scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Recurrent Falls in Elderly Patients Hospitalized after Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
The Individual

Falls and recurrent falls cause great health and social consequences in older people. However, these problems are poorly understood in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed at seven hospitals in Thai Binh province, Vietnam, to investigate the individual and environmental factors associated with recurrent falls among elderly patients hospitalized due to fall injuries in Vietnam. A history of recurrent falls within the last 12 months, sociodemographic, health, and clinical characteristics, as well as environmental conditions, were obtained via self-reported interviews. Multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models were used to identify associated factors. Overall, the mean fall episodes in the last 12 months were 1.8 (Standard deviation—SD = 1.2) episodes, and the 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls was 40.5%. The individual risk factors included not receiving fall prevention guidelines, walking with devices, loss of sensation in hand or foot, and using pain relief medications. The environmental risk factors comprised having too-high stairs and not having dry, clean, and nonslippery bathrooms. This study highlights a significantly high 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls in older patients hospitalized after falls in Vietnam. Moreover, regular assessments of functional disabilities and hazardous environmental conditions, as well as the provision of prevention programs, have potential to prevent falls and recurrent falls.

scholarly journals Smoking Among Young Urban Malaysian Women and its Risk Factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosliza A. Manaf ◽  
Khadijah Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning Institutions

This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to determine the individual, family, and environmental factors associated with smoking among young urban women. A cross-sectional study through self-administered questionnaire was conducted on female students enrolled in private higher learning institutions in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia, between July and October 2005. Analysis on 408 respondents showed that current smoker prevalence rate was 18.6%. Adjusted analyses showed significant association between smoking and individual factors, which are the importance of slim image, average monthly allowance, and car ownership. For family factors, analyses showed significant association between smoking and parental marital status and smoking status of male siblings. Strong associations were seen between female smoking and environmental factors, such as having more smoker friends, having smokers as best friends, keeping cigarette-brand items, being offered free cigarette, and perceiving female smoking as normal. The identified risk factors could be used to develop more effective prevention programs to overcome smoking among young urban women.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative stroke in the elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yu ◽  
Yanbin Zhu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hui Bu ◽  
Yingze Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Postoperative Stroke

Abstract Objectives Stroke is one of the rare but devastating complications after hip fracture in the elderly. By far, there is still scarce data on postoperative stroke in elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Between October 2014 to December 2018, patients aged above 65 years who underwent operative treatment for hip fractures were included. Inpatient medical surveillance and scheduled telephone follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation was conducted to identify who developed an incident stroke. Variables of interests were extracted from patients’ inpatient medical records. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors associated with stroke. Results During the study period, a total of 3743 patients were included, among whom 56 were found to have a stroke after operation, representing an incidence of 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9%). The multivariate analyses showed that advanced age (1-year increment; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.48), history of previous stroke (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 1.86 to 6.56), ASA III and above (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.68), long-term use of aspirin (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.78), and elevated RDW level (each increment of 1%, OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.36) were independently associated with postoperative stroke. Conclusions Although most are not modifiable, these risk factors help in counseling patients regarding the risk of postoperative stroke, individual risk stratification, and targeted optimization of medical conditions and should be firmly kept in treating surgeon’s mind.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debrah Asiimwe ◽  
Godfrey O. Mauti ◽  
Ritah Kiconco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide disaster including in Uganda, specifically in Kanungu District which had a rise in diabetic patients in 2018/2019 as compared to the 2017/2018 financial year. This research was determined to access the prevalence and risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes on elderly patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV, Kanungu District. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV from June to August 2019. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined by the blood sugar of patients. Questionnaires were used to collect data for factors associated with type 2 diabetes. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 18.7% among the tested patients. 22.8% of diabetic patients were females as 7.8% were males. The age group most affected by diabetes was 61-65 years. Alcoholism, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and family history were found to be significantly associated with type 2 diabetes at P value < 0.05. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes observed in this study compared to studies done in previous years which raise a public health concern. This study also found that females and patients aged 61-65 years were most affected by diabetes. Lastly, the presence of family history for diabetes, overweight, and being obese increases the chances of acquiring type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Hamstrings: Anatomic and Physiologic Variations and Their Potential Relationships With Injury Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Afonso ◽  
Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
Michele Aquino ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

