Assessment of Personality Functioning in the Transition from Adolescent to Adult Life: Preliminary Findings

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Naughton ◽  
Audrey Oppenheim ◽  
Jonathan Hill
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Psychosocial Dysfunction ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functioning Assessment

BackgroundThe Adolescent to Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (ADAPFA) a modification of the Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA) is described. It may be used to assess specific and general social dysfunction in the transition from childhood to adult life.MethodTwo raters independently rated 38 audiotaped interviews to test the interrater reliability of the instrument. The relationship between dysfunction in specific domains and overall psychosocial dysfunction was examined.ResultsInterrater reliabilities for the total ADAPFA score and for the majority of the domains were high. Agreement on type of dysfunction and on categorical ratings indicating the presence of personality disorder were good.ConclusionThe ADAPFA is a useful measure of interpersonal and social role performance in the transition between adolescent and adult life.

The Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA): factors influencing agreement between subject and informant

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
H. Fudge ◽  
R. Harrington ◽  
A. Pickles ◽  
M. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Informant Agreement ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderate Agreement ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Functioning Assessment

SynopsisThe Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA) provides ratings of interpersonal and social role performance in six domains over substantial periods of time. Ratings based on subject and informant accounts using the APFA were compared. There was good agreement for estimates of levels of dysfunction, and moderate agreement for type of dysfunction. An anticipated under-reporting of difficulties by subjects was not found. The extent of personality dysfunction was predictive of whether a close informant was available; however, closeness of informant was not consistently associated with subject–informant agreement.

scholarly journals Complementary approaches to the assessment of personality disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hill ◽  
Hazel Fudge ◽  
Richard Harrington ◽  
Andrew Pickles ◽  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Informant Agreement ◽  
Interpersonal Context ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Functioning Assessment

BackgroundCurrent concepts and measures of personality disorder are in many respects unsatisfactory.AimsTo establish agreement between two contrasting measures of personality disorder, and to compare subject–informant agreement on each. To examine the extent to which trait abnormality can be separated from interpersonal and social role dysfunction.MethodFifty-six subjects and their closest informants were interviewed and rated independently. Personality functioning was assessed using a modified Personality Assessment Schedule (M–PAS), and the Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA).ResultsSubject–informant agreement on the M–PAS was moderately good, and agreement between the M–PAS and the APFA, across and within subjects and informants, was comparable to that for the M–PAS. This was equally the case when M–PAS trait plus impairment scores and trait abnormality scores were used.ConclusionsThe M–PAS and the APFA are probably assessing similar constructs. Trait abnormalities occur predominantly in an interpersonal context and could be assessed within that context.

Links Between Expressed Emotion and Burden of Care in Relatives of Patients with Schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Scazufca ◽  
Elizabeth Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Demographic Characteristic ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundFindings that the EE level of a relative may change over time support the idea that EE may represent the circumstances of the relationship between patient and caregiver. The present study examines to what extent EE levels in relatives are related to relatives' burden of care and their perceptions of patients' deficits in social role performance.MethodFifty patients recently admitted to hospital with DSM–III–R diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were assessed for positive and negative symptoms. Fifty relatives who were living or were in close contact with these patients were interviewed for the assessment of EE and burden of care, and to provide information about patients' social role performance and social and behaviour problems.ResultsHigh-EE relatives had considerably higher mean scores for burden of care than low-EE relatives (12.5 v. 6.8, respectively, P=0.002), and perceived more deficits in patients' social functioning than low-EE relatives (means: 16.2 v. 6.9, respectively, P=0.004). The employment status of relatives was the only socio-demographic characteristic of relatives and patients associated with EE levels, those who were working being less likely to be high EE. Patients' psychopathology was not associated with EE levels and burden of care.ConclusionsThis study shows that EE and the burden of care are related. EE and burden both measure aspects of the relationship between relatives and patients. These findings suggest that EE and burden of care are more dependent on relatives' appraisal of the patient condition than on patients' actual deficits.

Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA)

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
R. Harrington ◽  
H. Fudge ◽  
M. Rutter ◽  
A. Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Social Domains ◽  
Functioning Assessment

