Sex Differences in the Differentiation of Psychiatric Symptomatology

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Briscoe ◽  
J. L. Vázquez-Barquero ◽  
P. Williams ◽  
J. F. Diez-Manrique ◽  
C. Peña
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Using Data

A study was conducted using data obtained from the first stage of a community survey in Spain, in which the 60-item version of the GHQ was administered to 1224 adults. Three hypotheses concerning respondents aged under 55 years were tested. The first was that in the context of a principal-components analysis, a greater proportion of the explained variance would be accounted for by the first (general) factor in women than in men. This was supported. The second hypothesis was that the intercorrelations between the GHQ-28 subscales would be greater for women than for men. This was refuted. The third hypothesis was that the differentiation between anxiety and depression would be greater in men than in women. This was supported. The differences investigated were found not to apply among respondents aged 55 years and over.

Multivariate Analysis of Remains of Molluscan Foods Consumed by Latest Pleistocene and Holocene Humans in Nerja Cave, Málaga, Spain

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Serrano ◽  
Antonio Guerra-Merchán ◽  
Carmen Lozano-Francisco ◽  
José Luis Vera-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractNerja Cave is a karstic cavity used by humans from Late Paleolithic to post-Chalcolithic times. Remains of molluscan foods in the uppermost Pleistocene and Holocene sediments were studied with cluster analysis and principal components analysis, in bothQ and R modes. The results from cluster analysis distinguished interval groups mainly in accordance with chronology and distinguished assemblages of species mainly according to habitat. Significant changes in the shellfish diet through time were revealed. In the Late Magdalenian, most molluscs consumed consisted of pulmonate gastropods and species from sandy sea bottoms. The Epipaleolithic diet was more varied and included species from rocky shorelines. From the Neolithic onward most molluscs consumed were from rocky shorelines. From the principal components analysis inQ mode, the first factor reflected mainly changes in the predominant capture environment, probably because of major paleogeographic changes. The second factor may reflect selective capture along rocky coastlines during certain times. The third factor correlated well with the sea-surface temperature curve in the western Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) during the late Quaternary.

scholarly journals Validation in Principal Components Analysis Applied to EEG Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos G. D. Costa ◽  
Paulo José G. Da-Silva ◽  
Renan Moritz V. R. Almeida ◽  
Antonio Fernando C. Infantosi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Confidence Regions ◽  
Nonparametric Bootstrap ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Definition Of

The well-known multivariate technique Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is usually applied to a sample, and so component scores are subjected to sampling variability. However, few studies address their stability, an important topic when the sample size is small. This work presents three validation procedures applied to PCA, based on confidence regions generated by a variant of a nonparametric bootstrap called the partial bootstrap: (i) the assessment of PC scores variability by the spread and overlapping of “confidence regions” plotted around these scores; (ii) the use of the confidence regions centroids as a validation set; and (iii) the definition of the number of nontrivial axes to be retained for analysis. The methods were applied to EEG data collected during a postural control protocol with twenty-four volunteers. Two axes were retained for analysis, with 91.6% of explained variance. Results showed that the area of the confidence regions provided useful insights on the variability of scores and suggested that some subjects were not distinguishable from others, which was not evident from the principal planes. In addition, potential outliers, initially suggested by an analysis of the first principal plane, could not be confirmed by the confidence regions.

Morphology and genetics concur that Anoura carishina is a synonym of Anoura latidens (Chiroptera, Glossophaginae)

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo ◽  
Miguel E. Rodríguez-Posada ◽  
Nathan Muchhala
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi

Abstract Anoura carishina was described based on cranial and dental morphology, but the original analyses did not include Anoura latidens, a similar species of Anoura. We used morphological, morphometric, and genetic analyses to evaluate the taxonomic identity of A. carishina. We performed a principal components analysis to evaluate the correspondence between morphological and taxonomic groups for 260 specimens of large-bodied Anoura (A. carishina, Anoura geoffroyi, A. latidens, and Anoura peruana), and statistically analyzed traits diagnostic for A. latidens, including (1) morphology of the third upper premolar (P4), (2) size of the second (P3) and third (P4) upper premolars, and (3) angle formed by the maxillary toothrows. We find that A. latidens and A. carishina are indistinguishable, and share several characters lacking in A. geoffroyi, including a P4 with triangular shape, an under-developed anterobasal cusp in the P3, a smaller braincase, and a shorter rostrum. Phylogenetic analyses using ultra-conserved elements infer that the holotype and two paratype specimens of A. carishina are paraphyletic and nested within A. latidens, while one paratype diagnosable by morphology as A. geoffroyi nests within A. geoffroyi samples. We demonstrate that A. carishina should be considered a junior synonym of A. latidens, updating the distribution of the latter.

