III. the Family and Social Background in Childhood Psychoses

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin ◽  
C. Ounsted ◽  
L. M. Richardson ◽  
R. F. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gaze Avoidance ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

The first paper of this sequence discussed the division of childhood psychoses into those with onset before the age of 3 (infantile psychoses, I.P.) and those with onset after the age of 5 (late onset psychoses, L.O.P.). The second paper described in detail the clinical phenomena in 80 psychotic children so classified at Oxford or Newcastle (see Table I), and showed that this division corresponded to clear-cut distinctions in the clinical pictures. The I.P. group showed gaze avoidance, abnormal pre-occupations, self-isolating patterns of behaviour, echolalia, overactivity. The L.O.P. group showed hallucinations and thought disorder. With these two groups clearly established we now look to see whether anything in their family and background also distinguishes them.

Social Environment and Creativity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Jiří Semrád ◽  
Milan Škrabal
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The paper deals with issues connected with the motivation of high school students to participate in activities aimed at professional creative activity and, in this context, issues of environmental influences, especially from school and the family. It is responding to some of the growing efforts of neoliberalism to over individualize creative expression and activities and completely ignore social influences. It also takes into account the cultural legacy of past generations and the sources of creative power that have taken root in society and from which individuals draw and process their inspiration. Presented within are the results of an empirical probe focused on the influence of the social environment on the creative activity of teenagers. The paper follows the relations to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between social environment and creativity, with an effort to capture the social conditionality of creative performances—to capture their roots. The results of the probe have confirmed the initial hypothesis that the creative efforts of secondary school students taking part in vocational training is based on the social background of the family and school. However, the family influence on the students’ creativity is not as significant as one would expect. It is the indirect effect of the family environment that has a larger influence.

scholarly journals Rare Variants in Autophagy and Non-Autophagy Genes in Late-Onset Pompe Disease: Suggestions of Their Disease-Modifying Role in Two Italian Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Filomena Napolitano ◽  
Giorgia Bruno ◽  
Chiara Terracciano ◽  
Giuseppina Franzese ◽  
Nicole Piera Palomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Clinical Pictures

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. The late-onset form of Pompe disease (LOPD) is characterized by a slowly progressing proximal muscle weakness, often involving respiratory muscles. In LOPD, the levels of GAA enzyme activity and the severity of the clinical pictures may be highly variable among individuals, even in those who harbour the same combination of GAA mutations. The result is an unpredictable genotype–phenotype correlation. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic factors responsible for the progression, severity and drug response in LOPD. We report here on a detailed clinical, morphological and genetic study, including a whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 11 adult LOPD siblings belonging to two Italian families carrying compound heterozygous GAA mutations. We disclosed a heterogeneous pattern of myopathic impairment, associated, among others, with cardiac defects, intracranial vessels abnormality, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, obesity and adverse response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We identified deleterious variants in the genes involved in autophagy, immunity and bone metabolism, which contributed to the severity of the clinical symptoms observed in the LOPD patients. This study emphasizes the multisystem nature of LOPD and highlights the polygenic nature of the complex phenotype disclosed in these patients.

Social and Familial Factors in the Development of Early Childhood Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Horwood ◽  
D. M. Fergusson ◽  
F. T. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
The Family

The role of social and familial factors in the development of childhood asthma by age 6 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Rates of asthma varied markedly with the child's sex; boys had twice the rate of asthma as girls. In addition, the factors associated with asthma varied with the child's sex. For boys, wheeze during infancy, early eczema, and parental asthma were all significant risk factors; for girls, the only risk factor was early eczema. Proportional hazards modeling of the data failed to show any significant associations between the development of asthma and a large range of other social and familial factors including breast-feeding, parental smoking habits, pets in the child's family, stress in the family, or family social background. It was concluded that asthma in early childhood appeared to be inherited to some extent, its age of expression was related to the child's sex, and it had a complex interaction with other forms of allergic disease. There was no evidence to suggest that the structure, practices, or dynamics of the child's family played a significant role in the development of asthma for children in this birth cohort.

