scholarly journals ‘I just felt as though I had to drop something’: the implications of care for female working elder carers’ working lives

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-898
Author(s):  
VIV BURR ◽  
HELEN COLLEY
Keyword(s):  
Elder Care ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities

AbstractThis paper explores the challenges that female elder carers in the United Kingdom face in combining paid work with elder care, and the implications of this care for their current and future working lives. In-depth interviews with 11 working women from a large organisation were conducted, and five of the women were re-interviewed after a period of one year to examine any changes in their situation. The interviews revealed the precarious nature of their daily schedules, which required constant effort to maintain, the intrusion of elder care into their working lives, and the impact it had upon their career development and future aspirations. The findings provide insight into the reasons why carers, especially women, are more likely to reduce their working hours, do not take advantage of training opportunities and retire early. The findings are discussed in relation to the expectation of an extended working age and gender equality.

The impact of stereotyped perceptions of entrepreneurship and gender-role orientation on Slovak women’s entrepreneurial intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Adamus ◽  
Vladimíra Čavojová ◽  
Jakub Šrol
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Successful Entrepreneurs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate how congruence between the image of a successful entrepreneur and one’s own gender-role orientation affects entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach A total of 552 working-age adults (49.5% women) answered questions on gender-role orientation, perception of a successful entrepreneur, EI, antecedents of EI (perceived behavioural control (PBC), subjective norm (SN), attitude towards entrepreneurship), entrepreneurial self-efficacy and risk aversion. Findings Women reported a lower EI than men, and both male and female participants perceived successful entrepreneurs as masculine. In the final model, biological sex did not predict EIs. Rather, it was associated with the extent to which participants felt they resembled successful entrepreneurs, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of PBC, SNs and attitudes towards entrepreneurship, as well as greater EI. Originality/value The study is one of the first to study joint impacts of biological sex, gender and congruence on EIs.

scholarly journals Population Ageing and Its Challenges: Filial Responsibilities for Elderly Parents in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Margarita Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

The paper addresses the questions of demographic ageing at the beginning of the 21st century and the attitudes about who should be responsible for the elderly care in Lithuania. The analysis of age structure changes revealed three ways of demographic ageing: ‘from below’ (the youngest part of the population is decreasing), ‘from above’ (the oldest part of the population is increasing), and decrease of the young working-age population. The analysis of ageing in Lithuania in the context of the EU revealed that Lithuania has moved from the group of the demographically youngest countries to the group of the oldest ones. This has happened in one decade and illustrates rapid ageing in Lithuania. Within such context, the question “Who should be responsible for the elderly care?” is of particular importance. Based on the second wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (conducted in 2009), the responses who should take care of the elderly are contradictory. The biggest part of respondents is in favour of the division of responsibilities for the elderly care between family and society. The same part of respondents considers this to be family responsibility. Meanwhile, financial support is mainly considered to be the responsibility of the society. The analysis of filial responsibilities for elderly parents revealed a high level of normative solidarity. Most respondents agree with the statement where the support type for elderly parents is not defined (i.e. that children should take responsibility for caring for their parents when parents are in need). When the types of support are defined, the respondents are also likely to agree (i.e. children ought to provide financial help for their parents when their parents are having financial difficulties; children should have their parents to live with them when parents can no longer look after themselves). Less agreement was found on the statement requiring the reorganisation of children’s lives in order to fulfil filial responsibilities (i.e. that children should adjust their working lives to the needs of their parents) and on the statement measuring gender division in care provision for elderly parents (i.e. when parents are in need, daughters should take more caring responsibility than sons). The differences in attitudes between children’s, parents’ and grandparents’ generations were not statistically significant. The logistic regressions revealed that significant predictors enhancing the chances of agreement on filial responsibilities are respondents’ gender, age, partnership and occupational statuses and type of residential area.

scholarly journals Impact of online group studying for the MRCPsych A exam amongst international doctors logging-in from 7 countries

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S265-S265
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Sara Mohsen ◽  
Oksana Zinchenko ◽  
Philip Verde ◽  
Kathleen Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

