Physical and Emotional Health Effects and Social Consequences After Participation in a Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Dietary Trial for More Than 5 Years

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2311-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gregory Hislop ◽  
Chris D. Bajdik ◽  
Lynda G. Balneaves ◽  
Andrea Holmes ◽  
Selina Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Sf 36

Purpose Little is known about the potential adverse effects of interventions to reduce dietary fat. We examined the physical and emotional health effects, and social consequences experienced by women at high risk for breast cancer who had participated in a low-fat diet intervention, randomized, controlled trial for at least 5 years. Methods Participants in the Canadian Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial from British Columbia were mailed a survey questionnaire that included the validated Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), and a series of questions on health-related and social constructs. Responses were compared between the diet intervention and control groups by menopausal status. Results Completed questionnaires were returned by 359 women in the diet intervention group and 382 in the control group. No significant differences were found between these groups for SF-36 and WHQ health outcomes, hair/nail changes, physical activity levels, family/friend support levels, and doctor visits. Significantly more women in the intervention group reported taking products for arthritis (other than pain medication), greater difficulty in maintaining eating habits in social situations and at work, greater stress, and guilt related to personal eating habits. These findings persisted for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion Changes resulting from a low-fat diet intervention can be incorporated into women's daily lives with limited long-term negative effects.

Effects of a High-Fiber, Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Serum Concentrations of Reproductive Steroid Hormones in Women With a History of Breast Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2379-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Shirley W. Flatt ◽  
Cynthia A. Thomson ◽  
Marcia L. Stefanick ◽  
Vicky A. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Purpose Diet intervention trials are testing whether postdiagnosis dietary modification can influence breast cancer recurrence and survival. One possible mechanism is an effect on reproductive steroid hormones. Participants and Methods Serum reproductive steroid hormones were measured at enrollment and 1 year in 291 women with a history of breast cancer who were enrolled onto a randomized, controlled diet intervention trial. Dietary goals for the intervention group were increased fiber, vegetable, and fruit intakes and reduced fat intake. Estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured. Results The intervention (but not the comparison) group reported a significantly lower intake of energy from fat (21% v 28%), and higher intake of fiber (29 g/d v 22 g/d), at 1-year follow-up (P < .001). Significant weight loss did not occur in either group. A significant difference in the change in bioavailable estradiol concentration from baseline to 1 year in the intervention (−13 pmol/L) versus the comparison (+3 pmol/L) group was observed (P < .05). Change in fiber (but not fat) intake was significantly and independently related to change in serum bioavailable estradiol (P < .01) and total estradiol (P < .05) concentrations. Conclusion Results from this study indicate that a high-fiber, low-fat diet intervention is associated with reduced serum bioavailable estradiol concentration in women diagnosed with breast cancer, the majority of whom did not exhibit weight loss. Increased fiber intake was independently related to the reduction in serum estradiol concentration.

scholarly journals A Randomized Trial of a Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Tertiary Analysis of the WHI Dietary Modification Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Allison ◽  
Aaron K. Aragaki ◽  
Roberta M. Ray ◽  
Karen L. Margolis ◽  
Shirley A.A. Beresford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Low-fat dietary pattern and long-term breast cancer incidence and mortality: The Women’s Health Initiative randomized clinical trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 520-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Aaron K Aragaki ◽  
Garnet L Anderson ◽  
Kathy Pan ◽  
Marian L Neuhouser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cancer Breast

