A Controlled Comparison of Simulated and Real ECT

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lambourn ◽  
D. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Controlled Evaluation ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

SummaryTwo groups of 16 patients with depressive psychosis took part in a controlled evaluation of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT). One group received six brief pulse unilateral shocks under conventional anaesthesia and muscle relaxation; the second group underwent the same procedure without receiving shocks. Outcome was assessed by a separate investigator using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression under double-blind conditions. The results showed that this form of ECT was only superior to the control treatment for one item in the scale, a finding which could have occurred by chance. The results suggest that the ECT pre-treatment procedure has an important therapeutic effect. This casts some doubt on current views of the effectiveness of electro-convulsive therapy in general, and of brief pulse unilateral ECT in particular.

scholarly journals Double-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE MARTINS VALENÇA ◽  
ANTONIO EGIDIO NARDI ◽  
ISABELLA NASCIMENTO ◽  
MARCO A. MEZZASALMA ◽  
FABIANA L. LOPES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of clonazepam, in a fixed dose (2 mg/day), compared with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder patients. METHOD: 24 panic disorder patients with agoraphobia were randomly selected. The diagnosis was obtained using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV . All twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to either treatment with clonazepam (2 mg/day) or placebo, during 6 weeks. Efficacy assessments included: change from baseline in the number of panic attacks; CGI scores for panic disorder; Hamilton rating scale for anxiety; and panic associated symptoms scale. RESULTS: At the therapeutic endpoint, only one of 9 placebo patients (11.1%) were free of panic attacks, compared with 8 of 13 (61.5%) clonazepam patients (Fisher exact test; p=0,031). CONCLUSION: the results provide evidence for the efficacy of clonazepam in panic disorder patients.

Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Cancer Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Van Heeringen ◽  
Milana Zivkov
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

BackgroundDepression has a reported mean prevalence of 24% in patients diagnosed with cancer. However, little systematic research on the efficacy of antidepressants in patients with cancer has been performed.MethodThe efficacy and safety of mianserin were studied in 55 depressed women with breast cancer (stage I or II and without known metastases), in a randomised, double-blind, six-week, placebo-controlled study.ResultsStatistically significant differences in the decrease in score from baseline on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the number of responders, favouring mianserin, were present after 28 and 42 days of treatment Significantly more placebo-treated patients prematurely terminated the study due to lack of efficacy while the safety profile of mianserin was similar to that of placebo.ConclusionsTreatment with mianserin resulted in a significant improvement in depressive symptoms in cancer patients, and was well tolerated.

A Controlled Comparative Trial of Mianserin and Diazepam in the Treatment of Anxiety States in Psychiatric Out-Patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Conti ◽  
R M Pinder
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Forty psychiatric out-patients with primary anxiety entered a double-blind trial comparing 2 weeks of treatment with mianserin 30–60 mg daily or diazepam 15–30 mg daily, followed by 2 weeks of single-blind placebo administration. Both drugs were effective anti-anxiety agents, but mianserin was significantly superior in efficacy as measured by the Physician's Global Rating of Severity of Illness. No differences between treatments were apparent using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. There were no significant differences in terms of side-effects, and both drugs increased anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision and constipation over baseline values. With one exception in the mianserin group, all patients who entered placebo treatment became worse.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrous Oxide in Reducing Pain of Propofol Injection in Adult Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sinha ◽  
P. K. Neema ◽  
R. C. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Pre Treatment

