scholarly journals The futility of risk prediction in psychiatry

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Mulder ◽  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
Jeremy W. Coid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Categorisation

SummarySignificant efforts have been made to identify risk factors associated with suicide. However, the evidence suggests that risk categorisation may be of limited value, or worse, potentially harmful, confusing clinical thinking. We argue instead for a shift in focus towards real engagement with the individual patient, their specific problems and circumstances.

scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Recurrent Falls in Elderly Patients Hospitalized after Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
The Individual

Falls and recurrent falls cause great health and social consequences in older people. However, these problems are poorly understood in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed at seven hospitals in Thai Binh province, Vietnam, to investigate the individual and environmental factors associated with recurrent falls among elderly patients hospitalized due to fall injuries in Vietnam. A history of recurrent falls within the last 12 months, sociodemographic, health, and clinical characteristics, as well as environmental conditions, were obtained via self-reported interviews. Multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models were used to identify associated factors. Overall, the mean fall episodes in the last 12 months were 1.8 (Standard deviation—SD = 1.2) episodes, and the 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls was 40.5%. The individual risk factors included not receiving fall prevention guidelines, walking with devices, loss of sensation in hand or foot, and using pain relief medications. The environmental risk factors comprised having too-high stairs and not having dry, clean, and nonslippery bathrooms. This study highlights a significantly high 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls in older patients hospitalized after falls in Vietnam. Moreover, regular assessments of functional disabilities and hazardous environmental conditions, as well as the provision of prevention programs, have potential to prevent falls and recurrent falls.

scholarly journals Ticket Inspectors in Action: Body-worn Camera Analysis of Aggressive and Non-aggressive Passenger Encounters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bank Friis ◽  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Workplace Aggression ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Face ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Individual

AbstractObjective: Workplace aggression is a harmful occupational hazard, which has been associated with individual and organizational level risk factors. By comparison, little is known about the face-to-face interactional dynamics that shape employee victimizations. To address this gap, we provide an interactional analysis of how ticket inspector actions are asso-ciated with the risk of passenger aggression. Method: Data was a video sample of 123 ticket fining events from public buses recorded by occupational body-worn cameras. We systemati-cally coded the inspector and passenger actions in each fining event. The individual and inter-actional risk factors associated with passenger aggression were estimated with a logistic re-gression model. Results: Our empirical analysis suggests that aggressive fining events unfold as “character contests,” in which the actions of the inspectors are associated with the aggres-sive outcome. Conclusions: These findings are in line with situational approaches to violence highlighting that aggressive incidents often develop as an interplay between victim and of-fender actions. We propose focusing on the behavioral actions of employees for prevention measures of workplace aggression.

scholarly journals Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Setegn Muche Fenta ◽  
Teshager Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Background. Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods. Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. Result. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 months ( AOR = 3.166 ; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child ( AOR = 1.871 ; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above ( AOR = 2.210 , 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination ( AOR = 1.197 ; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth ( AOR = 1.303 ; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children ( AOR = 2.91 ; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ( AOR = 1.505 ; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water ( AOR = 1.289 ; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.

Single spies and battalions: the clinical epidemiology of mental disorders

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
The Individual

SynopsisClinical epidemiology, a term that has been variously defined, is used here to refer to a discipline which, commencing with examination and diagnosis of the individual patient who presents in medical practice, proceeds to study the occurrence of similar, possibly connected cases in the local community, and in so doing may provide hypotheses for population-based studies of disease and its risk factors. While the relevance of this discipline to the modern practice of clinical psychiatry remains largely unexplored, its importance in the search for causes of mental disorder is attested by many instances, both historical and more recent, in which the spread or clustering of psychiatric syndromes in populations could be related to nutritional deficiency, infectious disease, the presence of environmental neurotoxins, the social communication of psychopathology or the transmission of abnormal, harmful behaviour patterns within family groups. Observations made in clinical practice have repeatedly served as the starting point for epidemiological investigation of mental disorders, while conversely epidemiological findings have influenced clinical thinking about their classification, diagnosis, prognosis and morbid risk. A review of the relevant literature underlines the need for a keener awareness of environmental risk factors and a fundamentally epidemiological frame of reference in trying to grapple with the aetiological problems of mental disorder.

Molecular genetics — a way to the individual personalized medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Nikolayevna Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Genomic Association ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Technologies

Review of modern technologies that are used for identification and mapping of genetic risk factors associated with different multifactorial diseases. The principles of the wide genomic association scan (GWAS) are accounted. A significance of this method is considered on the example of hereditary predisposition to autoimmune diseases. The role of MCH complex gene polymorphism and specific genetic risk factors in the autoimmunity forming and a possibility of multifactorial diseases personalized therapy with taking into account of the patient hereditary constitution are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated to diabetes in Mexican population and phenotype of the individuals who will convert to diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clicerio González-Villalpando ◽  
Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes ◽  
Mireya Zamora-Macorra ◽  
Belem Trejo-Valdivia ◽  
María Elena González-Villalpando
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

 Objective. To describe risk factors associated to the inci­dence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population and to define phenotypic (clinical, anthropometric, metabolic) characteristics present in the individual who will convert to diabetes, regardless of time of onset. Materials and meth­ods. The Mexico City Diabetes Study began in 1990, with 2 282 participants, and had three subsequent phases: 1994, 1998, and 2008. A systematic evaluation with an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in each phase. For diagnosis of T2D, American Diabetes Association criteria were used. Results. The population at risk was 1939 individuals. Sub­jects who were in the converter stage (initially non diabetic that eventually converted to T2D) had, at baseline, higher BMI (30 vs 27), systolic blood pressure (119 vs 116 mmHg), fasting glucose (90 vs 82mg/dl), triglycerides (239 vs 196mg/dl), and cholesterol (192 vs 190mg/dl), compared with sub­jects who remained non converters (p<0.05). Conclusion. The phenotype described represents a potentially identifiable phase and a target for preventive intervention.

Extension of anticoagulation after venous thromboembolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schulman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The Individual

SummaryWhereas every clinician agrees on the need for anticoagulation initially after the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), the opinions regarding optimal duration of secondary prophylaxis differ. The decision is complicated by the large number of identified risk factors associated with the risk of recurrence. In addition consideration has to be taken to the risk factors for bleeding and individual patient preferences. Data from long-term follow-up studies up to a decade indicate that some risk factors for recurrence decline and others seem to gain importance with time. In this review data has been extracted from the most illustrative trials to highlight controversies but also where there is consensus in order to give the clinician some support for the individual decisions on extension of anticoagulation after VTE.

Risk factors associated with substance use

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel M. Barber ◽  
Alexandra Crouch ◽  
Stephen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Factors Associated

A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Banerjee ◽  
J Pearson ◽  
E L Gilliland ◽  
D Goss ◽  
J D Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Past History ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Probability Of Death

SummaryA total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 g/l being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.

Risk factors associated with primary and secondary reduced libido in male patients with sexual dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
Giulia Rastrelli ◽  
Emmanuele Jannini ◽  
Linda Vignozzi ◽  
Edoardo Mannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Male Patients
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