Conscientious Objectors with Psychiatric States

1943 ◽  
Vol 89 (374) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
Professional Interest

Conscientious objection is a problem involving both personalities and society. It has important military, political, ethical, religious and sometimes psychiatric aspects. It is only where conscientious objection arises in a person who shows signs of psychiatric disorder that the psychiatrist has to take an active professional interest. He has sometimes to treat patients struggling with the problem of conscientious objection and sometimes has to report on them to the Recruiting Medical Boards. Thus this aspect of conscientious objection becomes a part of war psychiatry. My own interest in the problem was aroused by seeing a number of psychiatric patients who were objectors.

Conscientious Objection (European and American approaches)

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-144
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

The Article concerns the legal issues, connected with the situation, when a person (or group of people) disobey requirements of the Law or other State regulations on the basis of religious or nonreligious belief. The Author analyses almost all related issues – whether imposing certain obligation on individuals, to which the individual has a conscientious objection based on his/her religious beliefs, always represents interference with his/her religion rights, and if it does, then what is subject of the interference – forum integrum or forum externum; whether neutral regulation, which does not refer to religion issues at all, could ever be regarded as interference into someone’s religious rights; whether opinion or belief, on which the individual’s objection and the corresponding conduct is based, must necesserily represent the clear “manifest” of the same religion or belief in order to gain legal protection; what is regarded as “manifest” of the religion or other belief in general and whether a close and direct link must exist between personal conduct and requirements of the religious or nonreligious belief; what are the criteria of the “legitimacy” of the belief; to what extent the following factors should be taken into consideration : whether the personal conduct of the individual represents the official requirements of corresponding religion or belief, what is the burden which was imposed on the believer’s religious or moral feelings by the State regulation, also, proportionality and degree of sincerity of the individual who thinks that his disobidience to the Law is required by his/her religious of philosofical belief. The effects (direct or non direct) of the nonfulfilment of the law requirement (legal responsibility, lost of the job, certain discomfort, etc..) are relevant factors as well. By the Author, all these circumstances and factors are essencial while estimating, whether it arises, actually, a real necessity and relevant obligation before a state for making some exemptions from the law to the benefi t of the conscientious objectors, in cases, if to predict such an objection was possible at all. So, the issues are discussed in the prism of the negative and positive obligations of a State. Corresponding precedents of the US Supreme Court and European Human Rights Court have been presented and analysed comparatively by the Author in the Article. The Article contains an important resume, in which the main points, principal issues and conclusion remarks are delivered. The Author shows, that due analysis of the legal aspects typical to “Conscientious objection” is very important for deep understanding religious rights, not absolute ones, and facilitates finding a correct answer on the question – how far do their boundaries go?

Plastic Surgery: Review on Screening of Psychiatric Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Angeline Fenisenda
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Recently the popularity of plastic surgical procedure has been increased. Many people surgically alter their physical appearance with the intent of boosting their social and psychological well-being; however, the long-term effectiveness of aesthetic surgery on improving well-being is unconfirmed. To have successful cosmetic plastic surgery result, it is imperative to assess candidates for predictors of poor outcomes. These include the following factor : psychiatric disorder, demographic factors (male and younger age), relationship issues, unrealistic expectations, previous dissatisfied surgery, and minimal deformity. For psychiatric patients, despite having technically satisfactory cosmetic surgery, poor emotional adjustment and social functioning were seen post procedure. Proper screening and evaluation of these patients could save money and resources. In this brief review we discuss about psychiatric disorder screen on plastic surgery to prevent unwanted outcome. A literature review was conducted in the electronic database PubMed using keyword “Psychiatric Disorder”, “Plastic surgery”, “Prevention” and “Screening”. All type of studies were included for this study, such as controlled trials, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and pilot studies published between 2011 and 2021. Articles which not written in English were excluded from the study. This search resulted in 18 papers. Some patient who undergo cosmetic surgery suffer from underdiagnosed or untreated psychiatric disorder. To avoid unnecessary expense and resource it is advisable that all patient who seek cosmetic procedure undergo psychiatric screen such as PHQ-9, GAD-7, BDDQ and other test to avoid un-necessary expense and resource.

scholarly journals Standardization and Validation of the Personality Disorder Inventory PSGP-IPDI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
K Abilash ◽  
P Sindhuja Manisha Kamini ◽  
T Jothimani
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Characteristic Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thought. Aim: To standardize and validate personality disorder inventory in clinical population. Methods and Samples: 100 Psychiatric patients were taken as a sample as a clinical population in various hospital Coimbatore age ranged 28 – 58. PSGP- IPDI- Indian Personality Disorder Inventory assessed for 100 psychiatric disorder individuals. Results: The relationship among the disorders of the personality inventory shows both positive and negative correlations among the dimensions most of the dimensions exhibited positive correlation. The internal consistency of the inventory is reliable.Conclusion: The personality disorder inventory is reliable and significant and this tool can be administered on the clinical population.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy Complicating Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Spittle ◽  
Josie Parker
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Wernicke’S Encephalopathy ◽  
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ◽  
Altered Mental State

Wernicke's encephalopathy producing an altered mental state may occur in malnourished psychiatric patients even in the absence of alcohol abuse. A case is reported of a woman, aged 61 years, with schizophrenia who refused her medication for four months, had the delusion she was dying from a tumour, and withdrew to her bed with a neglect of her nutrition. She was committed to hospital in a mute unresponsive state and after taking some food and fluids for four days lapsed into coma. She responded within three hours to the administration of thiamine. Clinicians need to remain vigilant to the possibility that an altered mental state in malnourished patients may be due to thiamine deficiency rather than to the primary psychiatric disorder. If doubt exists as to the presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy, then parenteral thiamine should be administered.

