Leicester ECT Trial: Results in Schizophrenia

SummaryAs part of the Leicester electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) study, the role of ECT in schizophrenia was investigated in a double-blind trial. The Present State Examination criteria for schizophrenia were fulfilled by 22 patients, of whom 19 gave consent and entered the trial. Neuroleptic medication was restricted during the trial period. Patients were randomly allocated to eight real ECT or eight simulated ECT. At the end of the four-week trial period, patients receiving real ECT showed a significantly greater improvement when measured on the Montgomery-Asberg Schizophrenia Scale (MASS), the visual analogue global psychopathology scale, and the depression scale. The differences on the MASS and visual analogue global psychopathology scale were not due to improvement in depressive symptoms. The superiority of real ECT was not demonstrated at the 12- and 28- week follow-up, when treatment was not controlled.

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DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS PR0FYLAXIS WITH A LMW HEPARIN (KABI 2165) IN STROKE PATIENTS

10.1055/s-0038-1643217 ◽

1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M H Prins ◽

G J H den Ottolander ◽

R Gelsema ◽

T C M van Woerkom ◽

A K Sing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treated Group ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Trial Period ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Double Blind ◽

Safe Method ◽

Cerebral Bleeding ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Completed Stroke

In a group of 60 patients entering our hospital for completed stroke, within 72 hours after onset of symptoms, treatment with Kabi 2165 2x 2500 anti-Xa U s.c. was compared to placebo 2x s.c. in a double blind trial to test the assumption that Kabi 2165 could prevent DVT, without causing cerebral bleeding in the ischaemic area. The diagnosis of stroke was made on clinical grounds. A.CT-scan of the head was performed before entering the trial to exclude cerebral bleeding or tumor. Follow-up during a trial period of 14 days included a Fibrinogen scan - if positive followed by flebografy. After the trial period or when clinical deterioration occurred a CT-scan of the head was repeated. Before and during the trial period haematologic and coagulation data were obtained and will be reported. Obduction was obtained whenever possible.The patient groups were comparable, except for a slight preponderance of disturbed consciousness and atrial fibrillation in the Kabi 2165-treated group. This difference did not reach statistic significance. In the Kabi 2165 group there were 6 cases of DVT compared to 15 in the placebo group (p=0,05). In the Kabi 2165-treated group there were slightly more cases of cerebral bleeding and death during trial, respectively 4 versus 2 and 9 versus 4 (both NS). Cerebral bleeding occurred only in patients with a bloodpressure above 150/90 mmHg on entering.Although the patient group is still small, we like to conclude that in normotensive stroke patients Kabi 2165 2x 2500 anti-Xa U s.c. per 24 hours, is a safe method of DVT profylaxis.

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Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in elderly people

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.181.5.406 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 181 (5) ◽

pp. 406-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Sabrina Paterniti ◽

Marie-Hélène Verdier-Taillefer ◽

Carole Dufouil ◽

Annick Alpérovitch

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Elderly People ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Mmse Score ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

State Examination

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in elderly people, but the nature of their temporal relationship remains equivocal.AimsTo test whether depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in elderly people with normal cognition.MethodThe Center for Epidemiologic Study depression scale (CES – D) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning, respectively. A sample of 1003 persons aged 59–71 years and with a MMSE score of 26 or over was selected. Cognitive decline was defined as a drop of at least 3 points on the MMSE at 4-year follow-up.ResultsBaseline high levels of depressive symptoms predicted a higher risk of cognitive decline at 4-year follow-up. The MMSE score of participants with depression was more likely to fall below 26 at 2-year follow-up and to remain below at 4-year follow-up than the MMSE score of those without depressive symptoms. Persistent but not episodic depressive episodes were associated with cognitive decline.ConclusionsHigh levels of depressive symptoms, when persistent, are associated with cognitive decline in a sample of elderly people.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702616645777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1125-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Tasnime N. Akbaraly ◽

Clarisse Kerleau ◽

Marilyn Wyart ◽

Nathalie Chevallier ◽

Louise Ndiaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Circulating Inflammatory Markers

There is a growing interest in understanding the role of inflammation in the diet–depression relationship. The present study examined whether the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII; a measure of the inflammatory potential of individuals’ diets) is associated with recurrent depressive symptoms (DepS) (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score > 16 or taking antidepressants both at baseline and follow-up) assessed over 5 years in middle-aged men ( n = 3,178) and women ( n = 1,068) from the Whitehall II Study. For each increment of 1 SD of DII score, odds of recurrent DepS increased by 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.30, 2.12]) in women, whereas no significant association between DII and recurrent DepS was observed in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% CI = [0.92, 1.36]). This association was little attenuated after adjustment for confounders and after taking into account levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. In conclusion, there is an association between proinflammatory diet and recurrent DepS in women that seems to not be driven by circulating inflammatory markers.

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Prospective study on the association between serum amino acid profiles and depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256337

Author(s):

Takako Miki ◽

Masafumi Eguchi ◽

Takeshi Kochi ◽

Ami Fukunaga ◽

Sanmei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Working Population ◽

Serum Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profiles

Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that amino acids, particularly tryptophan and glutamate, play an important role in the pathology of depression, but prospective epidemiologic data on this issue is scarce. We examined the association between circulating amino acids and the risk of depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population. Methods Participants were 841 workers who were free from depressive symptoms and provided blood at baseline and completed 3-yr follow-up survey. 30 varieties of amino acid concentrations in serum were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of depressive symptoms according to serum amino acids with adjustment for lifestyle factors. Results A total of 151 (18.0%) workers were newly identified as having depressive symptoms at the follow-up. Baseline tryptophan and glutamate concentrations in serum were not appreciably associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. Risk of depressive symptoms tended to increase with increasing arginine concentrations; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus lowest tertile of serum arginine was 1.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–2.83; P for trend = 0.07). No clear association was found for other amino acids. Conclusions Results of the present study do not support a significant role of circulating amino acids in the development of depressive symptoms among Japanese.