In a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial we compared the efficacy of pre-treatment with nitrous oxide (with or without premixed lignocaine in propofol) for the prevention of propofol-induced pain. Ninety consecutive patients were recruited in the study and divided into three groups of 30 each, who received either 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen along with lignocaine 40 mg mixed in 1% propofol 20 ml (Group NL), 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen without lignocaine in propofol (Group N), and 50% oxygen in air with lignocaine mixed in propofol 40 mg (Group L). Pain scores were graded on a four point verbal rating scale (0–3). Eighty-nine patients completed the study while one patient developed excitement, agitation and tremor during nitrous oxide in oxygen inhalation. Eleven patients (36.7%) complained of pain in the group L compared to 7 (23.3%), and 1 (3.3%), in groups N and NL respectively [group NL vs group L (P<0.001) and group NL vs N (P<0.001)]. There was no statistical difference observed between group N and group L. Inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide reduces pain on propofol injection. The combination of 50% nitrous oxide and lignocaine mixed with propofol was the most effective treatment.

scholarly journals Methylene blue treatment for residual symptoms of bipolar disorder: Randomised crossover study

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Alda ◽  
Margaret McKinnon ◽  
Ryan Blagdon ◽  
Julie Garnham ◽  
Susan MacLellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale ◽  
Active Dose

BackgroundResidual symptoms and cognitive impairment are among important sources of disability in patients with bipolar disorder. Methylene blue could improve such symptoms because of its potential neuroprotective effects.AimsWe conducted a double-blind crossover study of a low dose (15 mg, ‘placebo’) and an active dose (195 mg) of methylene blue in patients with bipolar disorder treated with lamotrigine.MethodThirty-seven participants were enrolled in a 6-month trial (trial registration: NCT00214877). The outcome measures included severity of depression, mania and anxiety, and cognitive functioning.ResultsThe active dose of methylene blue significantly improved symptoms of depression both on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (P = 0.02 and 0.05 in last-observation-carried-forward analysis). It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (P = 0.02). The symptoms of mania remained low and stable throughout the study. The effects of methylene blue on cognitive symptoms were not significant. The medication was well tolerated with transient and mild side-effects.ConclusionsMethylene blue used as an adjunctive medication improved residual symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Montgomery ◽  
Krai Chatamra ◽  
Lynne Pauer ◽  
Ed Whalen ◽  
Francesca Baldinetti
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

BackgroundPregabalin is a novel compound that has been shown to have efficacy in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder and is licensed for the treatment of the disorder in the European Union.AimsThe current study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pregabalin, an α2δ-ligand, in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in people 65 years and older.MethodThis was a double-blind, randomised (2:1), placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of pregabalin, in flexible doses of 150–600 mg/day, in the treatment of DSM–IV generalised anxiety disorder with a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) total score ⩾20. The primary outcome was end-point (week 8 or last visit, with last observation carried forward (LOCF)) change in HRSA total score.ResultsA total of 273 patients (women, 78%; mean age, 72 years (s.d.=6); mean baseline HRSA total score, 26 (s.d.=4.6)) were randomised and received study treatment. On the primary intent-to-treat LOCF analysis, pregabalin was associated with a 2-point greater reduction in HRSA total score than placebo (12.87 v. 10.7; P<0.05). In a post hoc repeated measures mixed-effect model analysis, pregabalin was associated with significantly greater improvement than placebo in the HRSA total score from week 2 (–9.8 (s.d.=0.6) v. −7.2 (s.d.=0.8); P=0.0052) through week 8 (–14.4 (s.d.=0.6) v. −11.6 (s.d.=0.8); P=0.0070). Significant improvement was observed in the pregabalin group on both the HRSA psychic and somatic anxiety factors. There was a significantly greater decrease from baseline in mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score with pregabalin compared with placebo (–5.48 (s.d.=0.46) v. −4.02 (s.d.=0.59); P=0.041). Pregabalin was well-tolerated, with almost all adverse events in the mild-to-moderate range, and self-limiting (median duration of 4–16 days). Discontinuations due to adverse events were similar for pregabalin (10.7%) and placebo (9.4%).ConclusionsPregabalin, in doses of 150–600 mg/day, was a safe and effective treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in patients 65 years and older. The anxiolytic efficacy of pregabalin had an early onset (by 2 weeks) and significantly improved both psychic and somatic symptoms of anxiety.