Teachers as Conscientious Objectors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris A. Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Teacher Resistance ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Support Students

Teachers often characterize their interest in and commitment to the profession as moral: a desire to support students, serve their communities, or uphold civic ideals embedded in the promise of public education. These initial and sustaining moral impulses are well documented in research on teaching and teacher education. However, moral commitments can also be a source of teachers’ dissatisfaction and resistance, especially in the age of the market-based Global Education Reform Movement. This article explores the phenomenon of conscientious objection in teaching as an enactment of professional ethics. Conscientious objection describes teachers’ actions when they take a stand against job expectations that contradict or compromise their professional ethics. Teachers who refuse to enact policies and practices may be represented by popular media, school leaders, policymakers, and educational researchers as merely recalcitrant or insubordinate. This perspective misses the moral dimensions of resistance. Teachers may refuse to engage in practices or follow mandates from the standpoint of professional conscience. This article also highlights varieties of conscientious objection that are drawn from global examples of teacher resistance. Finally, the article explores the role of teachers unions as potential catalysts for collective forms of conscientious objection.

A Profile for Trimipramine

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Patient Status

A series of sixty-one patients with depressive symptoms were treated with trimipramine in single nightly dosages. Analysis of the data indicated that a favourable outcome was likely to be associated with the following features: absence of gastro-intestinal complaints; absence of hypochondriasis; a level of anxiety not more than the average for psychiatric patients; absence of situational palpitation; possession of a stable work record; and possession of a family history positive for psychiatric disorder. These features are not claimed to be specific to treatment with trimipramine. Age, sex, out-patient/in-patient status and the over-all degree of depression were not found to be relevant. Trimipramine was associated with a favourable outcome in 64% of all cases treated, and in 73% of primarily depressive conditions.

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

scholarly journals Plastic Surgery: Review on Screening of Psychiatric Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Angeline Fenisenda
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Recently the popularity of plastic surgical procedure has been increased. Many people surgically alter their physical appearance with the intent of boosting their social and psychological well-being; however, the long-term effectiveness of aesthetic surgery on improving well-being is unconfirmed. To have successful cosmetic plastic surgery result, it is imperative to assess candidates for predictors of poor outcomes. These include the following factor: psychiatric disorder, demographic factors (male and younger age), relationship issues, unrealistic expectations, previous dissatisfied surgery, and minimal deformity. For psychiatric patients, despite having technically satisfactory cosmetic surgery, poor emotional adjustment and social functioning were seen post procedure. Proper screening and evaluation of these patients could save money and resources. In this brief review we discuss about psychiatric disorder screen on plastic surgery to prevent unwanted outcome. A literature review was conducted in the electronic database PubMed using keyword “Psychiatric Disorder”, “Plastic surgery”, “Prevention” and “Screening”. All type of studies were included for this study, such as controlled trials, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and pilot studies published between 2011 and 2021. Articles which not written in English were excluded from the study. This search resulted in 18 papers. Some patient who undergo cosmetic surgery suffer from underdiagnosed or untreated psychiatric disorder. To avoid unnecessary expense and resource it is advisable that all patient who seek cosmetic procedure undergo psychiatric screen such as PHQ-9, GAD-7, BDDQ and other test to avoid un-necessary expense and resource.

Part 1 Freedom of Religion or Belief, 1.3.11 Conscientious Objection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽  
Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽  
Wiener Michael, Dr
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Alternative Service

This chapter addresses issues concerning conscientious objection, notably the refusal by individuals to perform compulsory military service based on their genuinely held religious or other beliefs that forbid the use of lethal force. Throughout the past five decades, various international and regional human rights mechanisms have significantly changed their interpretation with regard to the existence and normative basis of a right to conscientious objection to military service. This chapter also discusses the question of who can claim conscientious objection; procedural issues; the problem of repeated trials and punishment of conscientious objectors; the nature and length of alternative service; refugee status claims based on persecution arising from conscientious objection; and conscientious objection in disputed territories. In addition, there are several issues of interpretation related to ‘selective’ objection against participating in certain wars and ‘total’ objection even against alternative civilian service. In addition to conscientious objection to military service, also other issues may give rise to objections, for example against the obligation to pay taxes for military expenditures; against carrying out abortions; against a duty to join a hunting association; against singing the national anthem or saluting the flag; and conscientious objection in the employment sphere.

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