scholarly journals Mental disorders and risk of accidental death

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Crump ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Marilyn A. Winkleby ◽  
Jan Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Study

BackgroundLittle is known about accidental death risks among psychiatric patients.AimsTo examine this issue in the most comprehensive study to date.MethodNational cohort study of all Swedish adults (n = 6 908 922) in 2001–2008.ResultsThere were 22 419 (0.3%) accidental deaths in the total population, including 5933 (0.9%) accidental deaths v. 3731 (0.6%) suicides among psychiatric patients (n = 649 051). Of persons who died from accidents, 26.0% had any psychiatric diagnosis v. 9.4% in the general population. Accidental death risk was four- to sevenfold among personality disorders, six- to sevenfold among dementia, and two- to fourfold among schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression or anxiety disorders, and was not fully explained by comorbid substance use. Strong associations were found irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics, and for different types of accidental death (especially poisoning or falls).ConclusionsAll mental disorders were strong independent risk factors for accidental death, which was substantially more common than suicide.

Transdiagnostic Approaches With Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Temkin ◽  
Mina Yadegar ◽  
Christine Cho ◽  
Brian C. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

In recent years, the field of clinical psychology has seen a growing movement toward the research and development of transdiagnostic treatments. Transdiagnostic approaches have the potential to address numerous issues related to the development and treatment of mental disorders. Among these are the high rates of comorbidity across disorders, the increasing need for efficient protocols, and the call for treatments that can be more easily disseminated. This chapter provides a review of the current transdiagnostic treatment approaches for the treatment of youth mental disorders. Three different types of transdiagnostic protocols are examined: mechanism-based protocols, common elements treatments, and general treatment models that originated from single-disorder approaches to have broader reach. A case study illuminates how a mechanism-based approach would inform case conceptualization for a client presenting with internalizing and externalizing symptoms and how a transdiagnostic framework translates into practice.

scholarly journals Between Punishment and Care: Autonomous Offenders Who Commit Crimes Under the Influence of Mental Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hartvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a solution to a problem that arises from the fact that people who commit crimes under the influence of serious mental disorders may still have a capacity to refuse treatment. Several ethicists have argued that the present legislation concerning involuntary treatment of people with mental disorder is discriminatory and should change to the effect that psychiatric patients can refuse care on the same grounds as patients in somatic care. However, people with mental disorders who have committed crimes and been exempted from criminal responsibility would then fall outside the scope of criminal justice as well as that of the psychiatric institutions if they were to refuse care. In this paper, I present and develop a solution to how society should deal with this group of people, called Advance criminal responsibility. The basic idea being that if a person with a potentially responsibility exempting psychiatric condition refuses care, that person is responsible for any future criminal acts which are due to the mental disorder.

Pregnancy outcomes following different types of bariatric surgery: A national cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Katie Cornthwaite ◽  
Chetan Prajapati ◽  
Erik Lenguerrand ◽  
Marian Knight ◽  
Natalie Blencowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National Cohort

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

Study of Mental Disorder Prediction Model approaches its issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
Avani S Bhuva ◽  
◽  
Dr. Dhirendra Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
Voice Modulation ◽  
Society Today

Mental disorder is becoming one of the major health issues in society today. (WHO) depression will be the leading mental disorder all over the world by 2030. The timely prediction of such disorders is very essential for maintaining the health of human beings. These mental disorders are associated with different symptoms, some of these symptoms are visible in the form of facial expressions, gestures, change in voice modulation, etc. and some of them even cannot be noticed by naked eyes. Therefore, it is highly important to collect appropriate verbal and non-verbal symptom details about any individual along with using best-suited algorithms for accurate prediction using information technology. This paper explores different types of such symptoms associated with different types of mental disorders, their causes, and existing prediction-based solutions. The paper further presents the critical analysis of these aspects and proposes usages of biometrics-based traits for building better prediction systems for mental disorders.

Ethical Issues Arising in Revising Classifications of Mental Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
The World

The classification of mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) will be revised in the course of the next three years and its publication (as the 11th Revision of the ICD) will be published, after the approval of the World Health Assembly in 2014. In parallel, the American Psychiatric Association created a Task Force which has begun work on the proposals for the revision of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual which is to be published as the DSM 5th Revision, in 2012. The World Health Organization has established a special advisory group that should assist it in developing proposals for the classification of mental disorders for the 11th Revision of the ICD and this group collaborates closely with the APA Task Force creating the DSM5 proposals.Numerous ethical issues arise in this process and need to be discussed now so as to inform the process of agreeing on the proposals for the new classifications. They include the importance of an internationally accepted classification as a protection against abuses of psychiatric patients; the need to set the threshold for the diagnosis of a mental disorder at a level ensuring that people with such disorders receive help, the need to avoid imposition of diagnostic systems or categories without sufficient evidence and others. The presentation will briefly discuss the process of constructing the proposals for the new classifications and ways in which the groups established by the WHO and the APA handle these ethical questions.

Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebhardt ◽  
Markus Kunkel ◽  
Richard von Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Degree Of Severity

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Tire Powder on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Akbarimehr ◽  
Esmael Aflaki
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Study

With respect to the increasing production of tire wastes, the use of these wastes as an additive in civil engineering has always gained attentions of researchers due to their positive effects on material properties and reduction of environmental problems. Clay soils, as problematic soils, have always caused geotechnical problems including high Atterberg limits and consequently low workability. Tire powder, as one of the products of tire wastes, lacks clay cohesion and it can be effective in altering the plasticity of clay soils. As no comprehensive study has been conducted in this regard specifically on Tehran clay soil yet, this research studies experimentally the effect of adding different percentages of tire powder to clay soil at the Atterberg limits of clay soils with two different types of plasticity. More over according to previous studies, the effect of tire powder on other geotechnical properties of clay soils and the advantages and disadvantages of using tire powder in clay soils are discussed. The results indicate that addition of tire powder to clay soils has positive effects on reducing the Atterberg limits, increasing efficiency, and improving resistance, permeability, swelling reduction, and settlement properties, and reducing soil density and it can be used as an additive in improving clay soils.

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