The development of an investigator-based standardised interview to assess patterns of specific and general social dysfunction is described. It covers six domains of functioning: work; love relationships; friendships; non-intimate social contacts; negotiations; and everyday coping. Inter-rater reliability was tested by three investigators rating 21 audiotaped interviews, and was shown to be high, with an intraclass correlation of 0.87 for the total score. The pattern of associations between specific and general social dysfunction was examined through determination of sensitivities and specificities and through LISREL modelling. The findings varied across social domains but it was concluded that the total APFA score provided a reasonable measure of general social dysfunction.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Affect Integration and Psychopathology in Patients with Personality Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Christina Frederiksen ◽  
Ole André Solbakken ◽  
Rasmus Wentzer Licht ◽  
Carsten René Jørgensen ◽  
Maria Rodrigo-Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Emotional dysfunction is considered a key component in personality disorders; however, only few studies have examined the relationship between the two. In this study, emotional dysfunction was operationalized through the Affect Integration Inventory, and the aim was to examine the relationships between the level of affect integration and the levels of symptom distress, interpersonal problems, and personality functioning in patients diagnosed with personality disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Materials and Methods: Within a hospital-based psychiatric outpatient setting, 87 patients with personality disorder referred for treatment were identified for assessment with the Affect Integration Inventory and other measures (e.g., the Symptom Checklist-90, Revised, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 64 circumplex version, and the Severity Indices of Personality Problems). Results: The analyses revealed that problems with affect integration were strongly and statistically significantly correlated with high levels of symptom distress, interpersonal problems, and maladaptive personality functioning. Additionally, low scores on the Affect Integration Inventory regarding discrete affects were associated with distinct and differentiated patterns of interpersonal problems. Conclusion: Taken together, emotional dysfunction, as measured by the Affect Integration Inventory, appeared to be a central component of the pathological self-organization associated with personality disorder. These findings have several implications for the understanding and psychotherapeutic treatment of personality pathology. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of considering the integration of discrete affects and their specific contributions in the conceptualization and treatment of emotional dysfunction in patients with personality disorders.

A Hard Look at Stimulating and Predicting Development: The Cases of Bonding and Screening

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Robert B. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Psychosocial Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Formative Years

An axiom of medicine is to diagnose and treat a disease in its formative stages before it becomes so advanced that treatment is difficult or impossible. The same theme runs through aspects of neonatology and developmental pediatrics—organ systems and processes are laid down early in development and supportive or deleterious factors operating during these early stages can permanently influence or alter the course of development. Belief in "formative Stages was applied to behavior by Sigmund Freud who emphasized the crucial contribution of early experiences to adult personality. A half century later, the same general principle was used to justify Head Start, an educational program that was supposed to equalize the social classes by providing an intellectual boost to disadvantaged children during their formative years. The principle of "formative years" pervaded theory and practice in developmental psychology for decades, but there were always dissonant findings. For example, five decades of research shows quite clearly that test scores obtained within the first year or two of life do not predict later intelligence for normal children.1 Weight and especially skinfold thickness assessed during infancy do not predict later weight or obesity, and early social disadvantage and stress do not necessarily lead to later psychosocial dysfunction. Indeed, today the emphasis in some quarters of developmental psychology is on change, modifiability, and unpredictability in development rather than on consistency.2

Metacognition Mediates the Relationship Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Levels of Personality Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Roberto Pedone ◽  
Anna Maria Barbarulo ◽  
Livia Colle ◽  
Antonio Semerari ◽  
Pietro Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between perceptions of learning climate and employee innovative behavior and proficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Eldor
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceptions of learning climate and employee innovative behavior and proficiency. Design/methodology/approach Using robust analysis techniques on data from a sample of 419 employees and their supervisors from four different business and public sector organizations, the author tested the proposed relationships, as mediated by job engagement. Moreover, this mediation effect was examined in the light of sector of employment differences (business vs public). Findings The results were generally consistent with the hypothesized conceptual scheme, in that the indirect relationship between perceptions of learning climate and employees’ innovative behavior and proficiency was mediated by job engagement. However, with regard to sector employment differences, this mediation process was demonstrated among business sector employees only to the relationship between perceptions of learning climate and innovative behavior. When proficiency was included in the mediation model, this mediation effect was evident among public sector employees. Originality/value The research on perceptions of learning climate lacks empirical evidence on its implications for employees’ innovative behavior and proficiency. Although scholars contend that employees’ perceptions of learning climate should enhance their in-role and extra-role performance behaviors, these arguments are mainly non-empirical. Understanding whether perceptions of learning have an impact on employee intra- and extra-role performance behaviors is important, considering that the majority of workplace learning occurs through daily ongoing means that are part of the working environment and previous research results show that structured learning and formal training are less effective in improving employees’ performance at work.

Unpacking the combined effects of job scope and supervisor support on in-role performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Mushtaq ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Job Design ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the relationship between job scope and in-role performance is contingent upon the level of social support (i.e. supervisor support) received in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach A total of 640 questionnaires were distributed to employees of Pakistani companies, yielding 328 useable responses for analysis. Regression analysis was used to test for both hypotheses. Findings The results support the role of supervisor support as a moderator in the relationship between in-role performance, a dimension of job performance and job scope. The findings show that a higher job scope would facilitate higher job performance from employees who receive high levels of supervisor support. Practical implications The results provide useful insights for managers and consultants, especially HR professionals involved in job design and redesign. Organizations that encourage high levels of social support can help employees improve their job performance as they foster an environment where employees can get direct assistance and advice from their supervisors. Originality/value This paper makes three key contributions to the literature on job design. First, this inquiry shows that a strong link does exist between job scope and job performance; previous studies have failed to find a strong relationship. Second, it highlights how social context, especially in highly challenging work settings, can shape employees’ proficiencies and behaviors. Third, this paper offers a novel perspective in job design research by incorporating a contextual moderator (i.e. supervisor support).

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