Caregivers' perspectives on the pre-diagnostic period in early onset dementia: a long and winding road

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliane van Vliet ◽  
Marjolein E. de Vugt ◽  
Christian Bakker ◽  
Raymond T. C. M. Koopmans ◽  
Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Issues

ABSTRACTBackground: Recognizing and diagnosing early onset dementia (EOD) can be complex and often takes longer than for late onset dementia. The objectives of this study are to investigate the barriers to diagnosis and to develop a typology of the diagnosis pathway for EOD caregivers.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 92 EOD caregivers were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and grounded theory. A conceptual model was formed based on 21 interviews and tested in 29 additional transcripts. The identified categories were quantified in the whole sample.Results: Seven themes emerged: (1) changes in the family member, (2) disrupted family life, (3) misattribution, (4) denial and refusal to seek advice, (5) lack of confirmation from social context, (6) non-responsiveness of a general practitioner (GP), and (7) misdiagnosis. Cognitive and behavioral changes in the person with EOD were common and difficult to understand for caregivers. Marital difficulties, problems with children and work/financial issues were important topics. Confirmation of family members and being aware of problems at work were important for caregivers to notice deficits and/or seek help. Other main issues were a patient's refusal to seek help resulting from denial and inadequate help resulting from misdiagnosis.Conclusion: EOD caregivers experience a long and difficult period before diagnosis. We hypothesize that denial, refusal to seek help, misattribution of symptoms, lack of confirmation from the social context, professionals’ inadequate help and faulty diagnoses prolong the time before diagnosis. These findings underline the need for faster and more adequate help from health-care professionals and provide issues to focus on when supporting caregivers of people with EOD.

scholarly journals How Do We Love? Romantic Love Style in Men Is Related to Lower Testosterone Levels

2017 ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BABKOVÁ DURDIAKOVÁ ◽  
P. CELEC ◽  
I. KOBOROVÁ ◽  
T. SEDLÁČKOVÁ ◽  
G. MINÁRIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Testosterone has been widely investigated in associations with many aspects of social interactions, emotions and behavior. No research has been conducted on its contribution to the variability of love styles in human. The aim of this paper was to uncover the possible relationship between not only the actual plasma testosterone levels, but also the prenatal testosterone level (expressed as 2D:4D ratio) and the sensitivity of androgen receptor and love typology in young healthy men. There are six love styles which are primary including Eros (passionate romantic love), Ludus (playful) and Storge (friendly) and secondary love consisting of Mania (obsessive), Pragma (practical realistic) and Agape (altruistic). Our results pointed out that low testosterone concentrations are associated with higher score for Eros, Ludus, Pragma, Mania love style. No significant association was proved for other tested parameters of androgenicity (2D:4D, sensitivity of androgen receptor) and love style after correction was applied. Different attitudes and behavior in relationships do have a biological foundation related to endogenous testosterone levels in plasma. Future studies should address questions about the family and social background of participants to differentiate here between moral rules or/and social-conventional rules.

scholarly journals Late Onset Alzheimer Dementia in Patients with Genotype E3/E4: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (C) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi ◽  
Chiquita Putri Vania Rau
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Examination

BACKGROUND: Dementia is one of the leading causes of disability and dependence in elderly worldwide. Epidemiological statistics indicate that data show that at about 60–80%, Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer’s is also the third-most prominent cause of death in elderly. CASE REPORT: A 72-years-old male patient, complained by the family often forgets about things that have just been done for 3 years ago. According to the family, patient also often discussing the same things repeatedly. Patients tend not to have the initiative to start his daily activities. The family admitted that patient also became often angry and felt suspicious for the last 2 years. From the mini mental state examination showed disturbances in time orientation and recall; from Montreal Cognitive Assessment Ina found disturbances in visuospatial, fluency, abstraction, delayed memory, and time orientation; accompanied by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL disorders. Patient also performed a molecular examination of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and the genotype E3/E4 was detected. CONCLUSION: The function of the APOE gene, in particular APOE4, is the most emphasized genetic relationship in late onset Alzheimer’s disease. It is proposed that blocking the action of APOE4 can delay or stop Alzheimer’s disease progression.

Anorexia Nervosa in Down's Syndrome—A Case Report

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Cottrell ◽  
A. H. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Grief Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Normal Body Weight

SummaryA case is described of anorexia nervosa arising in a mentally-handicapped 35-year old person with Down's syndrome. The late onset is accounted for on the grounds that adolescent challenges had only recently arisen in this instance. Removal of the patient from the provocative situation, coupled with some effective psychotherapeutic ‘grief work’ with the family, was associated with restoration of normal body weight and menstrual function, following the patient's acceptance of the usual re-feeding treatment programme.

VI. Cognitive Factors in Childhood Psychoses

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin ◽  
M. Humphrey ◽  
A. McNay
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Park Hospital ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

This is the sixth and final paper of a series studying various symptomatic, physical and social aspects of a sample of 47 cases of infantile psychosis (I.P.) and 33 cases of late onset psychosis (L.O.P.). They were seen at the Park Hospital for Children, Oxford, and the Newcastle Child Psychiatry Unit.

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