Otago Women's Health Survey 30-Month Follow-Up

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Romans ◽  
V. A. Walton ◽  
B. McNoe ◽  
G. P. Herbison ◽  
P. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cross Sectional

Women who showed new psychiatric morbidity after a 30-month follow-up of a random community sample of New Zealand women were compared with those who were free of psychiatric disorder at follow-up. There were 25 new cases among the 215 women who were originally not psychiatric cases and who were re-interviewed. Using the weighted back population data to obtain prevalence figures for the general population, 6.9% became new cases over the two and a half years. Those who developed psychiatric disorder initially showed more psychiatric symptoms at a subdiagnostic level. Baseline factors that preceded the onset of psychiatric disorder were being separated or divorced, coming from a large family, having poor social networks, living alone, having few social role responsibilities such as paid employment or motherhood, and having poor physical health. An additional cross-sectional association at follow-up was poor financial security. Good social networks were closely linked with the number of a woman's social roles and appeared to protect her against the onset of psychiatric disorder. Consistent with the initial cross-sectional study, the follow-up data provide no support for marriage and child-care being risk factors for female psychiatric disorder. However, in New Zealand, these factors indicate social integration and are associated with superior mental health.

Otago Women's Health Survey 30-Month Follow-Up

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Romans ◽  
V. A. Walton ◽  
B. McNoe ◽  
G. P. Herbison ◽  
P. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Universal Relationship

The follow-up phase of a random community sample of New Zealand women contrasted the social, demographic, and clinical characteristics of those women whose initial psychiatric disorder had remitted with those who continued to describe significant psychiatric morbidity, two-and-a-half years later. Of 272 women studied at baseline and reinterviewed, 57 had originally been psychiatric cases. Twenty-five of those women (44%) were still cases at follow-up. Using figures that statistically reconstructed the original population from the stratified sample, the remission rate in the parent population was 61% over the two-and-a-half years (an average of 24% per annum). Women less likely to experience remission of their psychiatric disorder were of mid-age (45–64 years), with poor finances and with poor social relationships at the initial assessment. Although the age finding replicates a previous report from an Epidemiological Catchment Area study, it is not clear whether it is a universal relationship, true for all cultures. The alterations in social roles faced by women after child-rearing is a possible explanation, at least for New Zealand.

Changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in a community are related to changes in the mean level of psychiatric symptoms

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Whittington ◽  
Felicia A. Huppert
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThe paper of Anderson et al. (1993), based on cross-sectional data, showed that minor psychiatric disorder in a population is linearly related to the mean number of psychiatric symptoms in the population. The present investigation asks whether the same relationship holds longitudinally as well as cross-sectionally. Data from a 7-year follow-up of a general population sample demonstrate, for the first time, that a relationship exists between changes in prevalence of psychiatric disorder and changes in the mean number of psychiatric symptoms in a given population. Moreover, the relationship is linear; a one-point decrease in mean scores on the GHQ-30 is associated with a 6% decrease in prevalence of disorder.

Marriage, motherhood and psychiatric morbidity in New Zealand

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Romans-Clarkson ◽  
V. A. Walton ◽  
G. P. Herbison ◽  
P. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
Community Psychiatric

SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorder, as assessed by both the GHQ-28 and the short PSE, is described for a random community sample of New Zealand women. In contrast to previous studies, married and widowed women and mothers showed lower rates than the never married and childless women. A plausible explanation is provided by available analysis of New Zealand gender roles. Such an explanation would reconfirm the importance of socio-cultural factors in community psychiatric disorder.