520 Background: Observational studies of dietary fat intake and breast cancer have inconsistent findings. To address this issue, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification (DM) clinical trial assessed a low-fat dietary pattern influence on breast cancer incidence and outcome. Methods: The WHI DM trial is a randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted at 40 US centers, where 48,835 postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 years, with no previous breast cancer and dietary fat intake ≥32% of total energy, were randomly assigned, from 1993-1998, to a usual diet comparison group (60%) or dietary intervention group (40%) with goals to reduce fat intake to 20% of energy and increase vegetables, fruit, and grain intake. This study is registered as: NCT00000611. Results: The dietary intervention significantly reduced fat intake; increased fruit, vegetable and grain intake with modest weight loss (3%) (all P< 0.001). During 8.5 years of dietary intervention, there were 8% fewer breast cancers and deaths from breast cancer were somewhat lower in the intervention group but the rates were not significantly different. However, deaths after breast cancer (breast cancer followed by death from any cause) were significantly reduced in the intervention group, both during intervention (hazard ratio [HR] 0·65 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·45-0·95) and through 16.1 year (median) cumulative follow-up. Now, after long- term, cumulative 19.6 year (median) follow-up, with 3,374 incident breast cancers, the significant reduction in deaths after breast cancer continued (with 1,011 deaths, HR 0·85 95% CI 0·74-0·96) and a significant reduction in deaths from breast cancer (breast cancer followed by death attributed to the breast cancer) emerged (with 383 deaths, HR 0·79 95% CI 0·64-0·97). Conclusions: Adoption of a low-fat dietary pattern associated with increased vegetable, fruit, and grain intake, demonstrably achievable by many, significantly reduced the risk of death from breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To our review, these findings provide the first randomized clinical trial evidence that a dietary change can reduce a postmenopausal woman’s risk of dying from breast cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT00000611.

The Effectiveness of Education on a Very Low-fat Diet (10% calories from fat) Among Breast Cancer Survivors.

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. A66
Author(s):  
L.E. Grieger ◽  
P.E. Carpenter ◽  
L.B. MacMurtry ◽  
S.J. Stratton ◽  
Jeffrey Hargis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

scholarly journals Vasomotor Symptoms, Adoption of a Low-Fat Dietary Pattern, and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 4500-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette J. Caan ◽  
Aaron Aragaki ◽  
Cynthia A. Thomson ◽  
Marcia L. Stefanick ◽  
Rowan Chlebowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cancer Rate ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Breast Cancer Rate ◽  
Er Positive

Purpose To assess whether the effect of a low-fat dietary pattern on breast cancer incidence varied by report of baseline vasomotor symptoms. Methods Postmenopausal women age 50 to 79 years enrolled onto the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification trial from 1993 to 1998 were randomly assigned to a low-fat dietary intervention (n = 19,541) or comparison (n = 29,294). Presence of vasomotor symptoms at baseline was ascertained from a 34-item self-report symptom inventory. Women were queried semi-annually for a new diagnosis of breast cancer. Each case report was verified by medical record and pathology report review by centrally trained WHI physician adjudicators. Results Among participants who reported hot flashes (HFs) at baseline (n = 3,375), those assigned to the low-fat diet had a breast cancer rate of 0.27 compared with their counterparts in the control group who had a rate of 0.41 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.01). Among women reporting no HFs (n = 45,160), the breast cancer rate was 0.42 in those assigned to the low-fat diet compared with 0.46 in the control group (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03; P for interaction = .12 by HF status). Furthermore, the dietary benefits observed seemed to be specific to estrogen receptor (ER) –positive/progesterone receptor (PR) –positive tumors (ER positive/PR positive v other, P for risk = .03). Although women with and without HFs differed with regard to breast cancer risk factors, the effect of the diet intervention on breast cancer incidence by HF status was consistent across risk factor strata. Conclusion The results of this trial, which are hypothesis generating, suggest that HFs may identify a subgroup of postmenopausal women whose risk of invasive breast cancer might be reduced with the adoption of a low-fat eating pattern.

scholarly journals Associations Between an Overall, Healthful and Unhealthful Low-Fat Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in a Mediterranean Cohort: The SUN Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Aguilera Buenosvinos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Iztiar Zazpe ◽  
Cesar Ignacio Fernández Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Sun Project

