scholarly journals Impact of online group studying for the MRCPsych A exam amongst international doctors logging-in from 7 countries

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S265-S265
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Sara Mohsen ◽  
Oksana Zinchenko ◽  
Philip Verde ◽  
Kathleen Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

AimsRecently, global-remote group studying has been made possible via digital video conferencing platforms. In preparation for the December 2020 MRCPsych part A exam, a study group was formed comprising 30 International Medical Gaduates (IMG) logging-in from different countries via 3 hour Zoom-study sessions hosted daily from 28th September until 12th December 2020 (1800-2100 GMT time). This study demonstrates the impact of online group study in preparation for the MRCPsych A exam for s via data collected through questionnaires.MethodThe data of the study were collected through the questionnaires given to the group study members containing a total of 17 questions, 5 of which were open-ended.The participants totalled 30 International Doctors who responded to an advertisement to form an online study group on Facebook. They logged-in for the sessions from seven different countries: Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, Ireland, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. The participants represented different working grades incuding experiences in psychiatry ranging from 0 to 5 years.Data were analysed using percentage. The answers given to the open-ended questions were each examined using descriptive interpretation methods.ResultThematic analysis demonstrated that online group study made learning faster and easier. 96.6% support using online study sessions for future exams citing that they fostered cooperation, respect for diverse opinions and motivation for regular studying. 93.1% and partly 6.9% found the experience enjoyable and enabled the cultivation of different ideas. Indeed, 89.7% relied on it as a big part of their preparation with 26 saying it contributed to their passing of the exam success.Almost three quarter of participants in the group also forged friendships and a sense of trust. It also became a platform for expressing opinions comfortably and developing communication and interpersonal skills.Different working hours and time zones represented a challenge with most linking in at odd hours. Cultural differences were ultimately accepted including aspects of delivery of information which made a few participants appear abrupt.ConclusionWith the ease in which social media connects us on a global scale, online study groups connecting IMGs from various backgrounds and diverse cultures not only makes exam preparations stimulating and easier to pass but also fosters interpersonal skills and connections that would be an asset in the long run.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Effects of Attending an Elite School: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Clark ◽  
Emilia Del Bono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
School Assignment

This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income, and fertility. Our data consist of individuals born in the 1950s and educated in a UK district that assigned students to either elite or non-elite secondary schools. Using instrumental variables methods that exploit the school assignment formula, we find that elite school attendance had large impacts on completed education. Surprisingly, there are no significant effects on most labor market outcomes except for an increase in female income. By contrast, we document a large and significant negative impact on female fertility. (JEL I21, I24, I26, J13, J16, J24, J31)

Disparities in pension systems and financial flows among European countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN CHATEAU ◽  
XAVIER CHOJNICKI ◽  
RICCARDO MAGNANI
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Retirement Systems ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe present a quantitative analysis of the impact of differential ageing and pension reforms on capital and labor market and, in particular, on intra-European capital flows. To this end, we develop a stylized general equilibrium model with overlapping generations of heterogeneous agents for the three largest European countries: France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The model presents a structure halfway between pure general equilibrium models with rigorous microeconomic foundations and accounting models where the macroeconomic environment remains exogenous. We show that the dynamics of capital accumulation and pension system sustainability are totally different depending on the assumption concerning economic openness. Finally, in the long run, resorting to debt financing seems to be a dead end to finance retirement systems.

scholarly journals Impact of antenatal counselling on couples’ knowledge and practice of contraception in Mansoura, Egypt

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1013
Author(s):  
M. H. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

The impact of antenatal counselling on couples’ knowledge and practice of contraception was investigated. An interview questionnaire was used before and after conducting counselling sessions with 200 pregnant women and 100 spouses. The participants were followed up immediately after delivery and 3 months later. Both the control and study groups displayed a lack of knowledge of contraception. Counselling sessions improved the couples’ knowledge and practice in the study group. Involving husbands in family planning counselling sessions led to joint decisions being made and encouraged women’s use of contraception. The majority of couples retained most of the information given. Integrating family planning counselling into antenatal care in all facilities and involving the husband are recommended

Analyzing the Impact of Real Effective Exchange Rate and Investment on Trade Deficit in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Ruqayya Ibraheem ◽  
Muahammad Ayub
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

The major purpose of this study is to determine the long-run and short-run determinants of the trade deficit in the United Kingdom (UK). The autoregressive distributive lagged (ARDL) approach has been employed for estimation purposes in this study. The study finds that there is negative and significant relationship exists between the real effective exchange rate (REER) and the export to import ratio in the long run. The empirical results reveal that a one percent increase in REER causes a decrease in the export to import ratio by 0.37%, while a positive relationship is observed between REER and the export to import ratio in the short run. The impact of gross fixed capital formation on the export to import ratio is statistically significant and negative in the long run as well as in the short run. The value is negative and statistically significant which validates convergence towards the equilibrium both in the case of UK exports to high-income and low-income trading partners (LITPs). The study suggests that real exchange rate and investment are major determinants for trade balance in the case of the United Kingdom and need proper attention.

