scholarly journals Psychosis and drug dependence: results from a national survey of prisoners

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farrell ◽  
A. Boys ◽  
P. Bebbington ◽  
T. Brugha ◽  
J. Coid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Risk

BackgroundThe links between drug use and psychosis are of major aetiological and prognostic significance. Psychosis and drug dependence frequently co-occur within the prison population, providing the opportunity to study this link more closely.AimsTo explore the relationship between psychosis and drug dependence in a sample of prisoners.MethodA total of 3142 prisoners were surveyed nationally and structured clinical data were obtained from a subsample of 503 respondents. Psychiatric assessment was based on the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (version 1.0). Measures of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and heroin use and dependence were obtained through self-report.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that first use of amphetamines or cocaine before the age of 16 years and severe cannabis or cocaine dependence were related to an increased risk of psychosis. In contrast, severe dependence on heroin was associated with a reduced risk of this classification.ConclusionsSevere dependence on cannabis and psychostimulants is associated with a higher risk of psychosis and is in contrast to severe dependence on heroin, which has a negative relationship with psychosis.

Relationship Between Spirituality and Distress in Ascetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110434
Author(s):  
Rudra B. Bhandari ◽  
Nidhi Chaudhry ◽  
Sarita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychosomatic Health ◽  
Spirituality And Health ◽  
Medical Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Questionnaires

The relation between spirituality and health has been argued for decades. The study aimed to ascertain the extent and nature of the relationship between spirituality quantified in terms of Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and distress in ascetics. Sixty-three Hindu ascetics aged 31.3 ± 6.6 years were sampled from Patanjali Yogpeeth, India. Participants’ distress and spiritual levels were measured by using the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaires (CMHIQs) and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory-24 (SISRI-24), respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed an insignificant negative relationship between SI and distress implying SI as a predictor of psychosomatic health.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

scholarly journals A RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE EMPLOYEES IN TOURISM ESTABLISHMENTS AND THEIR TURNOVER INTENTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the organizational identification of the employees in hotel establishments and travel agencies and their turnover intention. The research data were obtained from 275 participants working in hotels and travel agencies in Antalya. The data were analysed through descriptive analyses, and correlation and regression analyses. As a result of the analyses, it was found that there was a significant and negative relationship between the perceptions of the employees about the organizational identification and their turnover intention. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the organizational identification of the employees affected their turnover intention at a level of 5%.

scholarly journals Is the Relationship Between Marital Adjustment and Parenting Stress Mediated or Moderated by Parenting Alliance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Camisasca ◽  
Sarah Miragoli ◽  
Paola Di Blasio
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Parenting Alliance ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Dyadic Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating and moderating effects of parenting alliance on the relationship between marital adjustment, as represented by the dimensions dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, and affectional expression, and maternal and paternal stress. Self-report data were gathered from 236 Italian families (236 mothers:M= 40.9;SD= 4.4 and 236 fathers:M= 42.9;SD= 4.8) of children aged 6–11 years (M= 8.6;SD= 1.7). A set of regression analyses were conducted to examine whether parenting alliance mediates or moderates the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. Regression analyses were consistent with a model of coparenting as a mediator but not as a moderator of the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. In the case of mothers, parenting alliance mediates the relationships between two dimensions of marital adjustment (dyadic consensus and dyadic cohesion) on parenting stress; in the case of fathers, parenting alliance serves as a mediator of the relationship between the marital adjustment (in terms of dyadic satisfaction) and parenting stress. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.

Moderating role of employee engagement on conflict–politics relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Mishra ◽  
Amitabh Deo Kodwani
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Openness To Diversity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between relationship conflict and the perception of organization politics (POP) and the moderating role of employee engagement. The study hypothesizes that the conflict results in the presence of POP only for those employees who are relatively less engaged with the organization. The paper further explores the mediating role of perceived politics between the relationship conflict and job-related outcome variables including openness to diversity, turnover intent and perception of justice. In sum, the authors contend that employee engagement will act as a moderator between relationship conflict and POP, and POP further will act as a mediator between relationship conflict and its job-related outcomes. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive study was carried on to conduct this research. Data were collected at two different points of time from the employees of two public sector undertakings (n=206). About 80 questionnaires were not returned by the respondents, reducing the sample size to be 126. Of these, 115 were usable, resulting in a 55.83 percent response rate. SEM was employed to test the hypotheses with the help of Smart PLS 3.0. A two-step process was followed to test the hypothesized model. Testing the significance of proposed relationships in the structural model was followed by the evaluation of the measurement model. Findings The results of the study highlighted a positive association between the relationship conflict and POP. A moderating effect of employee engagement on relationship conflict and perceived organizational politics (POP) was observed. Further, POP was found to have a positive relationship with the intention to leave and a negative relationship with openness to diversity and perception of justice was observed. POP mediated the relationship between relationship conflict with the intention to leave and the perception of justice. Research limitations/implications The very first limitation of the present study is its cross-sectional design. Since the data were gathered from the same respondents, the causal relationships between variables are subject to biases (Bobko and Stone-Romero, 1998). Further, the data were gathered with the help of self-report questionnaires, and the findings of this study might have been influenced by the social desirability response bias (Podsakoff et al., 2003). Hence, future work should focus on using a combination of sources for data collection. This study also proposes a possible role of emotional intelligence in employee engagement and their POP, which can be tested in future studies. Practical implications The study suggests that relationship conflict leads to POP, which eventually results in adverse job-related outcomes. In order to control the negative effects of politics perception, organizations should undertake conflict prevention and conflict management techniques. To further reduce the level of POP, organizations shall take steps to better engage their employees because even when the level of relationship conflict is high, people perceive less politics if they are highly engaged with the organization. Originality/value The study is an original work carried out to understand the relationship between relationship conflict and the POP, and the moderating role of employee engagement.