The incidence and recurrence of hamstrings injuries are very high in sports, posing elevated performance and financial-related costs. Attempts to identify the risk factors involved in predicting vulnerability to hamstrings injury is important for designing exercise-based programs that aim to mitigate the rate and severity of hamstrings injuries and improve rehabilitation strategies. However, research has shown that non-modifiable risk factors may play a greater role than modifiable risk factors. Recognizing non-modifiable risk factors and understanding their implications will afford the prescription of better suited exercise programs, i.e., that are more respectful of the individual characteristics. In a nutshell, non-modifiable risk factors can still be acted upon, even if indirectly. In this context, an underexplored topic is how intra and inter- individual anatomic and physiologic variations in hamstrings (e.g., muscle bellies, fiber types, tendon length, aponeurosis width, attachment sites, sex- and age-related differences) concur to alter hamstrings injuries risk. Some anatomic and physiologic variations may be modifiable through exercise interventions (e.g., cross-sectional area), while others may not (e.g., supernumerary muscle bellies). This apparent dichotomy may hide a greater complexity, i.e., there may be risk factors that are partially modifiable. Therefore, we explored the available information on the anatomic variations of the hamstrings, providing a deeper insight into the individual risk factors for hamstrings injuries and contributing with better knowledge and potential applications toward a more individualized exercise prescription.

scholarly journals Ability of Different Measures of Adiposity to Identify High Metabolic Risk in Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
Susana Vale ◽  
Paula C. Santos ◽  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the screening performance of different measures of adiposity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for high metabolic risk in a sample of adolescents.Methods. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 517 adolescents aged 15–18, from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. HOMA and TC/HDL-C ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was constructed by summing the Z-scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had ≥1SD of this score. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) were used.Results. Linear regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for age and pubertal stage, all different measures of adiposity are positively and significantly associated with MRS in both sexes, with exception of WHtR for boys. BMI, WC, and WHtR performed well in detecting high MRS, indicated by areas under the curve (AUC), with slightly greater AUC for BMI than for WC and WHtR in both sexes.Conclusion. All measures of adiposity were significantly associated with metabolic risk factors in a sample of Portuguese adolescents.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat, Serta Kondisi Lingkungan Pada Peningkatan Kasus Leptospirosis di Wilayah Puskesmas Kesugihan II, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Wiwik Trapsilowati ◽  
Arief Mulyono ◽  
Siska Indriyani ◽  
K. Sekar Negari ◽  
Arief Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with a wide spread, both in Indonesia and globally. Leptospirosis risk factors are mainly behavioral and environmental factors. This study aims to describe the knowledge, behavior and environment of leptospirosis infected areas in Karangkandri Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The research design was cross sectional with descriptive analysis. Respondents in the study were residents who lived in areas where leptospirosis cases occurred. Data collection was carried out by interview with a structured questionnaire instrument. The results showed that respondents who had knowledge of leptospirosis in the less category were 71.43%, 25.71% in the moderate category and 2.86% in the good category. The behavior of respondents in the less category was 85.71% and 14.29% was moderate, there was no good category. Environmental conditions in 14.29% for the less category and the medium category for 85.71%, there was no good category. Between knowledge and education there was a significant relationship (p <0.05), while knowledge with behavior and knowledge with the environment has an insignificant relationship (p> 0.05). Keywords: Leptospirosis, knowledge, behavior, environment Abstrak Leptospirosis merupakan zoonosis dengan penyebaran yang luas, baik di Indonesia maupun secara global. Faktor risiko terkait dengan kejadian leptospirosis terutama faktor perilaku dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan, perilaku dan lingkungan wilayah tertular leptospirosis di Desa Karangkandri, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan analisis secara deskriptif. Responden penelitian adalah warga yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah terjadi kasus leptospirosis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dengan instrumen kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang leptospirosis kategori kurang sebesar 71,43%, kategori sedang sebesar 25,71% dan 2,86% kategori baik. Perilaku responden kategori kurang sebesar 85,71% dan sedang sebesar 14,29%, kategori baik tidak ada. Kondisi lingkungan kategori kurang 14,29% dan kategori sedang sebesar 85,71% tidak ada kategori baik. Antara pengetahuan dengan pendidikan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05), sedang pengetahuan dengan perilaku dan pengetahuan dengan lingkungan terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, perilaku, lingkungan, leptospirosis. 

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Efrat L. Amitay ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Anton Gies ◽  
Michael Hoffmeister ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

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