The Prevalence of Autistic Disorder among Children with a Learning Disability

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumitro Deb ◽  
K. B. G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
Male Female Ratio

BackgroundIt has been suggested recently that the prevalence of autistic disorder may be rising. No prevalence study specifically among learning disabled children exists and so this study was prompted.Method. 767 children with a learning disability who attended 16 different special schools in the Grampian region of north-east Scotland were studied for a diagnosis of autistic disorder according to the DSM–III–R criteria. The study was conducted in three stages. In the first screening stage, a questionnaire was completed for each child by their teachers. In the second stage, teachers completed another questionnaire based on DSM–III–R criteria for autistic disorder. A final diagnosis was made on the basis of examination and information gathered from the questionnaires.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed for 634 (82.7%) children. 14.3% of children with a learning disability fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder. There was a male: female ratio of 3:1. This gave a 9 per 10 000 minimum prevalence of autistic disorder among all school-age children in the Grampian region. There was a higher prevalence of autistic disorder in the cities compared with rural areas. The prevalence did not change with age but increased with decreasing IQ.

scholarly journals Stroke prevalence among the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul: A community-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkü Türk Börü ◽  
Ahmet Şükrü Kulualp ◽  
Ömer Faruk Tarhan ◽  
Cem Bölük ◽  
Arda Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background: The population-based information on the prevalence of stroke from rural areas of Middle East countries including Turkey is unknown. Our aim is to evaluate the prevalence of stroke in those ⩾18 years in the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul. Methods: A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in a rural area of Istanbul between 1 March and 30 March 2013. A research protocol recommended by World Health Organization for developing countries was used. Each screening teams consisted of one neurologist, one local nurse, and five surveyors. Teams were trained about the survey and questionnaire. The patients, who claimed to have suffered a stroke, were examined, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist on site. The findings and medical records were documented. Results: In total, 2906 people ⩾18 years were screened. 50 stroke cases were detected. 80% of those were found to have had an ischemic stroke, 14% of those were hemorrhagic cases, and 6% of those had an unclassified stroke type. The overall prevalence rate in those ⩾ 18 years was 1.7%. The male/female ratio was 0.92. Young (<45) stroke prevalence was found to be 0.6%. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to show the stroke prevalence among Turkish population ⩾ 18 years in a rural area of Istanbul. When compared to other studies which investigate people ⩾45 years from Turkey, the result (in the same age group) was moderate high. The male/female ratio was low compared to many other studies.

scholarly journals PEDIATRIC EWING'S SARCOMA – AN EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CANCER CARE CENTER IN NORTH EAST INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Munlima Hazarika ◽  
Satya S Sarangi ◽  
Bhargab J Saikia ◽  
Partha S Roy ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Borthakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ewing’S Sarcoma ◽  
Ewing's Sarcoma ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Incomplete Treatment

Due to limited clinical data in paediatric Ewing’s sarcoma, the aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics and identifying prognostic factors for survival. We retrospectively reviewed 66 patients with paediatric Ewing’s sarcoma. Median age of presentation was 10 years. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.Femur was the most common site of involvement 13.6% (9/66). The median survival in this study was 52 months. Three and five year survival rate of these patients was 52% and 45% respectively. One out of the 7 patients (14.2%) who did not initiate treatment was alive at the time of analysis whereas 4 out of 8 (50%) patients were alive with incomplete treatment and 35 out of 51 patients (68.6%) were alive who completed treatment and this difference was statistically significant (p<.001).Those patients who completed the treatment protocol had a better survival as compared to those who defaulted or refused treatment.

scholarly journals Etiologies of neonatal cholestasis at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Md. Benzamin ◽  
Mukesh Khadga ◽  
Fahmida Begum ◽  
Md. Rukunuzzaman ◽  
Md. Wahiduzzaman Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Lipid Storage Disease ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Torch Infection

Background Neonatal cholestasis is an important etiology of chronic liver disease in young children. It has a varied etiology. There is considerable delay in presentation and diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis in Bangladesh. Lack of awareness and knowledge among the pediatricians regarding etiological diagnosis and outcome of neonatal cholestasis is the reasons for poor outcome in major portion of cases in Bangladesh. Objective To evaluate the etiological spectrum of neonatal cholestasis. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. We reviewed medical records of children who were diagnosed with neonatal cholestasis. Complete diagnostic profiles of every cases with age of presentation, male-female ratio and final diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 114 children with neonatal cholestasis were evaluated. Subjects’ male-female ratio was 1.92: 1.0, and mean age at hospitalization was 92.7 (SD 39.5) days. Biliary atresia was the most common etiology (47.4%), followed by idiopathic neonatal hepatitis/INH (21.9%). Other identified etiologies were, toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus b19), rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes/TORCH infection (8.61%), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis/PFIC (4.4%), galactosemia (4.4%), choledochal cyst (3.5%),  sepsis (1.8%), urinary tract infection/UTI (1.8%), hypothyroidism (1.8%), lipid storage disease/Niemann-Pick disease (0.9%), non-syndromic paucity of interlobular bile ducts (2.67%), and Caroli’s disease (0.9%). Conclusion  In Bangladesh, neonatal cholestasis cases are most often due to obstructive causes, particularly biliary atresia. Idiopathic (INH), infectious (primarily TORCH), metabolic, and endocrine causes followed in terms of frequency.