The Relationship between Sexual Abuse and Drug Use: Findings from Houston's Safer Choices 2 Program

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Peters ◽  
Susan R. Tortolero ◽  
Robert C. Addy ◽  
Christine Markham ◽  
S. Liliana Escobar-Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alternative School ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Students ◽  
Alternative School Students ◽  
The Relationship

Self-report drug use data were collected from 282 female alternative school students surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data collection took place between October 2000 and March 2001 via audio-enabled laptop computers equipped with headphones. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sexual abuse history was significantly associated with lifetime use (OR = 1.9, p ≤ 0.05). While the relationships tested in this study are exploratory, they provide evidence for an important connection between sexual abuse and substance use among female alternative school students.

Openness-to-Experience and Mental Health

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Joseph C. George ◽  
Bennett I. Tittler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Women ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of openness-to-experience and mental health was investigated for 30 college women using Strupp and Hadley's 1977 tripartite model of mental health plus Holmes and Rahe's measure of recent stress. The set of mental health measures were employed in multiple regression analyses to predict self-report, behavioral, perceptual, and transactional measures of openness. Only the transactional measure of openness, defined as the ability to increase openness in a facultative situation, was significantly predicted by mental health.

Neuropathic Pain, Depression, and Cardiovascular Disease: A National Multicenter Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn J. Cragg ◽  
Vanessa K. Noonan ◽  
Luc Noreau ◽  
Jaimie F. Borisoff ◽  
John K. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a more than twofold increased risk of heart disease and stroke compared with able-bodied individuals. The increased risk appears to be in excess of the risk conferred by several well-established risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and sex. This raises the question whether other factors, secondary to SCI, are also contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two potential factors associated with SCI and CVD are pain and depression. Both are frequently reported among individuals with SCI, develop in the acute stages of injury, and are commonly described as severe. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pain (and types of pain) and depression with CVD among individuals with SCI. Methods: A total of 1,493 individuals (referred sample) with chronic SCI participated in a self-report cross-sectional multicenter Canada-wide survey from 2011-2012 (mean age ± standard deviation: 49.6 ± 13.9 years). Results: After adjustment for age, sex, and injury characteristics, neuropathic pain and depression were significantly and independently associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 2.27 (1.21, 4.60) for neuropathic pain; 4.07 (2.10, 7.87) for depression). In contrast to neuropathic pain, non-neuropathic pain was not significantly associated with CVD (p = 0.13). Conclusion: In conclusion, these data illustrate important interrelationships between secondary complications following SCI, as well as raise the possibility of neuropathic pain (versus nociceptive pain) as a novel and emerging risk factor for CVD.

scholarly journals Associations among Elder Abuse, Depression and PTSD in South Korean Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Choi ◽  
Meaghan O’Donnell ◽  
Hwa-Bok Choi ◽  
Hae-Sun Jung ◽  
Sean Cowlishaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing attention is being placed on the prevalence of elder abuse and its impact on mental health. This study conducted a survey of 172 elderly people in South Korea to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationships involving elder abuse, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, which included the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (KGDS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of specific forms of abuse. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the factors that contributed to risk of abuse exposure and the relationship between exposure and PTSD or depression. The results indicated around 22% of the participants reported abuse exposure, which most commonly included being refused physical contact, verbal threats, and/or being excluded from decision-making about personal issues. Low education and being unmarried, separated or divorced was associated with an increased risk of abuse exposure. There were strong associations between elder abuse and PTSD symptoms, while comparable relationships with depression were weaker and were not robust to the inclusion of control variables. The findings provided empirical support for the relationship between abuse experiences of the elderly and poor mental health and raise important issues for the mental health care of the elderly.

scholarly journals Social capital and cognitive decline: Does sleep duration mediate the association?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252208
Author(s):  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Jiangping Li ◽  
Zhizhong Wang ◽  
Yong Du ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background Studies have found that social capital (SC) is associated with the risk of cognitive decline; however, the mechanism explaining how SC leads to cognitive decline is unclear. The current study examines the mediation effect of sleep duration on the relationship between SC and cognitive decline in Chinese older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study of 955 community-dwelling aged 60 or over was conducted. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), self-report sleep duration questionnaire, and social capital scales were administered during the face-to-face survey. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the mediation model. Results After controlling for covariates, both social cohesion and social interaction were positively correlated with the MMSE score (p<0.001), and social cohesion was negatively correlated with sleep duration (p = 0.009); On the contrary, sleep duration was negatively correlated with MMSE score (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed social cohesion was positively associated with the MMSE score (β = 0.16, p = 0.005), while sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline (β = -0.72, p<0.001). Sleep duration has mediated the relationship between social cohesion and cognitive decline (explaining 21.7% of the total variance). Conclusions Social capital negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline in this Chinese population, and sleep duration may partly explain this relationship. It may be a suggestive clue to identify those at a higher risk of progressing to cognitive impairment. Further prospective study in need to confirm this finding due to the cross-sectional design.

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