Schneider-Oriented versus Conrad-Oriented Psychiatric Diagnosis in the same German Clinic

1976 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Koehler ◽  
Wolfgang Guth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Admission Policy ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The University

SummaryThe Chair of the University Nervenklinik in Homburg/Saar was held by Klaus Conrad from 1949-58 and by H.-H, Meyer, a former pupil and colleague of Kurt Schneider, from 1962-72. As the catchment area and admission policy of the clinic remained substantially unchanged throughout, comparison of the relative proportions of all admissions allocated to different diagnostic categories in 1949-58 and 1962-72 can be used to elucidate the similarities and differences between Conrad's and Schneider's diagnostic criteria. The results of this comparison indicate that Schneider's concept of schizophrenia was broader than Conrad's, and his concept of manic-depressive depx-ession more restricted. More detailed comparisons are complicated by differences in nomenclature and in the varieties of functional mental illness recognized in the two periods. However, it seems that Conrad's concept of mania was wider only when the atypical schizophrenia-like psychoses diagnosed during the Conrad era were added to the Conrad-oriented cases of mania; when this was not done, the Schneiderian concept of mania was broader.

Psychiatrists' accounts of clinical significance in depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Dariusz Galasiński
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Clinically Significant

Psychiatrists' accounts of clinical significance in depression Clinical significance is a crucial element in the diagnosis of mental illness, yet, it is practically untheorised and significantly under-researched. This article takes up the question of how the criterion of clinical significance is translated into psychiatric practice. More particularly, it examines how psychiatrists account for the threshold between health and depression. The paper is anchored in the constructionist view of discourse underpinned by the assumptions of critically oriented discourse analysis. It is based upon a convenience sample of 39 semi-structured interviews with specialist-psychiatrists in south-western Poland. There is no discursive space for clinical significance in psychiatrists' accounts. There is no boundary, no decision to be taken as to whether the symptoms are clinically significant. Depression, invariably constructed in terms of diagnostic criteria, is always represented as fully developed, appearing out of thin air, with no period of falling ill. The article raises the issue of the validity and usefulness of psychiatric diagnosis.

Manic–Depressive Psychosis in a Mentally Handicapped Person

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arumainayagam ◽  
A. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Handicapped Person ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Handicapped People

Diagnosis of mental illness in mentally-handicapped people is often difficult and complex, because of atypical presentation and lack of clear diagnostic criteria. A patient in whom seasonal variation in behaviour and mood gave a clue to the diagnosis of manic–depressive psychosis is reported.

Querulous Paranoia: Diagnosis and Dissent

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli W. Stålström
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The Relationship

The possible misuse of psychiatric diagnosis for political and social purposes not originally intended as coming within the domain of diagnostic categories is reviewed. One such example, the category of querulous paranoia, is described in terms of both diagnostic criteria and actual applications. Possible applications and potential for abuse of this classification are noted also, particularly with regard to the classification including reactions to actual, as well as imagined, persecution. The relationship between the use of the concept of querulous paranoia and psychiatric abuse, as well as points of difference are discussed.

Acceptability of Assisted Suicide in Patients With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sophie Gloeckler ◽  
Manuel Trachsel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Abstract. In Switzerland, assisted suicide (AS) may be granted on the basis of a psychiatric diagnosis. This pilot study explored the moral attitudes and beliefs of nurses regarding these practices through a quantitative survey of 38 psychiatric nurses. The pilot study, which serves to inform hypothesis development and future studies, showed that participating nurses supported AS and valued the reduction of suffering in patients with severe persistent mental illness. Findings were compared with those from a previously published study presenting the same questions to psychiatrists. The key differences between nurses’ responses and psychiatrists’ may reflect differences in the burden of responsibility, while similarities might capture shared values worth considering when determining treatment efforts. More information is needed to determine whether these initial findings represent nurses’ views more broadly.

Evaluation of the educational catchment area and decision-making support at the University of Szeged, Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Ferenc Kovács ◽  
Gábor Mezősi ◽  
György Sipos ◽  
László Mucsi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
The University ◽  
Decision Making Support

Diagnostic grammar and assessment: translating criteria into questions

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee N. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Standardized Interview ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThere has been concern about whether standardized psychiatric interviews make valid diagnoses. Agreements between the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), as an example of a standardized interview, with independent assessments by a clinician are reasonably high in most studies, but the clinical assessment is itself of uncertain validity. Using predictive ability is an alternative way of judging validity. Data are presented to show that the DIS is almost as good at prediction as a clinician's assessment, but here too there are problems. Because prediction is probabilistic (i.e. the same disorder can have multiple outcomes, and different disorders can share outcomes), it is not possible to say how good prediction has to be to demonstrate perfect validity.Across varied methods of validity assessment, some disorders are regularly found more validly diagnosed than others, suggesting that part of the source of invalidity lies in the diagnostic grammar of the systems whose criteria standardized interviews evaluate. Sources of invalidity inherent in the content and structure of a variety of diagnoses in DSM-III and its heir, DSM-III-R, are reviewed and illustrated, in part with results from the Epidemiological Catchment Area study.The relationship between diagnostic criteria and standardized interviews is symbiotic. While attempts to adhere closely to existing diagnostic criteria contribute to the diagnostic accuracy of standardized interviews, the exercise of translating official diagnostic criteria into standardized questions highlights problems in the system's diagnostic grammar, enabling standardized interviews to contribute to improvements in diagnostic nosology.

scholarly journals Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacov Rofé
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Integrate Research

<p>This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become  “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow &amp; Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé &amp; Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Quota System and Catchment Area Policy on the University Admissions in North Central Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824401665495
Author(s):  
Joachim Chinweike Omeje ◽  
Ene Inyamu Egwa ◽  
Victoria Ogwa Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Quota System ◽  
University Admissions ◽  
North Central ◽  
The University

Pink and blue: the role of gender in psychiatric diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
George Gillett
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Diagnostic Bias ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Why are the diagnostic criteria of some psychiatric disorders standardised by gender while others are not? Why standardise symptom questionnaires by gender but not other personal characteristics such as ethnicity, socioeconomic class or sexual orientation? And how might our changing attitudes towards gender, born from scientific research and changing societal narratives, alter our opinion of these questions? This paper approaches these dilemmas by assessing the concept of diagnosis in psychiatry itself, before analysing two common approaches to the study of psychiatric diagnosis; the naturalist and constructivist views. The paper assesses the relative merits and significance of each, before turning its attention to the nature of gender and its relevance to psychiatry. The paper introduces a framework to approach gender-based diagnostic bias and concludes by drawing a distinction between qualitative and quantitative standardisation, arguing that gender standardisation of psychiatric diagnoses is ethically justified in the former but not the latter.

Fullerton Virtual Twin Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
California State University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
The University ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractVirtual twins (VTs; same-age unrelated siblings reared together from early infancy) have been studied at California State University (CSU), Fullerton since 1991. The current sample includes over 130 pairs. Past and current research have research have focused on siblings' similarities and differences in general intelligence and body size. Future research in these areas will continue as new pairs continue to be identified. These studies will be supplemented by analyses of personality, social relations and adjustment using monozygotic (MZ) twins, dizygotic (DZ) twins, full siblings and friends, as well as new VTs, who have participated in Twins, Adoptees, Peers and Siblings (TAPS), a collaborative project conducted between CSU Fullerton and the University of San Francisco, from 2002 to 2006.

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