Attitudes of Mental Hospital Visitors towards Unrestricted Visiting

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (531) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
K. Kumar ◽  
A. J. Willcocks ◽  
A. J. Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire

A programme was undertaken to study the attitudes of visitors to mental hospitals. Initially a series of individual non-directive tape-recorded interviews were conducted on a small sample of visitors, who freely discussed various topics, including staff attitude, visiting problems and difficulties in having a mentally ill relative. A provisional questionnaire was constructed from the significant points of the recorded interviews and was used on another sample of visitors in a pilot study, on the basis of which a final ‘multiple choice’ questionnaire was designed incorporating 28 items. Copies of the final questionnaire were then distributed from the wards of two mental hospitals to consecutive visitors, with a stamped envelope addressed to Nottingham University, informing them that the study was in connection with an independent survey. The distribution continued until few new visitors attended. Of the two hospitals, the first, The Pastures (Hospital A), serves a wide county catchment area and has an ‘unrestricted visiting hours' policy; the second, Kingsway (Hospital B), on the other hand, has a ‘limited visiting hours' policy and serves a compact urban catchment area. Altogether 510 questionnaires (75 per cent) were returned completed, 306 (8o per cent) for Hospital A and 204 (70 per cent) for Hospital B at the end of the study. The rest of the paper is confined to the analysis of these 510 questionnaires in relation to the question on the effect of unrestricted visiting, which has already been studied by Barton et al., from the nurses' point of view. The particular question asked by us was, 'some hospitals allow visitors to visit at any convenient time. What effect do you think this would have on (1) the patients, (2) the visitors, (3) the nursing staff, (4) the doctors?’ The replies were to be given on a five point scale for each question. The scale was ‘Very good-Good-No effect-Poor-Very poor.’ the graded adjectives being determined from the earlier tape-recordings.

Preliminary Tuberculosis Survey in a Mental Hospital

1946 ◽  
Vol 92 (386) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal F. Early
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Disproportionate Number

The problem of tuberculosis amongst mental hospital patients is of importance from both the psychiatric and public health point of view. Most of the active methods of psychiatric treatment must be abandoned or discontinued when physical illness intervenes. The problem is even more far-reaching from the standpoint of public health. Wingfield, Trail, Banks and McDougall (1942) have estimated that there is probably a reservoir of 250,000 infectious cases recognized and unrecognized in England, Scotland and Wales, and several authors have pointed out that mental hospitals contribute a disproportionate number to this reservoir. Modern methods of mental hospital administration with parole and leave privileges applied to the maximum number of patients lend importance to the public health aspect, not only the patients themselves and hospital staff being menaced, but also patients' visitors and relatives and other contacts outside hospital. The incidence of tuberculosis in mental hospitals has been variously estimated at 5 to 10 times and the mortality in peace-time 8 or 9 times that of the general population. These figures are sufficient to justify all efforts to bring the problem under control.

The Community's Tolerance of the Mentally Ill

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F. Brockington ◽  
Peter Hall ◽  
Jenny Levings ◽  
Christopher Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Main Components

A survey of attitudes to mental illness was conducted in a quota sample of about 2000 subjects in Malvern and Bromsgrove. Factor analysis showed three main components – benevolence, authoritarianism, and fear of the mentally ill. Residents of Bromsgrove, which is served by a traditional mental hospital, were slightly more tolerant than those living in Malvern, which has a community-based service, and has seen the closure of two mental hospitals in its vicinity during the last 10 years. The main demographic determinants of tolerance are age, education, occupation, and acquaintance with the mentally ill.

The Standardization of the Wassermann Reaction for the Use of Mental Hospital Laboratories

1931 ◽  
Vol 77 (318) ◽  
pp. 468-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Ford-Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