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Depressive and Extrapyramidal Symptoms and Clinical Effects: A Trial of Fluphenazine versus Flupenthixol in Maintenance of Schizophrenic Out-patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.135.6.515 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 515-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Angela Knights ◽

M. S. Okasha ◽

Mohamed Ali Salih ◽

S. R. Hirsch

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Side Effects ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Fluphenazine Decanoate ◽

Flupenthixol Decanoate

SummaryFifty-seven patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were started on either fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate injections in a double-blind trial just prior to discharge into the community. During the six month follow-up 30 per cent dropped out of the treatment. Of those observed for six months, 7 per cent relapsed, 54 per cent experienced depressive symptoms and 88 per cent extrapyramidal side-effects. Analysis of both clinical data and the ratings failed to discriminate between the two drugs.

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I. Course of Illness, Stability of Diagnosis, and the Role of a Special Maintenance Clinic

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.146.5.464 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 146 (5) ◽

pp. 464-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

D. A. Curson ◽

T. R. E. Barnes ◽

R. W. Bamber ◽

S. D. Piatt ◽

S. R. Hirsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Fluphenazine Decanoate ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Blind Trial ◽

Chronic Schizophrenic ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Treatment Agency

SummaryA follow-up study of all patients entering the MRC double-blind trial of fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenic out-patients achieved a trace rate of 94%. In general, these patients were severely disabled, continued under the care of the maintenance clinic, and their diagnoses remained remarkably consistent; more than one-fifth were found to be in acute schizophrenic relapse and in over a half of these cases, the relapse was not known to the treatment agency. The maintenance clinic attenders were little different from those who no longer used such a facility.

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Does Viloxazine Really Improve Sex Drive? A Double-Blind Controlled Study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.148.5.597 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 148 (5) ◽

pp. 597-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Diego De Leo ◽

Guido Magni

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Expression Level ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Trial Period ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blind Trial ◽

Sex Drive ◽

Randomised Controlled

The action of viloxazine on libido and sex drive was evaluated with a randomised controlled double-blind trial against placebo on a population of 26 male out-patients affected by primary depression (DSM III). Modifications in the sexual sphere were assessed by the ad hoc inclusion of a series of items in the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Thus modified, the scale was administered at the beginning and the end of a four-week trial period. Viloxazine proved to have a considerable disinhibiting effect, whose principal expression level was a return to pre-depression levels of frequency in sexual relations.

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Double-blind Trial of Carbenoxolone Sodium Capsules in Duodenal Ulcer Therapy, Based on Endoscopic Diagnosis and Follow-up

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.3.5828.661 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 3 (5828) ◽

pp. 661-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

P. Brown ◽

P. R. Salmon ◽

Thien-Htut ◽

A. E. Read

Keyword(s):

Duodenal Ulcer ◽

Endoscopic Diagnosis ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blind Trial ◽

Ulcer Therapy

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Role of depressive symptoms in cardiometabolic diseases and subsequent transitions to all-cause mortality: an application of multistate models in a prospective cohort study

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000693 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. svn-2020-000693

Author(s):

Yanan Qiao ◽

Siyuan Liu ◽

Guochen Li ◽

Yanqiang Lu ◽

Ying Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

European Population ◽

Multistate Models ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background and purposeThe role of depression in the development and outcome of cardiometabolic diseases remains to be clarified. We aimed to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms affect the transitions from healthy to diabetes, stroke, heart disease and subsequent all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and elderly European population.MethodsA total of 78 212 individuals aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included. Participants with any baseline cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, stroke and heart disease were excluded. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Euro-Depression scale at baseline. Participants were followed up to determine the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. We used multistate models to estimate the transition-specific HRs and 95% CIs after adjustment of confounders.ResultsDuring 500 711 person-years of follow-up, 4742 participants developed diabetes, 2173 had stroke, 5487 developed heart disease and 7182 died. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with transitions from healthy to diabetes (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20), stroke (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.44), heart disease (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.34) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.49). After cardiometabolic diseases, depressive symptoms were associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.89), patients who had stroke (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.61) and patients with heart disease (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.44).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease, and affect the risk of mortality after the onset of these cardiometabolic conditions. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms may have profound implications for the prevention and prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases.

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Language Proficiency and Migrant–Native Disparities in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4782

Author(s):

Sousan Hamwi ◽

Elsa Lorthe ◽

Henrique Barros

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Language Proficiency ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Native Women ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

Migrant women have a higher risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) than do native women. This study aimed to investigate the role of host-country language proficiency in this disparity. We analysed the data of 1475 migrant and 1415 native women who gave birth at a Portuguese public hospital between 2017 and 2019 and were participants in the baMBINO cohort study. Migrants’ language proficiency was self-rated and comprised understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. PPDS were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a cut-off score of ≥10. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the association between language proficiency and PPDS. PPDS were experienced by 7.2% of native women and 12.4% among migrants (p < 0.001). Increasing proportions of PPDS were observed among decreasing Portuguese proficiency levels; 11% among full, 13% among intermediate, and 18% among limited proficiency women (ptrend < 0.001). Full (aOR 1.63 (95% CI 1.21–2.19)), intermediate (aOR 1.68 (95% CI 1.16–2.42)), and limited (aOR 2.55 (95% CI 1.64–3.99)) language proficiencies were associated with increasingly higher odds of PPDS among migrant women, compared to native proficiency. Prevention measures should target migrant women at high risk of PPDS, namely those with limited language skills, and promote awareness, early detection, and help-seeking, in addition to facilitating communication in their perinatal healthcare encounters.

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