scholarly journals Depression and schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Castle ◽  
Peter Bosanac
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Current Classification

SummaryDepressive symptoms commonly occur in schizophrenia and have a significant impact on the distress and burden of the illness. Yet they are often overlooked, inadequately characterised by current classification systems and not consistently integrated into treatment. We discuss nosology, practical and clinical implications of symptom differentiation, and the role of causal and confounding factors, including iatrogenic, as targets for therapeutic intervention. The evidence base of psychosocial and psychotropic management is reviewed, with recommendations for the treatment of established syndromal depression in people with schizophrenia.

Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures around Hip Arthroplasty: Current Concepts in their Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Tsiridis ◽  
George Pavlou ◽  
Ram Venkatesh ◽  
Peter Bobak ◽  
Graham Gie
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Bone Allografts ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Revision Hip Surgery ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Fracture Stability

Peri-prosthetic fractures (PFF) are complex management problems in orthopaedic surgery. Their treatment has evolved with advances in principles of internal fixation and revision hip surgery. Current classification systems look at anatomical location, prosthesis stability and Bone quality. Recent evidence highlights the importance of fracture stability in treatment planning, the weaknesses of single plating, the increasing role of long stem revision and also the importance of Bone allografts. We present the principles of management of both intra and post-operative PFFs, including surgical techniques and published outcomes.

scholarly journals Towards Personalized Medicine: Non-Coding RNAs and Endometrial Cancer

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Anna Franca Cavaliere ◽  
Federica Perelli ◽  
Simona Zaami ◽  
Roberto Piergentili ◽  
Alberto Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Prediction Function ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent female cancer associated with excellent prognosis if diagnosed at an early stage. The risk factors on which clinical staging is based are constantly updated and genetic and epigenetic characteristics have recently been emerging as prognostic markers. The evidence shows that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a fundamental role in various biological processes associated with the pathogenesis of EC and many of them also have a prognosis prediction function, of remarkable importance in defining the therapeutic and surveillance path of EC patients. Personalized medicine focuses on the continuous updating of risk factors that are identifiable early during the EC staging to tailor treatments to patients. This review aims to show a summary of the current classification systems and to encourage the integration of various risk factors, introducing the prognostic role of non-coding RNAs, to avoid aggressive therapies where not necessary and to treat and strictly monitor subjects at greater risk of relapse.

scholarly journals Life negative events and depressive symptoms: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Wang ◽  
Hanmo Yang ◽  
Pianpian Zheng ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Zhanyuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Abstract Background Although some studies have reported the association between life negative events and depressive disorders, very limited studies have examined the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms risk among Chinese older adults.Methods : Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2014. General linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 43% among current Chinese old population. Life negative events showed statistical dose-response association with depressive symptoms risk after adjustment for the confounding factors (Ptrend <0.001). Participants who lived in rural areas, without a spouse or live alone were vulnerable to depressive symptoms.Conclusions Life negative events played a risk role of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, especially among those in rural areas, females or without a spouse. Our current study is valuable for the development of special prevention depressive symptoms programs among elderly individuals, especially those who have experienced negative events.

Evidence, Mechanisms, and Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
James Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
What Works ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range

This chapter examines the role of evidence in public policy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often thought to provide the most rigorous way of establishing causal claims. On this basis it has been claimed that what public policy requires is a solid evidence base of RCTs, which are then synthesized into an account of ‘what works’. The chapter argues that this is mistaken. Even if it can be shown with confidence that an intervention had a particular size of effect within a trial population at a particular time, this does not show that the intervention will work in a wide range of contexts, or in a policymaker’s particular context. A number of factors, including the greater difficulty of controlling for confounding factors, and the greater variability in causal networks, make evidence less likely to travel in public policy than in clinical medicine.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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