scholarly journals Effects of Celecoxib on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Banaha ◽  
Padideh Ghaeli ◽  
Abolghasem Yousefi ◽  
Valentin Artounian ◽  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Cognitive impairment, an important side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), may be related to the release of prostaglandins in the brain. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), constitutively expressed in the CNS, has a functional role in glutamate-mediated learning and memory. The goal of this pilot, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial was to evaluate the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the adverse cognitive effects of ECT. Twenty patients diagnosed with the major depressive disorder for which ECT was indicated as a treatment for their current episode randomly received either celecoxib (200 mg orally twice a day, a total dose of 400 mg/day) or placebo. All patients underwent the same protocol for anesthesia and ECT procedures. The patients received celecoxib or the placebo for the whole period of ECT treatment, starting the day before ECT and continuing until the sixth (last) session of ECT. The Wechsler Mental Scale-III (WMS-III), the Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), and Stroop Color test were used to assess cognition before the first session and after the first, third and sixth sessions of ECT. Hamilton rating scale for depression was also used for the assessment of depression before and after the trial. Our data showed that celecoxib group did not have significant improvement in cognition based on WMS-III or MMSE scores. There was an improvement in the Stroop Color test but not statistically significant. Our results demonstrated that although celecoxib was well tolerated in patients undergoing ECT, it did not improve related cognitive impairment. Clinical trial registration number: IRCT201201247202N2. CNS, central nervous system; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; ECS, electroconvulsive shocks; HAM-D, Hamilton rating scale for depression; LTP, long term potentiation; MDD, major depressive disorder; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III.

A Comparative Double-Blind Trial of the New Antidepressant Caroxazone and Amitriptyline

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cecchini ◽  
P Petri ◽  
R Ardito ◽  
S R Bareggi ◽  
A Torriti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

On the grounds of pharmacological properties and preliminary clinical trials the efficacy of the new antidepressant caroxazone was compared to amitriptyline in the management of depression. Forty patients mostly suffering from a neurotic or anxious-neurotic depression were admitted to a double-blind trial. All patients completed the study. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was used for the clinical assessment at the beginning, during and at the end of treatment. The trial lasted three weeks. A significant improvement was seen for both drugs after seven days on most symptom scores and on total symptom score. No significant differences were found either at seven days or at the end of treatment between the two drugs. There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of side-effects. In conclusion, caroxazone appears as an effective and well tolerated drug in the treatment of depression.

Lorazepam in the Management of Gastro-Intestinal Neuroses

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A El Roubi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Assessment ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Thirty-seven patients showing objective evidence of psychosomatic symptoms or gastro-intestinal neuroses, were given lorazepam 1 mg t.i.d. for one week and 3·5 mg/day for two subsequent weeks. Response, measured weekly by the Hamilton Rating Scale for anxiety showed that 23 patients were much improved, 11 were moderately improved and 3 were slightly improved. The improvement between pre-treatment assessment and final rating was significantly different (p > 0·001). Side-effects were mild and transient.

A Double-Blind Study of Dothiepin Hydrochloride (Prothiaden) and Amitriptyline in Out-Patients with Masked Depression

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Dahl ◽  
S J Dencker ◽  
L Lundin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

A group of forty patients who presented to their general practitioner with depression or somatic complaints, which were considered to be due to depression, were included in a double-blind trial of dothiepin and amitriptyline. Patient improvement as judged by the Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) indicated that both groups significantly improved over the 6 week period. Only in one comparison, CPRS after 1 week, was there any statistical difference between the groups and in this case dothiepin produced a better response than amitriptyline (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of side-effects indicated that the frequency and severity of certain individual side-effects, hypotension, tiredness/sleepiness and dry mouth were significantly less with dothiepin than with amitriptyline at Week 1 (p < 0.05). The overall incidence and severity of side-effects was also less with dothiepin at all assessments during the trial.

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