For many years psychiatrists have appreciated the clinical value of the Wassermann reaction, not only in diseases of the central nervous system, but in somatic infection in the psychotic and the mentally defective. As a diagnostic test for syphilis, reliance has been placed on this reaction out of proportion, perhaps, to its relative efficiency; sometimes without a full appreciation of the difficulties which the pathologist has to face in rendering the test as accurate as possible, and also of the fact that the results must be interpreted both on clinical and serological grounds. Adding to the difficulties of co-operation between the two groups of observers, there has been the fact that, owing to increased efficiency in anti-syphilitic treatment during the past twenty years, the strength of the reactions to be found serologically has become progressively less marked. Thus, it is inevitable that many of the methods employed hitherto, although at one time satisfactory and reliable, cannot now completely fulfil all the criteria of a reliable test so essential to accurate diagnosis and the control of modern methods of treatment. Further, and of even more importance from the point of view of research and of the necessity of making strict comparison of the results of one laboratory with another, it has been ascertained that very little uniformity of method exists. This lack of cohesion not only reflects upon the efficiency of the routine work and research in mental hospitals, but isolates them as a whole from the Ministry of Health venereal disease centres, in that in very many instances the methods employed could not be strictly compared. From these facts alone it will be seen that sooner or later the time was bound to come when all the requirements of a standard method should be investigated and, from among many excellent techniques, the difficult task be faced of choosing one or a combination of tests that would serve the needs of the clinician and serologist working in the domain of psychiatry. At the time of the inception of the Pathological, Bacteriological and Bio-Chemical Sub-Committee there was current amongst its members a desire that one of the aims of this section of the Research and Clinical Committee should be to investigate this difficult and highly technical problem of standardization. Thus, after the preliminary work of the Sub-Committee on various schemes of research had been initiated, I was asked at the meeting on February 13, 1929, to prepare a memorandum on a standard method of performing the Wassermann test. This report was entirely of a preliminary nature, and intended only to form a basis of discussion. While this was in course of preparation a questionnaire was sent to those mental hospitals undertaking serological work, with a view to ascertaining and contrasting in some detail the methods employed by each. In order that all interests in the various branches of psychiatry should be fully represented, it was unanimously decided that all members of the General Paralysis, Mental Deficiency, and Encephalitis Sub-Committees should be invited to co-operate. Thus, on May 3, 1929, a conjoint meeting was held at Horton Mental Hospital, Epsom, under the chairmanship of Dr. J. R. Lord. In the memorandum I dealt mainly with the work of the three laboratory conferences held under the auspices of the League of Nations in November, 1922, November, 1923, and May, 1928, the latter, held at Copenhagen, being by far the most important in its results and influence upon the researches into the serology of syphilis.

scholarly journals Compulsory admission to mental hospital in Thailand and England

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 355-357
Author(s):  
P. Kupituksa ◽  
J. F. Macmillan ◽  
K. L. Soothill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Compulsory Admission ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
National Differences

There are national differences relating to compulsory admission to mental hospitals. As a visitor from Thailand, it was of interest to me (PK) to compare procedures relating to admission, treatment and aftercare of the mentally ill in England and Thailand. In Thailand there is no equivalent of the Mental Health Act 1983. Although there are some legal provisions affecting patients' rights in Thai law, there are no legal provisions concerning ‘detained’ patients in mental hospitals.

scholarly journals One dose of Architecture, taken daily: Building for Mental Health in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>Thousands of New Zealanders were treated in the nation’s mental hospitals in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Existing research has examined this history of institutionalisation from the perspectives of policy, psychiatric medicine and nursing culture, but to date little has been written about the built fabric of this type of institutional care. This dissertation asks what does the architectural approach taken to Seacliff Asylum (1878-84), Kingseat Hospital (1927-40) and Cherry Farm Hospital (1943-71) indicate about official attitudes to mental illness in New Zealand. Architecture was thought to be capable of performing a curative role in the treatment of mental illness; the administrators of New Zealand’s mental hospitals stated this belief publically in various press releases and reports to the government between 1878 and 1957. This dissertation examines Seacliff, Kingseat and Cherry Farm against current thought regarding the treatment of mental illness and against best architectural practice in mental hospital design.   While these three institutions were the jewels in the crown of New Zealand’s mental hospital network, only Kingseat could be considered an exemplary hospital of its time. The compromises that occurred in the construction of Seacliff, Kingseat and Cherry Farm hospitals indicate that meeting the needs of the mentally ill was only one of a number of agendas that were addressed by the officials involved in the design of these institutions. Many of these agendas were peripheral to the delivery of mental health care, such as the political desire for colonial propaganda and professional concerns of marginalisation, and conflicted with the attainment of ideal environments for the treatment of mental illness. The needs of the mentally ill were a low priority for successive New Zealand governments who exhibited a reluctance to spend taxpayer funds on patients who were not considered curable. The architects and medical advisors involved in the design of these facilities did attempt to meet the needs of these patients; however, they were limited by a design and procurement process that elevated political and operational concerns over the curative potential of these hospitals.   This dissertation also examines the role of individuals in the design of these institutions. Architect Robert Lawson was reproached for deficiencies in the curative potential of Seacliff Asylum. Similarly, medical administrator Theodore Gray has received criticism for limiting the development of New Zealand’s wider network of mental hospital care. This dissertation establishes that Lawson and Gray deserve greater recognition for their relative contributions to the architecture created, within New Zealand, for the treatment of mental illness.</p>