Environmental Pollution, Income Inequality, and Household Energy Consumption: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the impact of income inequality, household energy consumption, government expenditure, and investment on carbon dioxide emissions at the household level over the period 1970–2015 in the United Kingdom. The study applied Clemente–Montanes–Reyes unit root test to identify structural break in the time series. Further, the cointegrating relationship of the time series observations was explored by applying the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) (linear) bounds test approach along with the nonlinear ARDL for making fruitful comparisons in the long-run relationship among the variables. The paper used Bayer–Hanck combined cointegration method for robustness test in the cointegrating methods. In addition, the causality analysis was explored using the Toda–Yamato (1995) method of Granger causality. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables.The estimated NARDL results show that in the long run the negative asymmetric impact of the income inequality is stronger than the positive impact. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need to reduce income inequality in the United Kingdom to improve equitable consumption of energy at the household level. Last the causality test shows that there exists unidirectional causality from inequality transmission to carbon emissions.

scholarly journals ‘I just felt as though I had to drop something’: the implications of care for female working elder carers’ working lives

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-898
Author(s):  
VIV BURR ◽  
HELEN COLLEY
Keyword(s):  
Elder Care ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities

AbstractThis paper explores the challenges that female elder carers in the United Kingdom face in combining paid work with elder care, and the implications of this care for their current and future working lives. In-depth interviews with 11 working women from a large organisation were conducted, and five of the women were re-interviewed after a period of one year to examine any changes in their situation. The interviews revealed the precarious nature of their daily schedules, which required constant effort to maintain, the intrusion of elder care into their working lives, and the impact it had upon their career development and future aspirations. The findings provide insight into the reasons why carers, especially women, are more likely to reduce their working hours, do not take advantage of training opportunities and retire early. The findings are discussed in relation to the expectation of an extended working age and gender equality.

The Implications of Wal-Mart's Takeover of ASDA

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Burt ◽  
Leigh Sparks
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Business Success ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Activity ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Impact

Wal-Mart is the world's largest retailer. Within the United Kingdom, retailing has generally been considered as a local or national activity. Wal-Mart's purchase of ASDA in 1999 illustrates the global scale of much modern retailing. In this paper we consider the implications of Wal-Mart's takeover of ASDA. First, the key drivers of Wal-Mart's business success are analysed. Second, the impact of Wal-Mart in Canada and Germany is considered. Third, the match of Wal-Mart with ASDA is examined. Fourth, the key changes Wal-Mart is making to ASDA are reviewed. This consideration of Wal-Mart and ASDA is placed in the context of theoretical discussions of retailing and particularly the internationalisation of retailing.

Sind betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit erfolgreich? / Are ln-plant Alliances for Job Security Successful?

2005 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Hübler
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Pay Cuts ◽  
Works Council ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis paper uses data from the WSI works council survey in 2003 where detailed information on agreements between employers and employees to secure jobs are available. Firm size and profit effects of company-level agreements are investigated. A major result is that the development of firm size is less favourable in companies with in-plant alliances than in other firms. Interestingly, this result is stronger within the group of successful firms. If we distinguish between several measures our estimation shows that training on-the-job and prolongation of working hours are positively correlated with the objective of job security while pay cuts, reduction of working hours and reorganisation of firms lead to further lay-offs. More ambiguous is the impact of working hours accounts. Our investigations demonstrate that the agreements are more successful if employers or the management suggest an in-plant alliance than works councils or unions. Usually, we observe only short run positive employment effects but in the medium term the effects are negative. Only in the long run the development turns around and in-plant alliances are really successful. Sometimes, renegotiations can help to improve the situation.

scholarly journals Relationship of Mandibular Third Molar to Mandibular Anterior Crowding

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 089-096
Author(s):  
Ambika Sood ◽  
Mandeep Bhullar ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Divya Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

Abstract Introduction The impact of third molars in occurrence of secondary mandibular incisor crowding has been a disputable subject and is reviewed in the dental literature for many years. The relationships between lower third molar angulation, eruption level, and eruption space to lower anterior crowding are not completely understood. Aim To evaluate the relation between the third molar angulations, eruption space, eruption level, and mandibular anterior crowding. Materials and Methods Pretreatment plaster study models (mandibular dental arches) and orthopantomograph of 40 individuals, aged between 12 and 22 years, were part of the study. The whole sample was divided into two groups based on the Little's index of irregularity: group I—control group (n = 20) composed of patients with index 0 to 3 mm, and group II—study group (n = 20) composed of patients with index > 3 mm. Calculations were made for the third molar eruption depth, eruption space, and angulation. Statistical Analysis Mean values were compared for selected dimensions between the control and study groups with Student's t-test. Results Statistically significant differences for Ganss ratio in right side between the control and study groups with a p-value of 0.049 were observed. Statistically insignificant difference was seen between the control and study groups for other parameters. Eruption level B was found for maximum molars in the study group, 95% on right and 85% on left side. Conclusion It was inferred that no strong relation exists between the third molar eruption level, space, and angulations to mandibular anterior crowding.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Induced Economic Uncertainty: A Comparison between the United Kingdom and the United States

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Ugur Korkut Pata
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic policy uncertainty in the US and the UK. The impact of the increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths in the country and the increase in the number of cases and deaths outside the country may vary. To examine this, the study employs the bootstrap ARDL cointegration approach from March 8, 2020 to May 24, 2020. According to the bootstrap ARDL results, a long-run equilibrium relationship is confirmed for five out of the ten models. The long-term coefficients obtained from the ARDL models suggest that an increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths outside of the UK and the US has a significant effect on economic policy uncertainty. The US is more affected by the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. The UK, on the other hand, is more negatively affected by the increase in the number of COVID-19 deaths outside the country than the increase in the number of cases. Moreover, another significant finding from the study demonstrates that COVID-19 is a factor of great uncertainty for both countries in the short-term.

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