Obstetric complications and risk of schizophrenia

BackgroundObstetric complications have been studied frequently as possible risk factors for schizophrenia.AimsTo test the hypotheses that individual obstetric complications are most strongly associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in males, in patients with an early age at first diagnosis and in subjects with a maternal history of psychosis.MethodCases of schizophrenia diagnosed between January 1971 and June 1994 were identified in the Stockholm County In-Patient Register. Controls were matched on age, gender, hospital of birth and parish of birth. Obstetric data were recorded blind to case–control status for 524 cases and 1043 controls.ResultsThis study did not find any large or consistent effect of gender, age at diagnosis or maternal history of psychosis on the risk of schizophrenia associated with individual complications.ConclusionsFuture studies should examine these effects using a much larger sample that includes patients with schizophrenia and control subjects whose genetic risk of schizophrenia has been assessed accurately.

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Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.179.5.403 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 179 (5) ◽

pp. 403-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Christina Dalman ◽

Hollie V. Thomas ◽

Antony S. David ◽

Johan Gentz ◽

Glyn Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strong Association ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Psychotic Illness ◽

Stockholm County ◽

Foetal Development ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Birth Data ◽

Birth Records

BackgroundPrevious research has found an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, but in many studies the sample size was limited, and no assessment of specific exposures was possible.AimsTo assess the role of different complications, and in particular to distinguish between disordered foetal development and hypoxia at birth.MethodFrom the Stockholm County In-Patient Register and community registers, we identified 524 cases of schizophrenia and 1043 controls, matched for age, gender, hospital and parish of birth. Data on obstetric complications were obtained from birth records.ResultsThere was a strong association between signs of asphyxia at birth and schizophrenia (OR 4.4; 95% C11.9–10.3) after adjustment for other obstetric complications, maternal history of psychotic illness and social class.ConclusionsSigns of asphyxia at birth are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in adults.

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Investigating Association of rs5918 Human Platelets Antigen 1 and rs1800790 Fibrinogen β Chain as Critical Players with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci6040098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Karami ◽

Maliheh Askari ◽

Mohammad Modarressi

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽

Human Platelets ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Β Chain ◽

Larger Sample

Thrombophilia gene variants have been shown to be associated with higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Due to the role of human platelets antigen 1 (HPA-1) and fibrinogen β chain (FGB) as critical players in the coagulation process, their most important variants including rs5918 T > C and rs1800790 G > A were selected to be studied in women affected by RPL. Three milliliters of peripheral blood were drawn from 110 women with history of at least two consecutive spontaneous abortion and 110 healthy women controls. rs5918 T > C and rs1800790 G > A of HPA-1 and FGB genes, respectively, were selected to be analyzed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR_RFLP) following DNA isolation using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. Heterozygote genotype (TC) of HPA-1 gene rs5918 polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of RPL (p-value = 0.02). Although, rs1800790 G > A of FGB gene was not associated with RPL, its combination with rs5918 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of RPL. Owing to the critical roles of FGB and HPA-1 genes in coagulation, and thrombosis and several confinements on the meaningful association between the combination of those polymorphism with risk of RPL, including them in the thrombophilia panel may increase detection rate of hereditary thrombophilia patients. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to shed light on the exact role of the studied gene polymorphism, especially rs1800790 G > A of FGB gene variant in pathogenesis of RPL.

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Assessment of plasma blood sugar level in first degree relatives of known type 2 diabetes patients: a descriptive study from Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

J. K. Deshmukh ◽

P. Y. Mulay ◽

Amit G. Naghate ◽

Anant A. Takalkar

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Health Check ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Maternal History ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Background: There is steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 0.73% to current 2.4% in rural and 4.0% to 11.6% in urban areas. Familial clustering of diabetes may support a genetic predisposition to diabetes. With increase in the prevalence of diabetes there is increase in number of first degree relative as well, thus an increased risk of developing diabetes, will also increase. To study the plasma glucose levels in First-degree relatives of family member of type 2 diabetic patients was the objective of the present study.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study with 1020 individuals serially coming to our outpatient Department for Pre-employment Medical Health Check Up Annual Health Check Up were selected. These individuals have been enrolled for the study and their family history of diabetes was noted, their sugar levels and their lipid levels were estimated and their body mass index was calculated. The data thus collected and analyzed with excel.Results: 184 (18%) individuals were FDRs, were as 836 (82%) individuals were Non-FDRs. There were 754 (74%) males [131(17%) FDR and 623(83%) Non-FDR], were as 213 (26%) females [53(20%) FDR and 213(80%) Non-FDR], 61(6%) individuals were having Diabetic Mother, 91(9%) individuals had Diabetic Father and 32(3%) were those in whom both the Parents were Diabetic. It was found that maternal history has strong association for getting abnormal BSL levels as compared to a diabetic father as the RR of 9.82 (95% 4.84 to 19.95) in individuals with mother being diabetic, and RR of 1.54(95% 0.68 to 3.87) of father being diabetic.Conclusions: Family history of diabetes, maternal history of diabetes and history of both the parents having diabetes are risk factors for diabetes in FDRs.

