scholarly journals Educational attainment inequalities in depressive symptoms in more than 100,000 individuals in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chlapecka ◽  
Anna Kagstrom ◽  
Pavla Cermakova
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Increasing educational attainment (EA) could decrease the occurrence of depression. We investigated the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in older individuals across four European regions. Methods We studied 108,315 Europeans (54% women, median age 63 years old) from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe assessing EA (seven educational levels based on International Standard Classification of Education [ISCED] classification) and depressive symptoms (≥4 points on EURO-D scale). Logistic regression estimated the association between EA and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors, testing for sex/age/region and education interactions. Results Higher EA was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independent of sociodemographic and health-related factors. A threshold of the lowest odds of depressive symptoms was detected at the first stage of tertiary education (OR 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.65; p < 0.001; relative to no education). Central and Eastern Europe showed the strongest association (OR for high vs. low education 0.37; 95% CI 0.33–0.40; p < 0.001) and Scandinavia the weakest (OR for high vs. low education 0.69; 95% CI 0.60–0.80; p < 0.001). The association was strongest among younger individuals. There was a sex and education interaction only within Central and Eastern Europe. Conclusions Level of EA is reflected in later-life depressive symptoms, suggesting that supporting individuals in achieving EA, and considering those with lower EA at increased risk for depression, could lead to decreased burden of depression across the life course. Further educational support in Central and Eastern Europe may decrease the higher burden of depressive symptoms in women.

scholarly journals Regular Exercise and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Young-Mee Kim ◽  
Sung-il Cho
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hand Grip

Prior studies have found that exercise has a positive effect on depressive symptoms in the general population. For older individuals, however, the association between exercise and depressive symptoms is conclusive. We examined whether regular exercise is related to depressive symptoms in 5379 Korean adults aged ≥55 years using data from a 2016 survey administered in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. We used the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale to assess depressive symptoms. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between regular exercise and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, hand-grip strength, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and health behavior. Interaction terms, including regular exercise and health-related factors, were also added. We found that a lack of regular exercise was significantly related to an increased frequency of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.35). Moreover, hand-grip strength may increase the effect of regular exercise on depressive symptoms in individuals 65 years and older (OR = 1.01 vs. 1.70, 95% CI = 1.05–1.96). Our results suggest that it is important to encourage older individuals to exercise regularly as a means of relieving depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The prospective relationship between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults from Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bertossi Urzua ◽  
Milagros A Ruiz ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Magdalena Kozela ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Prospective Association

BackgroundSocial cohesion has a potential protective effect against depression, but evidence for Central and Eastern Europe is lacking. We investigated the prospective association between social cohesion and elevated depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland, and assessed whether alcohol drinking and smoking mediated this association.MethodsCohort data from 15 438 older urban participants from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe project were analysed. Baseline social cohesion was measured by five questions, and depressive symptoms were measured 3 years later by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) Scale. Nested logistic regression models estimated ORs of elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 10 score ≥4) by z-scores and tertiles of social cohesion.ResultsPer 1 SD decrease in social cohesion score, adjusted ORs of elevated depressive symptoms were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13) in men and women, respectively. Further adjustment for smoking and drinking did not attenuate these associations in either men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) or women (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). Similarly, the fully adjusted ORs comparing the lowest versus highest social cohesion tertile were 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.62) in men and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.39) in women.ConclusionsLower levels of social cohesion was associated with heightened depressive symptoms after a 3-year follow-up among older Czech, Russian and Polish adults. These effects appeared stronger in men, and alcohol and smoking played no appreciable role in this association.

LIVING AND HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B.F. DO NASCIMENTO JACINTO DE SOUZA ◽  
L. MARÍN-LEON
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Background: The epidemiological and nutritional transition processes in the last decades underlie the rising trend of obesity in the elderly and is related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and decreased functional status. Objective: To analyze the association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors with overweight and obesity in elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Carried out in Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011. Participants: 452 non-institutionalized elderly (aged ≥60 years), half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the other half were neighbors of the same sex. Results:Overweight frequency (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2) was 44.5% and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 21.7%. In the multiple multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group and economic class, there was greater chance of overweight among those that reported dyslipidemia; those that reported arthritis/ arthrosis/rheumatism and that once or more per week replaced supper by a snack were more likely to be obese. Elderly who did not leave home daily and reported diabetes had higher chance of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with worse living and health-related conditions, such as physical inactivity, changes in eating behaviors, and chronic diseases. Public health policies should encourage regular physical activity and healthy eating behaviors, focusing on traditional diet, through nutritional education, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and chronic diseases.

Comorbidity of Medical and Psychiatric Disorders in Geriatric Population

2018 ◽  
pp. 448-474
Author(s):  
Pratima Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related

Ageing is a universal phenomenon that has not only social but also economic, political, and health-related implications. With the advancement in healthcare facilities and better availability of health services, the geriatric population is gradually increasing. But, this group is at an increased risk of developing both physical and psychological co-morbidities due to age-related factors and changes in the social circumstances. The present chapter proposes the concept and issues related to co-morbidity in the geriatric population. After discussing the issues and consequences of medical and psychiatric co-morbidities, their effective treatment regime and care/management in relation to the geriatric population are addressed.