scholarly journals A study of clinicopathologic spectrum of vesicobullous disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Heena Mittal ◽  
Sukhjot Kaur ◽  
Bhavna Garg ◽  
Neena Sood ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Dermoepidermal Junction ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Detailed Clinical History

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Blistering diseases are alarming skin conditions. Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of bullous disorders characterized by pathogenic antibodies directed at the target antigens in the epidermis or dermoepidermal junction.</span><span lang="EN-IN">The objectives were to study the spectrum of histopathological changes by light microscopy, to evaluate the pattern of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and to correlate clinical, histopathological features and DIF findings of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin or/and mucosa.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present study was carried out on 110 skin and/or mucosal biopsies with vesicobullous disorders from July 2013 to June 2016. Detailed clinical history, morphology of lesions, site of involvement and other findings were recorded as per proforma.<strong> </strong>These cases were analysed clinically, histopathologically and on immunofluorescence</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of the patients presented in the age group of 41-50 years (30.9%). The male: female ratio was 1:1.15. Pemphigus vulgaris was the most common vesiculobullous disorder constituting 48.2%, followed by Bullous Pemphigoid constituting 27.3%. Dermatitis herpetiformis constituted 8.3%; Pemphigus foliaceous 3.6%, varicella and Stevens Johnson Syndrome both were observed in 2.7% each. DIF was performed in 81 cases out of which only 72 cases (92.6%) showed positivity. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">DIF is a sensitive tool for distinguishing immune mediated bullous diseases from other vesiculobullous disorders especially in cases which pose a diagnostic dilemma both clinically and histologically. The final diagnosis depends on correlation of clinical, histopathological and immunoflourescence findings.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Dermatological Patients at the Outdoor of an Upazila Health Complex

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
M Rizaul Kabir ◽  
M Abdul Kuddus Khan ◽  
Ananda Kumar Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Venereal Diseases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Skin Conditions

In outdoor of Adamdighi Upazila Health & Family Welfare Complex of Bogra district, the attendance of patients suffering from skin and venereal diseases were observed. Out of total 1,54,843 patients, 23,820 patients were suffering from various forms of dermatological diseases. The percentage of patients suffering from skin and venereal diseases were 15.34 %. Female patients were 13,667 in number (57.38%) and male patients were 10,153 in number (42.62%). Male, female ratio is 1.35:1. Most of the patients were suffering from dermatological diseases attending outdoor of the said health complex belong to 14 years and above age group (67.53%). It was observed that though previously most of the rural people neglected their skin diseases, but now a day, a good number of patients of the rural areas are conscious about their skin conditions and attend outdoor of health and family welfare complex.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3453   TAJ 2004; 17(2): 93-94

scholarly journals Evaluation of haematological findings in cases of pancytopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4311
Author(s):  
Roshny Jacob ◽  
Deepthi M. L. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Bone Marrow Study ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
One Year

Background: Pancytopenia is a clinical condition which poses diagnostic challenge to the haematologist. The aetiology of pancytopenia is varied and depends on many factors. A bone marrow study is highly indicated in cases of pancytopenia and it provides information regarding the underlying disease process. This study was done to learn the causes of pancytopenia and to document how each case was evaluated and followed up.Methods: The present study is a descriptive retrospective one year study on bone marrow samples received in the laboratory. Bone marrow samples included aspirate smears, imprint and trephine and their findings were correlated to arrive at a final diagnosis.Results: Out of the total 28 patients with pancytopenia, 35.71% were from the age group between 61 and 80 years. A male female ratio of 1.5:1 was observed. Most common presenting complaint documented was easy fatiguability. Anisocytosis with macrocytes and ovalocytes were the most common peripheral smear finding. In current study, a cellular marrow was described in 24 (85.71%) cases and hypocellularity in two (7.14%) cases. Final diagnosis was evident in 16 cases, in which the most common cause was acute leukaemia (14.28% each) followed by lymphoma infiltration and myelodysplastic syndromes in 3 cases (10.71%).Conclusions: Bone marrow study helps to arrive at a diagnosis of pancytopenia. But proper technique for sampling, good clinical workup and history taking and clinico haematological correlation is mandatory for the proper diagnosis of a pancytopenia case.