AimsRecently, global-remote group studying has been made possible via digital video conferencing platforms. In preparation for the December 2020 MRCPsych part A exam, a study group was formed comprising 30 International Medical Gaduates (IMG) logging-in from different countries via 3 hour Zoom-study sessions hosted daily from 28th September until 12th December 2020 (1800-2100 GMT time). This study demonstrates the impact of online group study in preparation for the MRCPsych A exam for s via data collected through questionnaires.MethodThe data of the study were collected through the questionnaires given to the group study members containing a total of 17 questions, 5 of which were open-ended.The participants totalled 30 International Doctors who responded to an advertisement to form an online study group on Facebook. They logged-in for the sessions from seven different countries: Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, Ireland, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. The participants represented different working grades incuding experiences in psychiatry ranging from 0 to 5 years.Data were analysed using percentage. The answers given to the open-ended questions were each examined using descriptive interpretation methods.ResultThematic analysis demonstrated that online group study made learning faster and easier. 96.6% support using online study sessions for future exams citing that they fostered cooperation, respect for diverse opinions and motivation for regular studying. 93.1% and partly 6.9% found the experience enjoyable and enabled the cultivation of different ideas. Indeed, 89.7% relied on it as a big part of their preparation with 26 saying it contributed to their passing of the exam success.Almost three quarter of participants in the group also forged friendships and a sense of trust. It also became a platform for expressing opinions comfortably and developing communication and interpersonal skills.Different working hours and time zones represented a challenge with most linking in at odd hours. Cultural differences were ultimately accepted including aspects of delivery of information which made a few participants appear abrupt.ConclusionWith the ease in which social media connects us on a global scale, online study groups connecting IMGs from various backgrounds and diverse cultures not only makes exam preparations stimulating and easier to pass but also fosters interpersonal skills and connections that would be an asset in the long run.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

MODELING COST OF TREATMENT WITH NEW TOPICAL TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Kobelt ◽  
Linus Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
New Agents ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Diagnosis ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Several new topical agents have been introduced recently and it can be expected that the treatment of glaucoma will change, depending on how effectively these agents control intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP is considered the major risk factor in the development of glaucomatous damage. In order to estimate the impact of these new agents on the cost of treating glaucoma, a simulation model was created to estimate the cost of treating patients with a recent diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in different countries. The Markov model is based on retrospective chart reviews in different countries and calculates only cost, not outcome. Results are presented for France and the United Kingdom, where current treatment appeared to be comparable. Average one-year costs per patient with current treatment were FF2,389 (US $389) and £380 (US $627), respectively. Costs with the new treatments were lower than with current therapy.

scholarly journals Consequences of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in adulthood. Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rocío Cáceres-Matos ◽  
Eugenia Gil-García ◽  
Sergio Barrientos-Trigo ◽  
Ana María Porcel-Gálvez ◽  
Andrés Cabrera-León
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To examine and map the consequences of chronic pain in adulthood. METHOD: Documents addressing the impact of chronic pain on the psychological and social spheres of people suffering from chronic pain, published in Spanish and English between 2013 and 2018, were included. Those who addressed pharmacological treatments, chronic pain resulting from surgical interventions or who did not have access to the full text were excluded. Finally, 28 documents from the 485 reviewed were included. RESULTS: Studies show that pain is related to high rates of limitation in daily activities, sleep disorders and anxiety-depression spectrum disorders. People in pain have more problems to get the workday done and to maintain social relationships. Chronic pain is also associated with worse family functioning. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that limitations in the ability to perform activities of daily living, sleep, psychological health, social and work resources and family functioning are lines of interest in published articles. However, knowledge gaps are detected in areas such as the influence of having suffered pain in childhood or adolescence, the consequences of non-fulfillment of working hours and gender inequalities.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Early Eclectic Rehabilitative Intervention on Symptoms in First Episode Depression among Employed People

