Mental Disorder and Season of Birth: Comparison of Psychoses with Neurosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hare ◽  
J. S. Price
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Depressive Patients

Barry and Barry (1961, 1964) have reviewed the evidence for an association between season of birth and the major psychoses. Their figures show that, with a single exception, every study has found an excess (though not always a significant excess) of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients born between January and April, and a deficit born between May and August, compared with the control populations. The single exception was their own study (1964) on schizophrenic patients in private mental hospitals, a finding which led them to conclude either that the private class of patient is protected from some adverse seasonal influence or that schizophrenic patients come chiefly from a subgroup of the population which has a comparatively high birth rate during the first four months of the year. Norris and Chowning (1962) drew attention to the fact that the seasonal distribution of births in a general population may vary appreciably from year to year in a particular country and from place to place within that country in any one year, and suggested that such variations make difficult any comparison between births of patients and of a large general population taken over a number of years, the procedure which had hitherto been adopted.

A census study of mental illness in Samsø

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Achton Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisCensus data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957–74; the proportion varied from 85 % for patients with psychoses (100 % for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43 % with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24 %, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.

Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Abdalla ◽  
H P Monteiro ◽  
J A Oliveira ◽  
E J Bechara
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Depressive Patients

Abstract Activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in erythrocytes were evaluated in 50 schizophrenic and 20 manic-depressive patients, who were or were not being treated with different neuroleptic drugs, and results were compared with those for 58 normal individuals. Neuroleptic-treated and untreated schizophrenic patients showed similar activities of superoxide dismutase, about 60% higher than those found in normal individuals (p less than 0.001). In manic-depressive patients treated with either lithium (n = 8) or lithium plus neuroleptic drugs (n = 12), superoxide dismutase activities were increased by about 40% over those of normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Significantly abnormal activities of glutathione peroxidase were found only in the sub-group of schizophrenic women. These results are interpreted in terms of active oxygen species involvement in the psychiatric manifestations.

Season of Birth Among the Sibs of Schizophrenics

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Buck ◽  
Helen Simpson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryThe season of birth distribution of 1,039 sibs of Canadian schizophrenic patients was compared with that of births in the Canadian general population over the same time period. The excess of winter births observed among the schizophrenics was not found among their sibs.

A Genetic Study of Affective Illness in Patients over 50

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hopkinson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Involutional Melancholia ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depressive Patients

The genetic evidence concerning affective illness of later life is still conflicting and the relationship of such conditions to the manic-depressive psychosis unclear. Kallman (1955) believed that, genetically, involutional melancholia bore a closer relationship to schizophrenia than to the manic-depressive psychosis. An increased risk for schizophrenia amongst the relatives of such patients was not observed by Kay (1959) and Stenstedt (1952). Both these writers do however describe a lower loading for manic-depressive psychosis than would be found amongst the relations of manic-depressive patients, though a much higher incidence than in the general population. Both Stenstedt and Kay assumed that they were dealing with a heterogeneous group of patients containing both psychotic and neurotic depressions.

Season of Birth in the Population of Norway, with Particular Reference to the September Birth Maximum

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ørnulv ØDegård
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Births

The monthly number of births in Norway fluctuates between a maximum in January–May and a minimum in October–December. This cyclic seasonality is assumed to be of biological origin, but indirectly it is influenced by social factors and consequently tends to vary a great deal. There is a secondary birth maximum in September, corresponding to a peak of conceptions during the traditional festivities around Christmas and New Year. It is shown that this maximum is much less variable within the country studied, though it probably varies from one country to another in relation to the impact of the mid-winter traditions.The January–May birth maximum is known to be higher in schizophrenia than in the general population, while no such difference is observed in Norway for the September birth peak. It is felt that there is a fundamental difference between the two birth maxima and a corresponding difference between schizophrenic patients and the general population. Minimal paranatal brain damage of seasonal origin is suggested as an explanation.

Mortality in Patients with Schizophrenia, Mania, Depression and Surgical Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming T. Tsuang ◽  
Robert F. Woolson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Depressive Patients

SummaryMortality data are presented from a four-decade follow-up study of 200 schizophrenic, 100 manic, 225 depressive patients, and 160 surgical controls (80 appendicectomy; 80 herniorrhaphy). Data for this analysis were available on 648 (95 per cent) members of the study population. Using sex-age standardized mortality ratios (SMR), the mortality experience of the study population was compared with that of the state of Iowa, the geographical area served by the admitting medical facility for the study group. Results are presented for a four-decade period beginning 1935–44, and ending 1965–74. All three psychiatric groups had a significant increase in mortality risk. This was most pronounced in the first decade following admission, although schizophrenic patients, especially females, continued to show a significant excess of deaths throughout the entire four decades of the follow-up period. During no decade of the follow-up period did the mortality of the surgical controls differ significantly from that of the Iowa population.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA AMONG CLEANUP WORKERS OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT AND THEIR SURVIVAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bazyka ◽  
N Gudzenko ◽  
I Dyagil ◽  
N Trotsiuk ◽  
E Gorokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
General Population ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cleanup Workers ◽  
Incident Cases

