scholarly journals Sulcal thickness as a vulnerability indicator for schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vina M. Goghari ◽  
Kelly Rehm ◽  
Cameron S. Carter ◽  
Angus W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Vulnerability Indicator ◽  
Area And Volume

BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia may demonstrate cortical abnormalities, with gyri and sulci potentially being differentially affected.AimsTo measure frontal and temporal sulcal cortical thickness, surface area and volume in the non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia as a potential vulnerability indicator for the disorder.MethodAn automated parcellation method was used to measure the superior frontal, inferior frontal, cingulate, superior temporal and inferior temporal sulci in the relatives of patients (n=19) and controls (n=22).ResultsCompared with controls, relatives had reversed hemispheric asymmetry in their cingulate sulcal thickness and a bilateral reduction in their superior temporal sulcal thickness.ConclusionsCingulate and superior temporal sulcal thickness abnormalities may reflect neural abnormalities associated with the genetic liability to schizophrenia. Cortical thinning in these regions suggests that liability genes affect the dendrites, synapses or myelination process during the neurodevelopment of the cortical mantle.

scholarly journals Brain development during adolescence: A mixed-longitudinal investigation of cortical thickness, surface area, and volume

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2027-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Vijayakumar ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
George Youssef ◽  
Meg Dennison ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
Area And Volume

scholarly journals Preserved cortical thickness, surface area and volume in adolescents with PTSD after childhood sexual abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam A. Rinne-Albers ◽  
Charlotte P. Boateng ◽  
Steven J. van der Werff ◽  
Francien Lamers-Winkelman ◽  
Serge A. Rombouts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Area And Volume

scholarly journals Does thinner right entorhinal cortex underlie genetic liability to cannabis use?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2766-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadip Paul ◽  
Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Polygenic Model ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundAlthough alterations in medial temporal lobe structures have been previously associated with use of cannabis, one of the most widely used illicit drugs, whether such alterations are a cause or effect of cannabis use has been unclear.MethodsIn this cross-sectional observational study involving 404 twins/siblings, we have compared cortical thickness and surface area between groups of gender-matched sibling-pairs (concordant cannabis unexposed, concordant exposed and discordant for cannabis exposure) using permutation tests after controlling for potential confounds. Bi-variate polygenic model was used to assess the genetic and environmental contributions underlying cortical morphological phenotypes and frequency of cannabis use.ResultsCortical thickness of the right entorhinal cortex was significantly lower in the concordant exposed siblings compared to both discordant unexposed and discordant exposed groups [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected, q < 0.05]. The association between the right entorhinal cortex thickness and frequency of cannabis use is due to the contribution of significant shared additive genetic (ρg = −0.19 ± 0.08; p = 0.02) factors but not unique environment (ρe = 0.05 ± 0.09; p = 0.53). Significantly lower surface area of the right entorhinal cortex in discordant exposed group compared with the discordant unexposed group furnishes preliminary evidence in support of causal effect of cannabis use (FDR-corrected, q < 0.05). However, bi-variate polygenic model-based analysis did not show any significant effect.ConclusionsShared genetic liability may underlie the association between cannabis exposure and thinner right entorhinal cortex. Prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to definitively disentangle the cause–effect relationships of cannabis use.

scholarly journals Cortical Thickness, Surface Area and Volume Measures in Parkinson's Disease, Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e114167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Worker ◽  
Camilla Blain ◽  
Jozef Jarosz ◽  
K. Ray Chaudhuri ◽  
Gareth J. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Area And Volume

3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gillay ◽  
László Fenyvesi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

scholarly journals Cortical Volume, Thickness, and Surface Area in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Helena M. Blumen ◽  
Emily Schwartz ◽  
Gilles Allali ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Michele Callisaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. Objective: To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. Methods: Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. Conclusion: Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.

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