scholarly journals Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in people with auditory hallucinations

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Rimmei Fukuda ◽  
Steven C. R. Williams ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Speech Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundThe neurocognitive basis of auditory hallucinations is unclear, but there is increasing evidence implicating abnormalities in processing inner speech. Previous studies have shown that people with schizophrenia who were prone to auditory hallucinations demonstrated attenuated activation of brain areas during the monitoring of inner speech.AimsTo investigate whether the same pattern of functional abnormalities would be evident as the rate of inner speech production was varied.MethodEight people with schizophrenia who had a history of prominent auditory hallucinations and eight control participants were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging while the rate of inner speech generation was varied experimentally.ResultsWhen the rate of inner speech generation was increased, the participants with schizophrenia showed a relatively attenuated response in the right temporal, parietal, parahippocampal and cerebellar cortex.ConclusionsIn people with schizophrenia who are prone to auditory hallucinations, increasing the demands on the processing of inner speech is associated with attenuated engagement of the brain areas implicated in verbal self-monitoring.

scholarly journals Looking into Task-Specific Activation Using a Prosthesis Substituting Vision with Audition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Plaza ◽  
Isabel Cuevas ◽  
Cécile Grandin ◽  
Anne G. De Volder ◽  
Laurent Renier
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Visual Stream ◽  
The Brain

A visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device initially developed for the blind is known to allow visual-like perception through sequential exploratory strategies. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether processing the location versus the orientation of simple (elementary) “visual” stimuli encoded into sounds using the device modulates the brain activity within the dorsal visual stream in the absence of sequential exploration of these stimuli. Location and orientation detection with the device induced a similar recruitment of frontoparietal brain areas in blindfolded sighted subjects as the corresponding tasks using the same stimuli in the same subjects in vision. We observed a similar preference of the right superior parietal lobule for spatial localization over orientation processing in both sensory modalities. This provides evidence that the parietal cortex activation during the use of the prosthesis is task related and further indicates the multisensory recruitment of the dorsal visual pathway in spatial processing.

Obsessive Musical Hallucinations in a Schizophrenia Patient: Psychopathological and fMRI Characteristics

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Bleich-Cohen ◽  
Talma Hendler ◽  
Artashes Pashinian ◽  
Sarit Faragian ◽  
Michael Poyurovsky
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenia Patient ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Brain

AbstractObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are relatively common and clinically significant phenomena in schizophrenia patients, suggesting the existence of a separate schizo-obsessive subgroup of the disorder. Although a majority of schizo-obsessive patients have typical ego-dystonic OCS, a meaningful proportion exhibits diagnostically challenging psychopathological phenomena, psychotic in content and obsessive in form. We report the clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of a schizophrenia patient who developed auditory hallucinations with musical content and obsessive in form. We suggest that “obsessive musical hallucinations”, that integrate both psychotic and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-related features, may be mediated by the brain networks believed to be involved in OCD and in auditory musical hallucinations.

scholarly journals Prefrontal Dynamics Associated with Efficient Detours and Shortcuts: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetoencenphalography Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir-Homayoun Javadi ◽  
Eva Zita Patai ◽  
Eugenia Marin-Garcia ◽  
Aaron Margolis ◽  
Heng-Ru M. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flexible Behavior ◽  
Desert Island ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Central to the concept of the “cognitive map” is that it confers behavioral flexibility, allowing animals to take efficient detours, exploit shortcuts, and avoid alluring, but unhelpful, paths. The neural underpinnings of such naturalistic and flexible behavior remain unclear. In two neuroimaging experiments, we tested human participants on their ability to navigate to a set of goal locations in a virtual desert island riven by lava, which occasionally spread to block selected paths (necessitating detours) or receded to open new paths (affording real shortcuts or false shortcuts to be avoided). Detours activated a network of frontal regions compared with shortcuts. Activity in the right dorsolateral PFC specifically increased when participants encountered tempting false shortcuts that led along suboptimal paths that needed to be differentiated from real shortcuts. We also report modulation in event-related fields and theta power in these situations, providing insight to the temporal evolution of response to encountering detours and shortcuts. These results help inform current models as to how the brain supports navigation and planning in dynamic environments.

ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN α-CHLORALOSE AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHETIZED RATS USING BOLD fMRI

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Chin-Mei Chen ◽  
Yen-Yu I. Shih ◽  
Tiing-Yee Siow ◽  
Yun-Chen Chiang ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Pain Testing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Significant Activation

Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to explore the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the rat brain under α-chloralose and isoflurane anesthesia. Formalin was used as a pain-testing model which could produce significant activation in various brain areas. The results also showed that morphine pretreatment modulate neurovascular activities evoked by formalin stimulation, especially in cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, caudate putamen, visual cortex, and hippocampus. The present study identified the brain areas involved in modulating nociception.

scholarly journals Spatial signatures of anesthesia-induced burst-suppression differ between primates and rodents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoloz Sirmpilatze ◽  
Judith Mylius ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
Jürgen Baudewig ◽  
Jaakko Paasonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Brain

During deep anesthesia, the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal of the brain alternates between bursts of activity and periods of relative silence (suppressions). The origin of burst-suppression and its distribution across the brain remain matters of debate. In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the brain areas involved in anesthesia-induced burst-suppression across four mammalian species: humans, long-tailed macaques, common marmosets, and rats. At first, we determined the fMRI signatures of burst-suppression in human EEG-fMRI data. Applying this method to animal fMRI datasets, we found distinct burst-suppression signatures in all species. The burst-suppression maps revealed a marked inter-species difference: in rats the entire neocortex engaged in burst-suppression, while in primates most sensory areas were excluded—predominantly the primary visual cortex. We anticipate that the identified species-specific fMRI signatures and whole-brain maps will guide future targeted studies investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of burst-suppression in unconscious states.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity Density Alterations in Children with Strabismus and Amblyopia based on Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Dan Shi ◽  
Qian-Min Ge ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
Rong-Bin Liang ◽  
Qiu-Yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Lenticular Nucleus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Purpose: To investigate functional connectivity density (FCD) values of brain areas in children with strabismus and amblyopia (SA) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods: This study recruited 26 children (14 male, 12 female) with SA and 26 healthy children (14 male, 12 female) as healthy controls. Both groups matched in age, gender, educational level and socioeconomic background. All participants underwent fMRI scanning while resting. Visual function of participants was also evaluated by an ophthalmic examination; rs-fMRI data was then used to determine global and short-range FCD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to investigate whether there was a significant difference between children with SA and healthy controls. This experiment has passed the ethical approval and obtained the logic number cdyfy201511.Results: Global FCD values of children with SA were found to be remarkably decreased in the right cerebellum, left lenticular nucleus, putamen, and right superior frontal gyrus as compared with healthy controls; global FCD values of children with SA were increased in the right angular gyrus, left middle cingulate gyrus, left angular gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. In children with SA, short-range FCD values were found to be remarkably decreased in regions of the middle right temporal pole, right cerebellum, left lenticular nucleus, putamen, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, left thalamus, left cerebellum; values were increased in the right superior parietal gyrus as compared with healthy controls.Conclusion: We noted abnormal neural connectivity in some brain areas of children with SA; the detailing of such connectivity aberrations is helpful in exploring the pathophysiology of SA and providing useful information for future clinical management.

scholarly journals Modeling brain connectivity dynamics in functional magnetic resonance imaging via particle filtering

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Ambrosi ◽  
Mauro Costagli ◽  
Ercan E. Kuruoğlu ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Guido Buonincontri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Hidden Parameters ◽  
The Brain