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Associations between clinical canine leishmaniosis and multiple vector-borne co-infections: a case-control serological study

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2083-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charalampos Attipa ◽

Laia Solano-Gallego ◽

Christian M. Leutenegger ◽

Kostas Papasouliotis ◽

Francesca Soutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Case Control ◽

Canine Leishmaniosis ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

And Control ◽

Antibody Tests

Abstract Background Dogs that have clinical leishmaniosis (ClinL), caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum, are commonly co-infected with other pathogens, especially vector-borne pathogens (VBP). A recent PCR-based study found that ClinL dogs are more likely to be additionally infected with the rickettsial bacteria Ehrlichia canis. Further information on co-infections in ClinL cases with VBP, as assessed by serology, is required. The research described in this report determined if dogs with ClinL are at higher risk of exposure to VBP than healthy control dogs using a case-control serology study. Results Of the 47 dogs with ClinL, anti-E. canis/ Ehrlichia ewingii antibodies were detected in 17 (36.2%), anti-Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys antibodies in 5 (10.6%) and antigen for Dirofilaria immitis in 2 (4.3%). Of the 87 control dogs, anti-E. canis/E. ewingii antibodies were detected in 14 (16.1%) and anti-A. phagocytophilum/A. platys antibodies in 2 (2.3%). No anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody tests were positive. No statistical differences between the ClinL dogs and control dogs regarding lifestyle or use of ectoparasitic prevention, were identified. The ClinL was significantly associated with anti-E. canis/E. ewingii antibodies (odds ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–6.7, P = 0.010) compared to controls by both multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modelling. Conclusions It was demonstrated that an increased risk for E. canis/E. ewingii seropositivity is present in dogs with ClinL compared to clinically healthy control dogs, despite similar ectoparasitic prevention use and lifestyle. Based on these findings it is suggested that dogs with ClinL should not only be tested for E. canis co-infection using PCR but also serologically for E. canis/E. ewingii.

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Suicide in Psychiatric Inpatients— A Case–Control Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Eberhard A. Deisenhammer ◽

Elisa-Marie Behrndt-Bauer ◽

Georg Kemmler ◽

Christian Haring ◽

Carl Miller

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inpatient Suicide ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Objective: Psychiatric inpatients constitute a population at considerably increased risk for suicide. Identifying those at imminent risk is still a challenging task for hospital staff. This retrospective case–control study focused on clinical risk factors related to the course of the hospital stay.Method: Inpatient suicide cases were identified by linking the Tyrol Suicide Register with the registers of three psychiatric hospitals in the state. Control subjects were patients who had also been hospitalized in the respective psychiatric unit but had not died by suicide. Matching variables included sex, age, hospital, diagnosis, and admission date. The study period comprised 7 years. Data were analyzed by the appropriate two-sample tests and by logistic regression.Results: A total of 30 inpatient suicide cases and 54 control patients were included. A number of factors differentiated cases from controls; after correction for multiple testing, the following retained significance: history of aborted suicide, history of attempted suicide, history of any suicidal behavior/threats, suicidal ideation continuing during hospitalization, no development of prospective plans, no improvement of mood during the hospital stay, and leaving ward without giving notice. Logistic regression identified the latter three variables and history of attempted suicide as highly significant predictors of inpatient suicide.Conclusions: Preventive measures during hospitalization include thorough assessment of suicidal features, an emphasis on the development of future perspectives, and a review of hospital regulations for patients who want to leave the ward.

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Maternal spontaneous abortion and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a population-based cohort study

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deaa035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1211-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Fei Li ◽

Maohua Miao ◽

Yongfu Yu ◽

Honglei Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Development Program ◽

Population Based ◽

Parental History ◽

Maternal History ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is a maternal history of spontaneous abortion (SA) associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest an association between maternal history of SA and ADHD in offspring, with the risk increasing with the number of maternal SA and highest in the firstborn children whose mothers had had recurrent SAs after adjusting for a number of potential confounders. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A history of SA has been associated with more complications in next pregnancies and adverse childbirth outcomes, which are risk factors for ADHD in the offspring. However, no previous study has investigated whether maternal SA increases risk of ADHD in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based study included all live-born children in Denmark from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2012 (n = 1 062 667). All children were followed from 3 years of age until the day of ADHD diagnosis, death, emigration or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS There were 130 206 (12.2%) children born to mothers who had at least one SA. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 5.4–14.3), 25 747 children were diagnosed with ADHD. Overall, children of mothers with a history of SA had an increased rate of ADHD (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.15). The HRs increased with the number of maternal SA, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.13) for one SA and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.33) for at least two SAs, respectively. These findings were consistent when we took into consideration a number of factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status, type of SA, birth order, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pregnancy characteristics and adverse birth outcomes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Misclassification of SA was possible as we used population-based register data to capture maternal history of SA. However, any misclassification of maternal history of SA would be non-differential with regard to the diagnosis of ADHD in offspring, which generally leads to underestimation of the associations. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that only 1% of change in the estimate may have been due to misclassification of SA. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS SA is quite frequent (varying from 15 to 20%), and a small increase of neurodevelopmental problems in offspring could have major public health implications. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703237, No. 81530086 and No. 81761128035), National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC1002801, 2016YFC1000505), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (No. 2017ZZ02026, No. 2017EKHWYX-02), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0052029), the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-6110-00019), the Nordic Cancer Union (176673, 186200 and R217-A13234-18-S65), Karen Elise Jensens Fond (2016) and Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2018YJRC03). All authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