Outcome of alcoholism in old age

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Alcohol Dependent ◽  
Current Alcohol

AbstractObjective:This retrospective study describes the follow-up of a birth cohort of alcohol dependent patients as they enter old age. The aim is to define the global outcome of survivors by combining a measure of current drinking behaviour with ratings for depression and dementia.Methods:A series of 100 referrals to a regional unit for alcohol misuse in Bristol, England, were followed up at a mean of 13 years after first referral for treatment. Survivors were traced when they were aged between 67 and 77 years. At follow-up interview, subjects were screened for current alcohol problems, depression and dementia.Results:The mortality rate in the cohort was raised significantly. Almost one third of survivors had depressive symptoms at follow-up and rates of global dementia were higher than expected in an aged-matched sample of the general population. However, the majority of survivors were classified as having an intermediate global outcome with less than 10% having a poor outcome.Conclusions:The high rates of mortality and psychiatric morbidity observed in this cohort illustrate the importance of detecting alcohol problems in the elderly. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings in a community sample of older people.

scholarly journals Positive attributes in children and reduced risk of future psychopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Vidal-Ribas ◽  
Robert Goodman ◽  
Argyris Stringaris
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Reduced Risk

BackgroundThere is little research on children's positive attributes and their association with psychiatric outcomes.AimsTo examine the hypothesis that children's positive attributes are associated with a reduced risk of developing psychopathology in future.MethodPositive attributes, measured with the Youth Strengths Inventory (YSI) and psychiatric outcomes were assessed on two occasions over 3 years in a large epidemiological sample of British children and adolescents (n = 5325).ResultsThe YSI showed high to moderate cross-informant correlations and longitudinal stability. Children scoring high on positive attributes at baseline had fewer psychiatric symptoms and disorders at follow-up, adjusting for symptoms at baseline, disorder at baseline and child and family factors. Analyses with propensity score matching also suggested that positive attributes decrease the likelihood of psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionsChildren's positive attributes are associated with significantly less psychopathology across time and may be a target for intervention.

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

scholarly journals The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ford ◽  
F. Macdiarmid ◽  
A. E. Russell ◽  
D. Racey ◽  
R. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population-based samples of sufficient size are rare.MethodThis secondary analysis combined data from two large, population-based cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow-ups (2002 and 2007), to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school-age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well-Being Assessment applying DSM-IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsApproximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3-year follow-up. Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores.ConclusionsHomotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.

Parental Concordance and Comorbidity for Psychiatric Disorder and Associate Risks for Current Psychiatric Symptoms and Disorders in a Community Sample of Juvenile Twins

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra L. Foley ◽  
Andrew Pickles ◽  
Emily Simonoff ◽  
Hermine H. Maes ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample

Social Networks and Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Romans ◽  
V. A. Walton ◽  
G. P. Herbison ◽  
P. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Demographic Subgroup ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

A random community survey of urban and rural New Zealand women revealed higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in subjects who reported poorer social support. Substantial differences in social networks were found between demographic subgroups. Rural women described better than expected social relationships, giving some support to the pastoral ideal of well integrated rural communities. Women in part-time employment also described better social networks. Elderly, low socio-economic, and widowed, separated and divorced women had poorer social relationships. It is suggested that normative values for social network measures for each demographic subgroup will need to be established before the clinical significance of deviations from the norm can be meaningfully evaluated. Also, the mechanisms linking social networks to health may vary in different subgroups.

Social factors and minor psychiatric disorder in middle-aged men: a validation study and a population survey

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stansfeld ◽  
J. E. J. Gallacher ◽  
D. S. Sharp ◽  
J. W. G. Yarnell
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
General Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Married Men

SYNOPSISA cross-sectional survey of minor psychiatric disorder is reported in a representative community sample of 2204 men between the ages of 45 years and 64 years living in Caerphilly, South Wales. Minor psychiatric disorder was measured by the 30-item General Health Questionnaire and validated by the Clinical Interview Schedule in a consecutive sample of 97 men, weighted to provide one-third cases, two-thirds non-cases. A case threshold of 4/5 on the General Health Questionnaire was chosen on the basis of ‘ROC’ analysis. An overall estimated ‘true’ prevalence rate for minor psychiatric disorder of 22·0% was found, with 22·3% of men scoring 5 or more on the General Health Questionnaire. Rates of minor psychiatric disorder were higher in widowed and divorced men than in married men but were also, unexpectedly, lower in single as opposed to married men. There was no social-class gradient in minor psychiatric morbidity but a lower rate in Social Class III NM may be largely explained by lower unemployment rates. There were markedly higher rates of minor psychiatric morbidity in unemployed men and those who retired ill. Men with no available social contacts had higher rates of morbidity than men with some or high social contacts.

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