Suicides in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Beijing

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. F. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

BackgroundDifferences and similarities were examined of suicide in Hong Kong, Beijing and Taiwan, the populations of which are all ethnically Chinese and share some characteristics of culture but which have very different social and political environments.MethodsThe official death statistics were used for the periods 1981–94 (Hong Kong and Taiwan) and 1987–94 (Beijing).ResultsHong Kong has experienced a slight increase in suicide rate, whereas a significant decline was observed in Taiwan and Beijing. The suicide rates in all three increased with age, the rate among the elderly being four to five times the average. A relatively low male:female ratio (1.0–1.9) was also observed. Jumping and hanging were the most common methods of suicide in Hong Kong and Taiwan, respectively. Hong Kong had the most years of potential life lost.ConclusionsDespite the remarkable economic growth in all three places during the study period, the differences in suicide trends suggest that the social and political environments may be more important than the economic environment in suicide. In Hong Kong the suicide rate is likely to remain high or even to increase.

Suicides in Hong Kong and Australia

Crisis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul SF Yip
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Although the suicide rate for both Hong Kong and Australia was about 12 per 100,000 in 1994, the age- and gender-specific rates, methods of suicide, and time trends vary greatly for these two places. This paper explores the possible social, economic, and cultural background to explain this discrepancy. We used the official suicide death statistics of Hong Kong and Australia for the period 1984-1994. We calculated age-standardized suicide rates in order to take into account the differences in the age composition between the two countries and years. We employed a log-linear (Poisson) model to detect the age- and gender-specific trends, and to determine whether there were specific age or gender groups whose suicide behavior had changed significantly between 1984 and 1994. Hong Kong experienced a slight increase in suicide rate for both genders in the years 1984-1994, whereas Australia experienced a cubic trend for both genders during the same period and a rise in suicide rate in recent years. The suicide rate in Hong Kong increased with age, with a sharp increase (nearly four times the average) among the group aged 75 or over. A relatively low gender ratio (male:female) was also observed in Hong Kong, whereas in Australia there was not much difference in suicide rates among all age groups, though the suicide rate of the group aged 75 or over was 1.2 times the average. The gender ratio in Australia was higher, and the male suicide rate was four times higher than that of females. The Hong Kong suicide rate in females was twice that of Australia, whereas the Hong Kong male suicide rate was about half that of Australia. Jumping and hanging were the most common methods of suicide in Hong Kong, accounting for more than 80% of all suicide deaths. Poisoning (including gas poisoning) was the most common method used in Australia, with firearms being more common among young males. Australia had a higher years of potential life lost (YPLL) than Hong Kong because of the higher suicide rate among young males (aged 15-24). The high suicide rate among the elderly in Hong Kong raises the possibility that medical and social support to the elderly could be enhanced. The high female suicide rate in Hong Kong could be related to workload, responsibility, and expectations. The high suicide rate in Australia among males aged 15-24 was disturbing. Availability of the suicide methods is certainly one explanation for the difference in suicide methods used in Hong Kong and Australia.

Firearms and Suicide in Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Cantor ◽  
Terry Lewin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Using Data

Australia has a moderate overall suicide rate but an extremely high male firearm suicide rate. Using data covering the years 1961–1985, a series of multiple regression based analyses were performed. During this period, overall suicide rates fell but firearm suicides remained constant with a resulting increase in the proportion of suicides by firearms. There has been an increase in suicides in the young offset by a decline in the elderly. Young males showed the greatest proportional increase in the use of firearms. A limited regional analysis supported the hypothesis that lack of legislative restrictions on long guns in Queensland with a greater household prevalence of such weapons and different cultural attitudes were associated with higher overall and firearm suicide rates. Such findings are consistent with reports from North America, although trends in Australia are more modest. Reducing the availability and cultural acceptance of firearms is likely to decrease suicide rates, especially in males.

scholarly journals Trends in Suicide Mortality in Montenegro From 2000 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Injac Stevović ◽  
Selman Repišti ◽  
Tamara Radojičić ◽  
Olivera Injac
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Methods Of Suicide ◽  
Cultural Features

Abstract Background: This is an ecological study that analyzes suicides committed in Montenegro during the 2000-2018 period, taking into account gender, age and methods of suicide. Methods: Suicide rates and trends up until 2009 were obtained from the official registers of Bureau of Statistics of Montenegro (MONSTAT) while the later data were obtained from the Department of Interior’s. MONSTAT also provided data on unemployment and average salary. As per statistical methods, descriptive and correlations were calculated. Results: The average crude suicide rate was 21.06, for males 29.93 and for females 12.42. Crude suicide rates were not associated with unemployment rate or average salary. However, the unemployment rate was significantly correlated with lethal methods of suicide, namely suicide by firearm and by hanging. Average net salary was negatively correlated with suicide by firearm. Conclusions: The ratio of males and females who committed suicide was 2.41. In the last three years, this ratio continues to rise in favor of males (reaching 4.29 in 2018). This could be explained by specific cultural features where males are expected to be the main financial contributors to the households. The labor market of Montenegro does not offer adequate opportunities to set and maintain a stable economic situation which puts additional pressure and stress on males.