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Correlates and predictors of self-harm in a prospective sample of sexually assaulted adolescents

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104520920332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 847-859

Author(s):

Fatima Valencia-Agudo ◽

Tami Kramer ◽

Venetia Clarke ◽

Andrea Goddard ◽

Sophie Khadr

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Future Studies ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

Self Harm ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Larger Sample

Background: Sexual assault of adolescents is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including self-harm. Little is known about correlates and predictors of self-harm after sexual assault. We hypothesized that pre-assault vulnerabilities and post-assault psychological distress would be associated with self-harm after experiencing a recent sexual assault. Methods: The sample was recruited from adolescents aged 13 to 17 years accessing sexual assault centers and it included 98 females. Longitudinal data were collected at T0 (3.9 weeks on average post-assault) and T1 (21.8 weeks on average post-assault). Bivariate analysis and hierarchical binary logistic regressions were performed. Results: The rate of self-harm was 38.1% before the assault and 37.8% after the assault ( T1). History of family dysfunction ( OR 3.60 (1.30, 10.01)), depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 5.83 (2.35, 14.43)) or T1 ( OR 2.79 (1.20, 6.50), and posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 ( OR 3.21 (1.36, 7.58)) predicted self-harm at T1. These effects were attenuated when adjusting for confounders, except for depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 4.21 (1.57, 11.28)). Discussion: Clinical implications for the prevention of onset or continuation of self-harm following adolescent sexual assault are discussed. Future studies should replicate these findings in a larger sample and consider different trajectories of self-harm.

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Inflammatory potential of diet and risk for hepatocellular cancer in a case–control study from Italy

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515004419 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 324-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Jerry Polesel ◽

Antonella Zucchetto ◽

Anna Crispo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Hepatocellular Cancer ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Case Control ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

AbstractInflammation and diet have been suggested to be important risk factors for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This Italian multicentre hospital-based case–control study conducted between 1999 and 2002 and including 185 cases with incident, histologically confirmed HCC, and 404 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases provided an opportunity to investigate the association between HCC and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The DII was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed 2 years before the date of interview by a validated sixty-three-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, smoking, physical activity, serum markers of hepatitis B and C infection and energy intake. Energy adjustment for DII was performed using the residual method. Participants in the highest tertile of DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk for HCC (ORtertile 3 v, 1 2·43; 95 % CI 1·27, 4·68; Ptrend=0·03). When stratified by the presence or absence of hepatitis B/C infection and sex, DII was strongly associated with HCC in hepatitis B- and C-negative participants (ORtertile 3 v. 1 4·18; 95 % CI 1·53, 11·39; Ptrend=0·02) and among males (ORtertile 3 v. 1 3·60; 95 % CI 1·65, 7·87; Ptrend=0·001). These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk for HCC, in those without a history of hepatitis B/C infection and among males.

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A matched analysis comparing the epidemiology of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma and healthy controls.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.173 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 173-173

Author(s):

E. Ludwig ◽

S. H. Olson ◽

R. C. Kurtz ◽

J. Simon ◽

M. F. Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Prior History ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mucinous Neoplasms ◽

History Of ◽

And Control

173 Background: The epidemiology of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas is poorly defined. Methods: An epidemiologic questionnaire was administered to patients (pts) with IPMN (n=79), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) (n=689) and healthy controls (n=307). Results were adjusted for age, gender and BMI. IPMN was defined either by surgical pathology (n=62) or characteristic endoscopic ultrasound appearance and cyst fluid CEA>200 ng/ml (n=17). Results: In unadjusted analysis IPMN pts were more likely to be ≥ 70 years of age (OR 5.40 [2.88, 10.46]) when compared with PC pts (OR 2.82) and controls. After adjustment for age, gender and BMI, current tobacco smoking was associated with PC (OR 3.06 [1.78, 5.23]) but not IPMN. Pts with IPMN more often had diabetes mellitus for >3 years compared with controls (OR 3.25 [1.45, 7.00], while pts with PC (OR 1.52 (0.86, 2.67]) did not. IPMN pts were more likely to have a history of hypercholesterolemia compared with controls (OR 1.77 [1.05-2.98]); this was not seen for PC pts (OR 1.16 [0.87-1.55]). A first degree relative with PC was not associated with increased risk for IPMN (OR 0.84 [0.27, 2.62]) or PC (OR 1.48 [0.82, 2.67]). Compared to PC, pts with IPMN were more likely to have a history of an unrelated cancer (OR 1.84 [1.08, 3.14]). Conclusions: Risk factors for IPMN and PC may differ. Compared to PC and control pts, IPMN patients were older; more often had diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia; and did not currently smoke. IPMN was more often associated with a prior history of cancer than PC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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