A Controlled Study of the Onset, Duration and Prevalence of Postnatal Depression

In a two-stage screening procedure using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Goldberg's Standardised Psychiatric Interview, 232 women six months after delivery were compared with control women individually matched for age, marital status and number of children, obtained from general practitioner lists, who were not pregnant nor had had a baby in the previous 12 months. No significant difference in the point prevalence of depression at six months was found between the postnatal (9.1%) and control women (8.2%) nor in the six-month period prevalence (13.8% postnatal, 13.4% controls), but a threefold higher rate of onset of depression was found within five weeks of childbirth. The possible explanations relate to the long duration of depression in women with young children, and the stressful effect of childbirth and its psychosocial sequelae.

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Childbirth: Life Event or Start of a Long-Term Difficulty?

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.166.5.595 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 166 (5) ◽

pp. 595-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Declan Murray ◽

John L. Cox ◽

Gail Chapman ◽

Peter Jones

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Late Onset ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Social Maladjustment ◽

Older Children ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

New Family ◽

Symptom Profiles ◽

And Control

BackgroundThis paper reports further data from the Stoke study of postnatal depression and examines whether psychosocial characteristics and symptom profiles differ between postnatal and control depression.MethodTwo hundred and thirty-two postnatal and non-postnatal control women were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; all high scorers and a sample of low scorers were interviewed with the Standardised Psychiatric Interview and modified Social Maladjustment Schedule. Depression was diagnosed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria.ResultsPostnatal but not control depression was associated with a poor relationship with the woman's own mother and greater occupational instability. Depression in control women was associated with low income, having three or more children, performing manual work and occupational dissatisfaction, but postnatal depression was not. There were no differences in the symptom profiles of the postnatal and control women nor between early and late onset postnatal depression.ConclusionDepression is a common and socially disabling disorder affecting mothers of young children. Postnatal depression is more contingent on acute biopsychosocial stresses caused by the arrival of a new family member. Depression in women with older children is more closely related to longer term social adversity.

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Role of axillary reverse mapping in decreasing complications after axillary dissection in breast cancer

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 2397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Gaber ◽

Ahmed Fawzy ◽

Ahmed Sabry ◽

Alaa El sisi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Radical Mastectomy ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Axillary Reverse Mapping ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Complications Rate ◽

And Control ◽

Reverse Mapping

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer deaths in female. Surgical treatment is considered the corner stone in its management. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is an integral step in most of surgeries done, however it has many morbidities like prolonged seroma and lymphedema. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) procedure was first described in 2007 in a trial to map the axillary lymphatics of the arm and avoid its injury therefore lymph complications.Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study over 72 female patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Patients were divided and randomized into study and control groups, thirty-six patients for each. In study group the ARM procedure was done by injecting 2.5 ml of methylen blue dye intra-dermally and subcutaneously in the upper inner ipsilateral arm along the medial intramuscular groove before ALND. Operative and post-operative results were recorded. Follow up was 6 to 24 months.Results: ARM procedure and successful visualization of arm lymphatics was achieved in 31 patients (86.1%). Statistically there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding patient and tumour characteristics, operative time and number of excised L.Ns. There was significant difference favouring the ARM group in decreasing the incidence of seroma (p= 0.040), lymphedema (p= 0.031) and time passed till remove drains (p <0.001).Conclusions: ARM procedure facilitated arm lymphatics visualization. It is easy non-time-consuming procedure. It resulted in significant reduction in incidence of seroma and lymphedema, with considerable reduction in the overall complications rate.

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Effect of Aprotinin in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x8601400411 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 390-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. V. Tuxen ◽

J. F. Cade

Keyword(s):

Distress Syndrome ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomised Controlled Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Seriously Ill Patients ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

And Control ◽

Seriously Ill

The possible beneficial effect of aprotinin, a broad protease inhibitor, on the incidence and outcome of ARDS was examined in two complementary studies. In the first study, the effect of aprotinin was assessed in 147 patients admitted with multiple trauma or shock. In the 57 patients who developed ARDS, mortality was significantly less in those who had previously received aprotinin (8/20, 40%) than in those who had not (26/37, 70%). Although both treatment groups were well matched, this was a retrospective study and a second prospective, randomised, controlled study was therefore carried out. In 78 patients at risk of ARDS, there was no significant difference between treated and control patients in the incidence, duration or severity of ARDS, or in mortality or other major complications. It is concluded that aprotinin is not effective in improving any aspect of ARDS or its outcome in seriously ill patients.