Rural and Urban Suicide in South Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Ben Park ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Rural And Urban

Suicide rates in 2005 in South Korea were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Those in rural areas more often used pesticides and chemicals as a method for suicide, and there was a greater proportion of men and the elderly, both groups at higher risk for suicide in South Korea. These three factors may account for the high rural suicide rate in South Korea.

Institutions and the Ottoman Past

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-89
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Proximate Causes

This chapter looks at the role of institutions in economic development and the evolution of Ottoman institutions before the nineteenth century. It argues that while institutions are not the only things that matter, it is essential to examine their role in order to understand Turkey's experience with economic growth and human development during the last two centuries. The economics and economic history literature has been making a related and important distinction between the proximate and deeper sources of economic growth. The proximate causes refer to the contributions made by the increases in inputs, land, labor, and capital and the productivity increases. The deeper causes refer to the social, political, and economic environment as well as the historical causes that influence the rate at which inputs and productivity grow.

Suicide Rates in Canada before and after Tightening Firearm Control Laws

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Antoon Leenaars
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Firearm Control ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

In Canada, Bill C-51 was implemented in 1977 to restrict the use of firearms, providing a good opportunity to study the effects of gun control laws in the use of firearms for suicide. The present study examined the use of guns for suicide during the period prior to the bill and during the period after the passing of Bill C-51 to assess the association of the bill with suicide rates. Analysis showed a significant decreasing trend after passage of Bill C-51 on the firearm suicide rate in Canada and the percentage of suicides using firearms. The analysis supports the position that restricting easy access to lethal methods of suicide may assist in reducing suicide.

The social correlates of suicide in Hungary in the elderly

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lester ◽  
F Moksony
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Correlates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social

SummarySocial indices of social integration, such as divorce, were more successful in predicting the suicide rates of the elderly in the provinces of Hungary than they were in predicting the suicide rates of young adults.

Suicide rates in Irish counties

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Connolly ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Social Correlates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social

AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to explore the social correlates of the country suicide rate in Ireland.Method: Suicide rates for Irish counties were calculated for the period 1978-1984, a seven year period centred around the 1981 Census.Results: The county suicide rates were positively associated with death rates and the percentage of elderly population and negatively with change in population, the birth rate and the percentage of the population under the age of 15.Conclusions: There is good evidence to suggest that the official suicide rate in Ireland has been underestimated in the past. This underestimation may not have been uniform across all of the counties.

Epidemiology of Suicide and Parasuicide

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Platt
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

The epidemiology of suicide (1970–1990) and parasuicide (1970–1989) in Great Britain is reviewed. A wide variation in suicide rates exists across Europe, and the rates in England and Wales fall considerably below the median. Although suicide accounted for only 0.7% of all deaths in 1990 in people aged over 15, it was the second most common cause of death among males aged 15–34 years. In 1990, the suicide rate for males was 19% above that in 1970, while in females the rate in 1990 was much lower than it had been during the 1970s. Male suicide rates exceed female rates in all 10-year age groups. The lowest rates of suicide in both sexes and in all age groups occur among married people, and the rates among semi-skilled (class IV) and unskilled (class V) manual workers are higher than those in the other four social classes. The leading methods of suicide are poisoning, hanging and domestic gas, though deaths by domestic gas poisoning had disappeared completely by 1990 with the detoxification of gas. Men use violent methods to a greater extent than women. Only two British centres, in Oxford and Edinburgh, have monitored episodes of hospital-treated parasuicide during the period of review. Both British cities have parasuicide rates greatly in excess of the European median. Between 1970 and 1989, annual parasuicide rates were higher for females than for males. Self-poisoning has been the predominant method used in parasuicide. Parasuicide is a behaviour mainly encountered during adolescence and young adulthood, and parasuicide rates decline with advancing age. The lowest rates of parasuicide are found among the married, and the highest among the divorced. A direct relationship exists between parasuicide and social class; the lower the social class, the higher the rate of parasuicide. The rates of parasuicide are considerably higher among the unemployed, with females at greater risk than males.

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