Factorial Composition of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test with Head Start Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Ball ◽  
James S. Payne ◽  
Daniel P. Hallahan
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Factorial Composition

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was administered to 354 Head Start children with a mean age of 4.4 yr. and a mean PPVT IQ of 75.73. A principal components analysis suggested an interpretation of a general factor of receptive vocabulary ability. Seven other factors with eigenvalues greater than one were found. These two were interpreted as possibly being named nouns and progressive verbs. Not ruled out, however, is their being due to error and specific item variance.

scholarly journals Components of Perceived Risk for Consumer Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent P. Vaubel ◽  
Stephen L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
The Third ◽  
Components Analysis

The present study examined the underlying dimensions associated with perceived risk for consumer products. Eighty undergraduate students evaluated 40 products using seventeen rating questions. Principal components analysis was then performed on the ratings. Results indicated the presence of three underlying components or dimensions along which the products varied. The first component dealt with qualitative aspects of the risks associated with a product, such as the degree to which potential hazards were known (or knowable) and the immediacy of their onset. The second component concerned subjects' familiarity with the product. The third component was associated with quantitative aspects of the risks and reflected notions about the magnitude of the potential harm (in terms of the number of potential victims) that might be incurred as a result of using the product. Subsequent regression analyses revealed that each dimension was significantly related to subjects' rated intent to act cautiously with a product. Overall, these results suggest that people do not perceive consumer products unidimensionally. Rather, such perceptions are best conceptualized as reflecting multiple underlying facets.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis: a practical guide for psychiatrists

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis Nikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Measures Of Association ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThis article is a practical guide for psychiatrists who want to apply basic and straightforward statistics in their research. It describes ways of summarising data and provides an overview of statistical tests for comparing patients' characteristics. Measures of association such as correlation and regression are also explained, along with principal components analysis, a method for reducing the dimensionality of data. Explanations are clarified using data from the published studies.

scholarly journals Do schizophrenic patients who managed to get to university have a non-developmental form of illness?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. MacCABE ◽  
E. ALDOURI ◽  
T. A. FAHY ◽  
P. C. SHAM ◽  
R. M. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Developmental Form ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University

Background. Many people who develop schizophrenia have impairments in intellectual and social functioning that are detectable from early childhood. However, some patients do not exhibit such deficits, and this suggests that they may have suffered less neurodevelopmental damage. We hypothesized that the aetiology and form of schizophrenia may differ in such patients. We therefore studied a group of schizophrenic patients who were functioning well enough to enter university prior to illness onset.Methods. The casenotes of 46 university-educated patients and 48 non-university-educated patients were rated on several schedules including the OPCRIT checklist, and the two groups were compared using univariate statistical techniques. Principal components analysis was then performed using data from all patients, and the factor scores for each principal component were compared between groups.Results. Univariate analyses showed the university-educated patients had an excess of depressive symptoms, and a paucity of core schizophrenic symptoms. Four principal components emerged in the principal components analysis: mania, biological depression, schizophrenic symptoms, and a reactive depression. University-educated patients scored significantly higher on the reactive depression principal component, and lower on the schizophrenic symptoms principal component, than the non-university-educated patients.Conclusions. University-educated patients may have a non-developmental subtype of schizophrenia.

Neurotic symptoms and subjective well-being in a community sample: different sides of the same coin?

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Jorm ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Neurotic Symptom ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Correlated Factors

SynopsisCommunity survey data on neurotic symptoms and subjective well-being scales were examined with principal components analysis. The two types of scales were found to load on separate, but negatively correlated, factors. Furthermore, some differential correlates of the two types of scale were found, but the differences were not great. It was concluded that neurotic symptom and well-being scales do largely measure different ends of a single continuum, but well-being scales seem to have an extraversion component not shared by neurotic symptom scales. Subjective well-being measures may be useful in epidemiological surveys where it is desirable to discriminate among low symptom scorers.

Multivariate Analysis of the California Test of Mental Maturity, Primary Forms

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda ◽  
Harry S. Novack ◽  
Elisa Bonaventura
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Mental Maturity ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The test-retest reliability of the profile yielded by the four subscores of the California Test of Mental Maturity was determined. Subjects were 716 pupils in Grades K, 1, and 2 who were tested twice within 8 mo. Canonical correlational analysis gave four statistically significant interprofile correlations, each based on a successively weaker canonical variate. These canonical correlations ranged from a high of .688 to a low of .167, raising some doubts regarding the stability of the test profile. The test-retest correlations between individual subscores ranged between .43 and .56, further attesting to the questionable reliability of these measures, at least for the lower levels of the test. Principal components analysis suggests the existence of a single general factor which, however, accounts for only a little more than half the total variance yielded by the battery.

The First Principal Component of Multifaceted Variables: It's More Than a G Thing

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan J. R. Jackson ◽  
Dan J. Putka ◽  
Kevin R. H. Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Employee Selection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Performance

Ree, Carretta, and Teachout (2015) raise the need for further investigation into dominant general factors (DGFs) and their prevalence in measures used for the purposes of employee selection, development, and performance measurement. They imply that a method of choice for estimating the contribution of DGFs is principal components analysis (PCA), and they interpret the variance accounted for by the first component of the PCA solution as indicative of the contribution of a general factor. In this response, we illustrate the hazard of equating the first component of a PCA with a general factor, and we illustrate how this becomes particularly problematic when applying PCA to multifaceted variables. Rather than simply critique this use of PCA, we offer an alternative approach that helps to address and illustrate the problem that we raise.

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