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Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1244-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sabrina Gisele Tobias da Silva ◽

Maiara Aurichio Santos ◽

Claudia Maria de Freitas Floriano ◽

Elaine Buchhorn Cintra Damião ◽

Fernanda Vieira de Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

School Age Children ◽

Control Group ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Therapeutic Play ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. Conclusion: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

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The Effect of Wrist Kinesiotaping on Hand Motor Exercise in Fine Motor Skill for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ◽

10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.278 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Erna Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Current Method ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skill ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Kinesiotaping (KT) is one of current method that being used for hands problems in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of kinesiotaping at wrist combined with hand motor exercise in fine motor skill for children with cerebral palsy.Methods: The design was simple randomized controlled study pre and post intervention. There were 18 children who divided into kinesiotaping and control group. Subjects in the KT group received hand motor exercise and wrist kinesiotaping. Subjects in control group received only hand motor exercise.Both groups received the exercise for 4 weeks. There were difference in the MACS score which is used to measure fine motor skills in this study. Pre and posttest scores were collected before applying kinesiotaping and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results: Both groups showed an increase in MACS score after 4 weeks intervention. For MACS score, there was statistically significant difference in KT group (p = 0.025), but not statistically significant in control group (p = 0.083).Conclusion: Wrist kinesiotaping can be used for adjunct therapy combined with conventional hand motor exercise for improving manual ability in the hand and fin e motor skill in cerebral palsy.Keywords: Cerebral palsy, fine motor skill, wrist kinesiotaping.

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The Effect of Education Given to the Caregivers of Patients with Stroke on Anxiety and Depression: An Example from Eastern Turkey

International Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.33140/ijp/03/02/00001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Stroke Patient ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Care Givers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neurology Clinic ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control

Background: As one of the chronic conditions, stroke brings about important problems for the individual, their family and the society. Aim: This research was made in order to determine the effect of training given to stroke patient caregivers on their anxiety and depression levels. Methods: This experimental research with pretest-posttest control group was conducted in Neurology Clinic between July 2011 and July 2012. The experiment group of the research consisted of 31 stroke patient lying for the first time in the clinic and control group consisted of 33 stroke patients who lied in the clinic before and also care givers. The pretest data was collected by the patient and care giver introduction form prepared by the researchers starting from the week the patient was accepted to the clinic, Barthel Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Posttest data was collected by using all scales after discharge of patient (except introduction form). In the evaluation of the data percentage, average, chi-square was used and also t test was used in independent groups. Results: According to research results a significant difference could not be found between anxiety and depression points of experiment and control groups before training (p>0.05). In the evaluation made after the training it was determined that the anxiety and depression points of the caregivers decreased and the decreases were significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a result it was determined that the training given to care givers in the experiment group decreased their anxiety and depression levels. We can recommend that nurses participate in educations on the care of patients with stroke, provide education to caregivers and arrange workshops to increase their awareness on this issue.

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Insall–Salvati index is associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears in men: A Case-controlled study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/23094990211069692 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 230949902110696

Author(s):

Necip GÜVEN ◽

Sezai ÖZKAN ◽

Tulin TURKOZU ◽

Adem YOKUS ◽

Cihan ADANAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Anterior Tibial Translation ◽

Study Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

And Control ◽

Tibial Translation

Purpose Many factors in the etiology of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, predisposing factors related to knee morphology have also been reported. This study aimed to determine whether the Insall–Salvati (IS) index, which measures patella height, is a predisposing risk factor for ACL tears. Methods The IS index, patellar length (PL), and patellar tendon length (PTL) values of patients (study group) that underwent arthroscopic reconstruction for ACL tears obtained by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with the index values in the preoperative MRIs of patients that underwent knee arthroscopy for reasons besides ACL tears. In addition, the anterior tibial translation (ATT) of both groups was also measured and compared on MRI images. The MRI findings of the subjects included in both study groups were arthroscopically confirmed. Results The mean ages of the study group (n = 120) and control group (n = 90) were 29.1 ± 8.2 years and 31.8 ± 9.8 years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of the PL and PTL values ( p = 0.016 and p = 0.001, respectively). The IS index was statistically significantly higher in the study group with ACL tears ( p = 0.009). The ATT was 8.61 ± 4.68 mm in the study group and 3.80 ± 1.92 mm in the control group. The ATT results of both groups were evaluated, and it was found that the study group was significantly higher than the control group ( p = 0.001) Conclusions As a result of our current study, we observed higher IS index values in patients with ACL tears than in patients without ACL tears. It should be kept in mind that patella alta, which is associated with a high IS index as one of the factors of knee morphology associated with ACL tears, may play a role in the etiology of ACL tears.