scholarly journals Telephone-based Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery for depression: a pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Pellas ◽  
Fritz Renner ◽  
Julie Lin Ji ◽  
Mattias Damberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesTo shield vulnerable persons, particularly the eldery, during the Covid-19 pandemic governments around the world have adviced to use social distancing and self-isolation. Social isolation might put older adults at an increased risk for mental health problems such as depression. There is a need for brief, easy-accessible psychological treatments for depressive symptoms that can be delivered remotely. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of telephone-delivered Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery for the treatment of depressive symptoms in individuals 65 years and older living in isolation during the covid-19-pandemic.MethodsIn this open-label pilot randomized clinical trial, N = 41 individuals aged 65 years or older with clinically significant symptoms of depression were randomly assigned to either a Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery treatment condition, or an Attention-Assessment control condition delivered over the telephone over a four week period.ResultsDepressive symptoms decreased more in the treatment condition compared to the control condition. At post treatment 2 out of 16 participants in the treatment condition met diagnostic criteria for depression compared to 9 out of 13 in the control condition. Most participants in the treatment condition were satisfied with the treatment and few adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that behavioral activation with mental imagery delivered over the telephone is feasible, acceptable and potentially efficacious for the treatment of depressive symptoms in older individuals living in isolation. Replication in larger samples is needed.

Primary school achievement and socioeconomic attainment in individuals affected by parental cancer in childhood or adolescence: a Danish nationwide register-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 982-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cathrine Joergensen ◽  
Stine Kjaer Urhoj ◽  
Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Parental Cancer ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education

BackgroundChildren who experience parental cancer are at increased risk of developing emotional, social, cognitive and behavioural problems. Our aim was to investigate how experience of parental cancer in childhood or adolescence is associated with primary school achievement, educational attainment and income in early adult life.MethodsThis is a register-linkage, prospective study of children born in Denmark from 1978 through 1999 and their parents. Parental cancer experience before the ages of 15 and 18 was identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Final grade point average (GPA) in ninth grade, educational attainment and disposable personal income at the age of 30 were identified in Statistics Denmark registers. General linear models and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate beta estimates of GPA, and relative risk ratios (RRR) for lower educational and income levels compared with children without parental cancer, taking parental educational status into account.ResultsChildren who had experienced parental cancer achieved a slightly lower final GPA in ninth grade and had a higher risk of low educational attainment (RRR: 1.20; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.25) and attenuated income at the age of 30 (RRR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16). For all outcomes, analyses suggested substantial deterioration in achievements in subgroups of children whose parent had a severe cancer type (RRRLow education: 1.52; 95% CI 1.39 to 1.66) or if the parent died of cancer (RRRLow education: 1.61; 95% CI 1.49 to 1.75).ConclusionEducational and socioeconomic attainments in early adulthood were affected negatively in individuals who had experienced parental cancer as children or adolescents. The associations appeared stronger the more severe the cancer was.

scholarly journals Long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in old age: Relationships with sociodemographic and health-related factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque ◽  
Javier de la Fuente ◽  
Matthew Prina ◽  
Albert Sanchez-Niubo ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Factors Contributing to Unexpected Retirement and Unemployment in Adults Over 50 Years Old in Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141772270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Schinkel-Ivy ◽  
Irene Mosca ◽  
Avril Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Status Data

Older adults are increasingly important to maintaining stable workforces. As such, factors contributing to early workforce exit must be identified. This study aimed to identify predictors of unexpected retirement and unemployment at older age, with respect to psychological constructs, resulting adverse behaviors, and health-related factors reflecting functional status. Data were extracted from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to predict unexpected retirement and unemployment in older adults in Ireland. Increasing age, increasing number of impairments in activities of daily living, and frailty status of “pre-frail/frail” (relative to non-frail) increased the likelihood of unexpected retirement; while greater numbers of physical limitations and “pre-frail/frail” status significantly predicted unemployment at older age. Pre-frail/frail status or reduced physical capability for everyday tasks may adversely affect older individuals’ ability to obtain and/or maintain employment. These findings advance the current understanding of factors associated with unexpected retirement and unemployment at older ages. Findings may aid in identifying strategies to extend working life and to aid at-risk older adults, and may inform components of care on which to focus to minimize loss of function and mobility, and maintain independence, with aging.

scholarly journals Fatores de estresse psicossociais e relacionados à saúde enfrentados por estudantes de medicina

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nayara Karoline Correa Pereira ◽  
Igor Padoim ◽  
Renerio Fraguas Junior
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quality Of Food

Stress is common among medical students and is associated with increased risk of burnout, anxiety and depression, alcohol and drug abuse, social difficulties, suicidal ideation and suicide. The purpose of this literature review was to identify the sources of stress in undergraduate medical students. In order to achieve that, we conducted a search for papers published in the Medline database from 2003 to 2014. Due to the extension of sources of stress identified in this population and our interest on the subject, we chose to include only papers that addressed specifically two main categories of stressors: psychosocial and/or health-related. We divided the psychosocial sources into four groups: social, familial, infrastructural and not specified. Among the most relevant social sources, we found loneliness, social isolation, interpersonal conflict, social relationships and worry about the future. Familial sources of stress included high parental expectation, family problems and financial problems. Among the infrastructural sources, we found relevance for absence of an optimal place to study outside the university and accommodation away from home, particularly for first-year students and for males. Few studies have focused on health-related sources of stress. The most relevant sources of health-related stress were the quality of food in mess and sleeping difficulties. While the relevance of some sources varied according to the medical school, the importance of some sources such as quality of food in mess, sleeping difficulties and worry about the future was consensual among the studies. Of relevance is the fact that most of these sources of stress can be reversed. For example, a healthy relationship has been reported to protect against stress; thus, programmes aimed at the improvement of students’ relationships may be effective in decreasing the stress associated with loneliness, social isolation and interpersonal conflict. The relevance of a stressor should be evaluated in each school taking into consideration the influence of its context peculiarities. Although several studies have reported the sources of stress, studies looking specifically at each source, investigating its impact, related factors and feasibility of change are warranted.

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