scholarly journals One dose of Architecture, taken daily: Building for Mental Health in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>Thousands of New Zealanders were treated in the nation’s mental hospitals in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Existing research has examined this history of institutionalisation from the perspectives of policy, psychiatric medicine and nursing culture, but to date little has been written about the built fabric of this type of institutional care. This dissertation asks what does the architectural approach taken to Seacliff Asylum (1878-84), Kingseat Hospital (1927-40) and Cherry Farm Hospital (1943-71) indicate about official attitudes to mental illness in New Zealand. Architecture was thought to be capable of performing a curative role in the treatment of mental illness; the administrators of New Zealand’s mental hospitals stated this belief publically in various press releases and reports to the government between 1878 and 1957. This dissertation examines Seacliff, Kingseat and Cherry Farm against current thought regarding the treatment of mental illness and against best architectural practice in mental hospital design.   While these three institutions were the jewels in the crown of New Zealand’s mental hospital network, only Kingseat could be considered an exemplary hospital of its time. The compromises that occurred in the construction of Seacliff, Kingseat and Cherry Farm hospitals indicate that meeting the needs of the mentally ill was only one of a number of agendas that were addressed by the officials involved in the design of these institutions. Many of these agendas were peripheral to the delivery of mental health care, such as the political desire for colonial propaganda and professional concerns of marginalisation, and conflicted with the attainment of ideal environments for the treatment of mental illness. The needs of the mentally ill were a low priority for successive New Zealand governments who exhibited a reluctance to spend taxpayer funds on patients who were not considered curable. The architects and medical advisors involved in the design of these facilities did attempt to meet the needs of these patients; however, they were limited by a design and procurement process that elevated political and operational concerns over the curative potential of these hospitals.   This dissertation also examines the role of individuals in the design of these institutions. Architect Robert Lawson was reproached for deficiencies in the curative potential of Seacliff Asylum. Similarly, medical administrator Theodore Gray has received criticism for limiting the development of New Zealand’s wider network of mental hospital care. This dissertation establishes that Lawson and Gray deserve greater recognition for their relative contributions to the architecture created, within New Zealand, for the treatment of mental illness.</p>

Present Condition Analysis and Design of Sewer Collector Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Réka Csicsaiová ◽  
Ivana Marko ◽  
Jaroslav Hrudka ◽  
Ivona Škultétyová ◽  
Štefan Stanko
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sewer Network

The aim of the study is to assess the hydraulic capacity of the sewer network and sewer collector recovery in the urban catchment area of Trnava.The analysis focuses on the evaluation of situations with different precipitation frequencies. Elaboration consists of modeling the current state of the assessed sewer collector B and subsequent loading of this collector by several block rainfalls. Based on the results of the analysis, the recovery of the sewer network proposed.

First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kirsten Broch ◽  
Margit Riis Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Discharge Measurements ◽  
Quality Measurements

The paper describes the results of measurements from a 2 year period on a 95 hectare urban catchment in Aalborg, Denmark. The results of the rain/discharge measurements include 160 storm events corresponding to an accumulated rain depth of totally 753 mm. The water quality measurements include 15 events with time series of concentration of SS, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The quality parameters showed significant first flush effects. The paper discusses whether either the event average concentration or the accumulated event mass is the most appropriate way to characterize the quality of the outflow.

A Special Mental Hospital Unit for the Treatment of Psychosis and Neurosis in Juveniles

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (414) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton E. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hospital Unit ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
End Results

Since the treatment of juveniles as in-patients in a special unit is somewhat unusual in mental hospital practice, a brief introduction may not be out of place. These units might be considered as another development in a trend which has been progressing for the past 25 years. Until 1930 certification of all admissions to mental hospitals and a mainly custodial régime ensured the majority of patients being largely the end-results of psychiatric illness. Since 1930 the steadily increasing use of the voluntary system has brought many patients to hospital at a stage when their illness can be favourably influenced by modern therapeutic methods. An associated development was the increased provision of wards or units separate from the chronically disturbed cases, or even, as at this hospital, a complete villa system of detached and semi-detached wards for mainly voluntary adult patients.

Personal Adjustment and Authoritarian Attitudes toward the Mentally ILL

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fracchia ◽  
Charles Sheppard ◽  
Joseph Pintyr ◽  
James Crovello ◽  
Sidney Merlis
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
State Mental Hospital ◽  
Mentally Ill Persons ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
Large State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Mental ◽  
Inferior Class

The relationship between authoritarian attitudes, which reflect the belief that mentally ill persons comprise an inferior class requiring coercive handling, and personal adjustment was examined for 77 female psychiatric aides at a large state mental hospital. Correlations and analysis of variance suggested the lack of a systematic association between the two variables.

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