The study presents the updated data on the multiple myeloma (MM) incidence in Ukrainian cleanup workers after the Chornobyl accident and their survival. The epidemiological analysis is based on the extended follow-up period to identify new MM cases for higher statistical power and to collect additional data on the disease course and outcome for the survival analysis. The objective of the study was to analyze the MM incidence and survival in Chornobyl cleanup workers in 1996–2013 in comparison with the national MM statistical data. Materials and Methods: A study cohort consisted of 152,520 male cleanup workers resided in one of 6 regions of Ukraine or Kyiv city and registered in the Ukrainian State Chornobyl Registry (SChR). The Cohort Database was linked to the Ukrainian National Cancer Registry (NCR) Database to identify MM cases and to analyze MM incidence in 1996– 2013. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for MM over the period 1996–2013 were calculated as compared to the general population of Ukraine. A 10-year lag period (when incident cases are not considered radiation-related) was applied. One-year and 5-year cause-specific survival of MM cases were calculated as percentage of those who were alive correspondingly for 1 or 5 years after diagnosis among overall diagnosed. By the moment, the 5-year survival rate either for the sub-period 2008–2013 or for the whole study period 1996–2013 cannot be determined. Vital status data were updated according to the recent SChR and NCR information. Results: 75 MM cases diagnosed in 1986–2013 were identified in the studied cohort. 69 of them were included to the incidence analysis considering a 10-year lag period. While the incidence over 15 years after the accident did not differ significantly from the corresponding rate in general population of Ukraine, a tendency to increase was seen in the period from 16 to 21 years after the accident, and significantly increased SIR estimate was revealed for 2008–2013 (SIR 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.44). The highest incidence was detected in 2008–2013 among cohort members diagnosed over the age of 50 years mostly due to the significant excess among those aged 60–69 (SIR 2.46, 95% CI 1.32–3.59). Survival rates in cleanup workers were shown to be higher than in the general population of Ukraine (73.9% and up to 65.0%, respectively). Conclusions: SIR for the 2008– 2013 period, 22–27 years after the accident, demonstrated the significant excess of MM incidence among male cleanup workers. Survival of MM cases is higher in cleanup workers in comparison with that in general population. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”.

Catecholamine Excretion in Manic-Depressive and Schizophrenic Psychosis and its Relationship to Symptomatology

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Sloane ◽  
W. Hughes ◽  
H.L. Haust
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Manic Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

In a group of depressed manic-depressive patients, urinary adrenalin, noradrenalin, creatinine and volume on admission of the patients to hospital were significantly reduced compared to the values found on their discharge. A small sample of manic-depressed manic patients showed significant elevations in the urinary output of dopamine on both admission and discharge from hospital. A group of schizophrenic patients revealed no over-all difference between the amounts of adrenalin and noradrenalin excreted at the time of their admission to hospital when they were ‘sick’ and the values found when they were discharged as ‘recovered’. The magnitude of excretion of these two amines by this group was at both stages comparable to that of the group of manic-depressive patients on discharge. There was no correlation between catecholamine excretion and clinically rated thought disorder. The more anxious manic patients were and the more bodily symptoms they had, the higher their excretion of noradrenalin. In depressed patients the greater the anxiety and depression, the higher was the excretion of all three catecholamines and the fewer were the bodily symptoms.

Season of Birth in Schizophrenia

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eadbhard O'Callaghan ◽  
Tessa Gibson ◽  
Hubert A. Colohan ◽  
David Walshe ◽  
Peter Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Controls

Although it is well recognised that schizophrenic patients are more often born in winter, the significance of this finding remains obscure. Data relating to season of birth and family history were analysed for 561 patients with an ICD–9 diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patients with no family history of any psychiatric disorder group were significantly more likely to be born in winter than patients with a first-degree relative affected by schizophrenia. In comparison with normal population controls, only those without a family history exhibited a significant excess of winter births, suggesting an environmental factor of greater aetiological significance in these patients.

Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic patients on a two-choice guessing task

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Frith ◽  
D. John Done
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisOn each of a sequence of trials subjects had to guess whether a cross would appear on the left or the right side of a computer screen. The sequence of cross positions was random. Normal controls, manic-depressive patients and patients with senile dementia produced relatively random sequences of responses, as did acute schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms. Acute schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and chronic patients produced more stereotyped sequences with many response alternations (LRLR). Chronic schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and intellectual deterioration (defect state) produced very stereotyped sequences with many preservations (LLLL). This severe restriction of response sequences is similar to that shown by animals after treatment with amphetamine. It is suggested that it is due to an impairment of a higher order control process which normally inhibits the repetition of sequences of behaviour when these have proved inappropriate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document