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tero Raiskila ◽  
Sanna Blanco Sequeiros ◽  
Jorma Kiuttu ◽  
Marja-Liisa Kauhanen ◽  
Kristian Läksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Rehabilitative Intervention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To evaluate the effect of an early vocational-orientated eclectic intervention on beck depression inventory (BDI) scores compared to treatment as usual in first ever depressive episode among employed people.Design. A randomized controlled trial comparing the rehabilitative intervention and the conventional treatment.Subjects. The subjects came from occupational health care units.Methods. Employees were sent to a rehabilitation center after being screened for depression using the BDI. They were diagnosed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. The participating subjects (N=283) were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eclectic early depression intervention treatment (N=134) and the control group was treated in the conventional way (N=100). They were followed for one year.Results. The mean decrease in BDI scores within the intervention group was from 20.8 to 11.6 and within the control group from 19.3 to 10.8. BDI score decreased by 10 or more points in 64% of the participants in the intervention group and in 53% of the control group (P=0.013).Conclusions. There was some evidence that early eclectic intervention in first ever episode depression may be more effective than conventional treatments among working age people in employment.

scholarly journals Maintaining proper health records improves machine learning predictions for novel 2019-nCoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffka Khan ◽  
Emilie Ramsahai
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia continues to affect the whole world including major countries such as China, USA, Italy, France and the United Kingdom. We present outcome (‘recovered’, ‘isolated’ or ‘death’) risk estimates of 2019-nCoV over ‘early’ datasets. A major consideration is the likelihood of death for patients with 2019-nCoV. Method Accounting for the impact of the variations in the reporting rate of 2019-nCoV, we used machine learning techniques (AdaBoost, bagging, extra-trees, decision trees and k-nearest neighbour classifiers) on two 2019-nCoV datasets obtained from Kaggle on March 30, 2020. We used ‘country’, ‘age’ and ‘gender’ as features to predict outcome for both datasets. We included the patient’s ‘disease’ history (only present in the second dataset) to predict the outcome for the second dataset. Results The use of a patient’s ‘disease’ history improves the prediction of ‘death’ by more than sevenfold. The models ignoring a patent’s ‘disease’ history performed poorly in test predictions. Conclusion Our findings indicate the potential of using a patient’s ‘disease’ history as part of the feature set in machine learning techniques to improve 2019-nCoV predictions. This development can have a positive effect on predictive patient treatment and can result in easing currently overburdened healthcare systems worldwide, especially with the increasing prevalence of second and third wave re-infections in some countries.

scholarly journals Disability Benefit Receipt and Reform: Reconciling Trends in the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Banks ◽  
Richard Blundell ◽  
Carl Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Disability Benefit ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

The UK has enacted a number of reforms to the structure of disability benefits that has made it a major case study for other countries thinking of reform. The introduction of Incapacity Benefit in 1995 coincided with a strong decline in disability benefit expenditure, reversing previous sharp increases. From 2008 the replacement of Incapacity Benefit with Employment and Support Allowance was intended to reduce spending further. We bring together administrative and survey data over the period and highlight key differences in receipt of disability benefits by age, sex, and health. These disability benefit reforms and the trends in receipt are also put into the context of broader trends in health and employment by education and sex. We document a growing proportion of claimants in any age group with mental and behavioral disorders as their principal health condition. We also show the decline in the number of older working age men receiving disability benefits to have been partially offset by growth in the number of younger women receiving these benefits. We speculate on the impact of disability reforms on employment.

scholarly journals Determinants of Commuter Worker Income in South Sulawesi during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Populasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nur Hilda Triany
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The development and ease of access to transportation in South Sulawesi Province opens up opportunities for the workforce to work in areas that are administratively different from their residence as commuters. Commuter workers tend to increase every year. When Covid-19 hit the economy in Indonesia, te government issued various policies to suppress the spread of the Covid-19 virus. One of them is by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which was also adapted by the South Sulawesi Provincial Government. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on commuter workers is still not a concern, especially even though the restrictions on economic and social activities have a significant impact on the working hours and income of commuter workers. This study determines the factors that affect the income of commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results of the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data processing, it shows that the income received by commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic is influenced by the variables of working hours, business fields, employment status, policies for implementing Work from Home, education level and gender.

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