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Is Continuous Transpulmonary Pressure Better Than Conventional Respiratory Management of Hyaline Membrane Disease? A Controlled Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.58.6.800 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 800-808

Author(s):

David A. Belenky ◽

Rosemary J. Orr ◽

David E. Woodrum ◽

W. Alan Hodson

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Transpulmonary Pressure ◽

Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Control Groups ◽

Respiratory Management ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hyaline Membrane ◽

And Control

The influence of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on mortality and complication rates in severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was evaluated in a randomized, prospective study. Patients were admitted to the study if the PO2 was ≤ 50 mm Hg with FiO2 ≥ 0.6. Twenty-four patients in each of three weight groups were equally divided between treatment and control groups. The treatment regimen included CPAP (6 to 14 cm H2O) for spontaneously breathing patients and PEEP for patients requiring mechanical ventilation for apnea or hypercapnia (PCO2 ≥ 65 mm Hg). Control patients received oxygen and were mechanically ventilated if they had apnea, hypercapnia, or PO2 ≤ 50 mm Hg with FiO2 ≥ 0.8. Oxygenation improved after the start of CPAP or PEEP; however, PCO2 rose after CPAP was initiated. There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in mortality, requirement for mechanical ventilation, or incidence of pulmonary sequelae. The incidence of pulmonary air-leak was increased with PEEP. The findings suggest that CPAP and PEEP have not significantly altered the outcome of HMD.

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Controlled Study of Child Health Supervision: Behavioral Results

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.60.3.294 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 294-304

Author(s):

Margaret Frances Gutelius ◽

Arthur David Kirsch ◽

Sally MacDonald ◽

Marion Riddick Brooks ◽

Toby McErlean

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Toilet Training ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Series ◽

Developmental Problems ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Health Supervision ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Extensive child health supervision, with emphasis on counseling and anticipatory guidance, was provided for the first three years of life to an experimental series of 47 normal first-born black infants from low-income families living in the environs of Children's Hospital in Washington, D.C. The mothers were unmarried schoolgirls in normal physical and mental health. A control series consisted of 48 similar mother-child dyads from the same area. Data were collected, in part by an outside evaluator, at yearly intervals on both experimental and control series in a form suitable for coding on computer cards. Comparison of differences in behavioral results between the two series showed statistically significant findings in favor of the experimental children, as well as numerous favorable trends during the first six years of life. Positive effects became evident in diet and eating habits, in some developmental problems of growing up (such as toilet training), and in certain abstract qualities including self-confidence. Significant differences were also noted between the experimental and control mothers for various child rearing practices and personality characteristics. No significant difference or trend favored the control series. We believe that a causal relationship existed between the intervention amid at least some of the significant findings.

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Contrast Sensitivity of Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy Patients without Obvious Optic Neuropathy

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/943789 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ümit Beden ◽

Sümeyra Kaya ◽

Volkan Yeter ◽

Dilek Erkan

Keyword(s):

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Sensitivity Functions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Purpose. To compare the contrast sensitivity levels of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients without obvious optic neuropathy with those of healthy people.Methods. Forty eyes of 20 TAO patients without dysthyroid optic neuropathy and 40 eyes of 20 healthy subjects were evaluated in this prospective case-controlled study. The contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of all subjects were measured by the functional acuity contrast test (FACT) in five frequencies which were 1,5 cpd (A), 3 cpd (B), 6 cpd (C), 12 cpd (D), and 18 cpd (E). Results were compared for both groups, and a correlation of CSF with Hertel and clinical activity scores was assessed.Results. There was no statistically significant difference between TAO patients and control groups for age and sex. TAO patients had lower levels than the control group in all the frequencies of CSFs (P<0.05) and the difference in contrast sensitivity functions between the groups seems to be more significant in higher frequencies (B, C, D, and E) (P<0.001).Conclusions. TAO patients without DON can have contrast sensitivity loss and this would probably imply subtle optic nerve dysfunction in early disease phase.

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