AbstractInterest in the studying of functional connections in the brain has grown considerably in the last decades, as many studies have pointed out that alterations in the interaction among brain areas can play a role as markers of neurological diseases. Most studies in this field treat the brain network as a system of connections stationary in time, but dynamic features of brain connectivity can provide useful information, both on physiology and pathological conditions of the brain. In this paper, we propose the application of a computational methodology, named Particle Filter (PF), to study non-stationarities in brain connectivity in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The PF algorithm estimates time-varying hidden parameters of a first-order linear time-varying Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) through a Sequential Monte Carlo strategy. On simulated time series, the PF approach effectively detected and enabled to follow time-varying hidden parameters and it captured causal relationships among signals. The method was also applied to real fMRI data, acquired in presence of periodic tactile or visual stimulations, in different sessions. On these data, the PF estimates were consistent with current knowledge on brain functioning. Most importantly, the approach enabled to detect statistically significant modulations in the cause-effect relationship between brain areas, which correlated with the underlying visual stimulation pattern presented during the acquisition.

scholarly journals A Different Olfactory Perception in Anosmic Patients: Evidence from Functional MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kohan Pour ◽  
Sobhan Aarabi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Soodeh Moallemian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Oghabian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Olfactory system is a vital sensory system in mammals, giving them the ability to connect with their environment. Anosmia, or the complete loss of olfaction ability, which could be caused by injuries, is an interesting topic for inspectors with the aim of diagnosing patients. Sniffing test is currently utilized to examine if an individual is suffering from anosmia; however, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides unique information about the structure and function of the different areas of the human brain, and therefore this noninvasive method could be used as a tool to locate the olfactory-related regions of the brain. In this study, by recruiting 31 healthy and anosmic individuals, we investigated the neural BOLD responses in the olfactory cortices following two odor stimuli, rose and eucalyptus, by using a 3T MR scanner. Comparing the two groups, we observed a network of brain areas being more active in the normal individuals when smelling the odors. In addition, a number of brain areas also showed an activation decline during the odor stimuli, which is hypothesized as a resource allocation deactivation. This study illustrated alterations in the brain activity between the normal individuals and anosmic patients when smelling odors, and could potentially help for a better anosmia diagnosis in the future.

scholarly journals Perceiving actions before they happen: psychological dimensions scaffold neural action prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Thornton ◽  
Diana I Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Social World ◽  
Action Space ◽  
Action Prediction ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The social world buzzes with action. People constantly walk, talk, eat, work, play, snooze and so on. To interact with others successfully, we need to both understand their current actions and predict their future actions. Here we used functional neuroimaging to test the hypothesis that people do both at the same time: when the brain perceives an action, it simultaneously encodes likely future actions. Specifically, we hypothesized that the brain represents perceived actions using a map that encodes which actions will occur next: the six-dimensional Abstraction, Creation, Tradition, Food(-relevance), Animacy and Spiritualism Taxonomy (ACT-FAST) action space. Within this space, the closer two actions are, the more likely they are to precede or follow each other. To test this hypothesis, participants watched a video featuring naturalistic sequences of actions while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We first use a decoding model to demonstrate that the brain uses ACT-FAST to represent current actions. We then successfully predicted as-yet unseen actions, up to three actions into the future, based on their proximity to the current action’s coordinates in ACT-FAST space. This finding suggests that the brain represents actions using a six-dimensional action space that gives people an automatic glimpse of future actions.

scholarly journals Integrating additional knowledge into the estimation of graphical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqi Bu ◽  
Johannes Lederer
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Models ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Graphical Modeling ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Neighborhood Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Graphical models such as brain connectomes derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are considered a prime gateway to understanding network-type processes. We show, however, that standard methods for graphical modeling can fail to provide accurate graph recovery even with optimal tuning and large sample sizes. We attempt to solve this problem by leveraging information that is often readily available in practice but neglected, such as the spatial positions of the measurements. This information is incorporated into the tuning parameter of neighborhood selection, for example, in the form of pairwise distances. Our approach is computationally convenient and efficient, carries a clear Bayesian interpretation, and improves standard methods in terms of statistical stability. Applied to data about Alzheimer’s disease, our approach allows us to highlight the central role of lobes in the connectivity structure of the brain and to identify an increased connectivity within the cerebellum for Alzheimer’s patients compared to other subjects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document