scholarly journals High rate of diabetes in the Asia-Pacific Island: Possible role of rapid urbanization – A hospital based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Rhoda K Ila ◽  
Venkat N Vangaveti ◽  
Usman H Malabu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pacific Population ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Asia-Pacific countries are experiencing lifestyle-related non-communicable disease crises. Kimbe, one of Papua New Guinea’s provincial capitals is noted as the fastest growing city in the South Pacific subcontinent yet its impact on diabetes mellitus (DM) is not known. To determine pattern of newly diagnosed DM, we conducted a retrospective review of Kimbe General Hospital medical admissions from January 2009 to December 2012. 125 patients were diagnosed with diabetes with male: female ratio of 1.1: 1. Overall, number of patients diagnosed with DM at the hospital increased rapidly from 16 in 2009 to 49 in 2012; p <0.05. Majority of the patients were of young population aged <50 years representing 72 % of the cohort and predominantly of coastal province of origin. Almost 3/4th of the study population was based in Kimbe town and its suburb with only 32 subjects (25.6%) identified as rural residents; p<0.05. This study suggests that subjects living in Asia-Pacific area of rapid urbanization are at higher risk of diabetes compared to residents of rural areas. It highlights the need for adequate health planning and education as part of urbanization program in the DM-prone Asia-Pacific population. Further prospective studies are needed to verify our findings.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 48-52

scholarly journals Current Disease pattern and Out-come of patients in a Medical Unit of a Pediatric Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-388
Author(s):  
M Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
M Atiqul Islam ◽  
AKM Tajuddin Bhuiyan ◽  
AFM Ashik Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
System Data ◽  
One Year

Background: Epidemiological trends of diseases and causes of mortality is not constant, it is always changing. Analysis of admitted patients gives us information on the burden of diseases in the community as well as cause of mortality. Objectives: To determine current pattern of admissions and their outcomes in a tertiary care Pediatric hospital. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital over a period of one year from 1st January to 31st December, 2015. All the admitted patients during the study period were included and data were collected from medical records for analysis of age, residence, mode of admission, referral source, disease profile and outcome. Final diagnosis and mortality were grouped according to involved organ system. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Total 1424children with a male and female ratio of 1.5:1 were admitted in one year. Patients younger than 5 years were 73%and 27% were less than one year. Respiratory infection, neurologic, hematology, oncologic conditions were the main diseases. Mortality was 2.6% and it was highest in nonspecific infection group followed by respiratory, hematologic, neurologic, and oncologic diseases. Mean duration of hospital stay was 11.5 days. Most patients 59.1% were admitted through Emergency Department(ED) and came directly to the hospital. Fifty percent of admissions were from Dhaka and neighboring areas and rest were from other cities and rural areas of Bangladesh. Conclusion: Non-specific infection, respiratory or neurologic diseases are main diseases found in admitted patients and these diseases were the main contributor to death as well. Most of the patients approach directly to this hospital and also through emergency department. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 386-388

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis amongst cases of acute encephalitis syndrome in a tertiary care centre of north east India: a four year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Daiji G. Mohan ◽  
Mayuri Gogoi ◽  
Ajanta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
North East

Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate the trend of JE and the different parameters associated with it.Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to December 2017. A total of 3531 consecutive non-repetitive patients, satisfying the clinical case definition of AES as per the WHO guidelines, were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were tested for JEV-specific IgM antibodies by the NIV JE IgM Capture ELISA Kit.Results: Of the 3531 patients admitted, 838(23.7%) cases were positive for JE IgM antibodies. There was a significant reduction in the JE positivity rate from 32.9% in 2014 to 13.3% in 2017. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1. JE positivity rate was significantly higher in adults as compared to children. The majority of cases occurred during the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Fever (100%), change in mental status (87.8%), headache (70.5%), neck rigidity (32.4%), unconsciousness (35.4%), seizure (43.9%) and paralysis (5%) were the major clinical symptoms. JE positivity was seen to be higher in the rural areas of Assam.Conclusions: A declining trend of JE was seen in this study, however further research work needs to be done to look for non-JE causes of AES.

scholarly journals The ecological fallacy and the gender ratio of suicide in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
Ka Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ecological Fallacy ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Gender Differential

SummaryChina is the only country in which the suicide rate is higher among women than men. We provide a demographic perspective on the gender differential in suicide in China. This shows that the male/female ratio of suicide increased between 1991 and 2001 and there is reason to believe this trend will continue. Among the population subgroups, only young women living in rural areas had much higher suicide rates than their male counterparts. It is argued that consideration of the gender ratio of suicide in China must take age-, gender- and region-specific suicide patterns and the population structure into account. The increasing urbanisation of China is likely to be associated with more male suicides and we predict that before long the male suicide rate will overtake that of females.

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