had increased during the epidemic. Subjects with a high degree of burden of care were significantly more likely to exhibit the above mental health symptoms, while females were significantly more likely to have acute stress.Conclusions: The results of this survey revealed a high prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms among psychiatric patients and an increased burden of nursing among their family members after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Understanding the risk factors in those particular groups of people help improve the public health service system for mental health problems during public health events. For further study, exploration of the needs of mental health services and dynamic change tracking will be needed.

Psychological/psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learnt from China and call for timely crisis interventions in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zeppegno ◽  
Carla Gramaglia ◽  
Chiara Guerriero ◽  
Fabio Madeddu ◽  
Raffaella Calati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Background: The World Health Organization declared the Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid-19) a pandemic in March 2020. Psychological impact of Covid-19 can be consisent and should be prevented with adequate measures. Methods: We performed a literature mini review searching for studies in PubMed focusing on the psychological/psychiatric impact of Covid-19.Results: The selection process yielded 34 papers focusing on the relation between Covid-19 and mental health: 9 correspondence, 8 letters to the editor, 7 commentaries, 3 editorials, 4 original studies, 2 brief reports, and 1 a rapid review. The majority of the articles were performed in China. They focused on the general population and particular categories considered more fragile, e.g., psychiatric patients, older adults, international migrant workers, homeless people. Authors are unanimous in believing that Covid-19 will likely increase the risk of mental health problems and worsen existing psychiatric disorders/symptoms in patients, exposed subjects, and staff. Together with the negative emotionality related to the unpredictability of the situation, uncertainty concerning the risk, excessive fear, fear of death, loneliness, guilt, stigma, denial, anger, frustration, boredome, some symptoms might appear such as insomnia until patophobia (specifically, coronaphobia), depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal risk.Limitations: Literature is rapidly increasing and present results are only partial. Conclusions: Mental health care should not be overlooked in this moment. The experience of China should be of help for all the countries facing with Covid-19, among them Italy.

On the Road to Vienna

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

This chapter focuses on the negotiations that preceded the 1961 Vienna Conference (which led to the conclusion of the VCDR). The author challenges the view that the successful codification was an obvious step and refers in this regard to a history of intense negotiation which spanned fifteen years. With particular reference to the International Law Commission (ILC), the chapter explores the difficult task faced by ILC members to strike a balance between the codification of existing practice and progressive development of diplomatic law. It reaches the finding that the ILC negotiations were crucial for the success of the Conference, but notes also that certain States supported a less-binding form of codification. The chapter also underlines the fact that many issues that had caused friction between the Cold War parties were settled during the preparatory meetings and remained largely untouched during the 1961 negotiations.

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