Abstract Objectives Dietary patterns may have a greater influence on human health than individual foods or nutrients and they are also being widely studied in the field of breast cancer prevention. Beyond the adequate balance of macronutrients, evidence shows that the quality of fat sources may play an important role in health outcomes. Our aim was to assess the relationship between healthful and less healthful low-fat dietary patterns in relation to breast cancer in a Mediterranean cohort (the SUN project). Methods The SUN Project is a Mediterranean dynamic prospective follow-up cohort study assessing participants every 2 years. We evaluated 10,930 middle-aged women initially free of breast cancer during a median of follow-up of 12.1 years. Dietary variables were evaluated through a previously validated 136-item FFQ. We calculated an overall, an unhealthful, and a healthful low-fat-diet score (rang: 0–30 points) based on the percentage of energy from total and subtypes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Participants were then categorized into tertiles.  Incident breast cancer was de primary outcome. We fitted Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders to investigate the relationship between baseline categories of low-fat-diet scores and the incidence of breast cancer- overall and stratified by menopausal status-. Results During 123,297 person-years of follow-up, 119 cases of incident breast cancer were confirmed. Among postmenopausal women, a significant direct association with postmenopausal breast cancer (comparing tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, HR = 2.60; 95% CI 1.24–5.45, P value = 0.012) was found.  None of the other associations was statistically significant. Conclusions In this Mediterranean prospective cohort study, a moderate adherence to an unhealthy low-fat-diet-score might increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. These results must be further confirmed in future studies. Funding Sources The SUN project received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund, the Navarra Regional Government and the University of Navarra.

scholarly journals Weight, Physical Activity, Diet, and Prognosis in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (26) ◽  
pp. 4074-4080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Melinda Irwin ◽  
Vivian VonGruenigen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Gynecologic Cancers ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer. Observational studies show associations between being overweight or obese and weight gain with several measures of reduced prognosis in women with breast cancer and some suggestion of poor prognosis in underweight women. Observational studies have shown an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality, although a dose-response relationship has not been established. One large randomized controlled trial reported increased disease-free survival after a mean of 5 years in patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to a low-fat diet versus control. However, another trial of similar size found no effect from a high vegetable/fruit, low-fat diet on breast cancer prognosis. The few reported studies suggest that obesity negatively affects endometrial cancer survival, while the limited data are mixed for associations of weight with ovarian cancer prognosis. Insufficient data exist for assessing associations of weight, physical activity, or diet with prognosis in other gynecologic cancers. Associations of particular micronutrient intake and alcohol use with prognosis are not defined for any of these cancers. The effects of dietary weight loss and increase in physical activity on survival or recurrence in breast and gynecologic cancers are not yet established, and randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive data.

scholarly journals Alterations in mood after changing to a low-fat diet

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Wells ◽  
Nicholas W. Read ◽  
Jonathan D. E. Laugharne ◽  
N. S. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

The effects on mood of reducing dietary fat while keeping the energy constant were examined in ten male and ten female healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 37 years. Each volunteer consumed a diet containing 41% energy as fat for 1 month. For the second month half of the subjects changed to a low-fat diet (25% energy from fat) and the remainder continued to eat the diet containing 41% energy from fat. Changes in mood and blood lipid concentrations were assessed before, during and at the end of the study. Profile of mood states (POMS) ratings of anger–hostility significantly increased in the intervention group after 1 month on the low-fat diet, while during the same period there was a slight decline in anger–hostility in the control subjects (group F 6.72; df 1,14; P = 0.021). Tension–anxiety ratings declined in the control group consuming the higher fat diet but did not change in the group consuming the low-fat diet (group F 6.34; df 1,14; P = 0.025). There was a decline in fasting concentrations of HDL-cholesterol after the low-fat diet and a small increase in subjects consuming the medium-fat diet (group F 4.96; df 1,12; P = 0.046), but no significant changes in concentrations of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or triacylglycerol were observed. The results suggest that a change in dietary fat content from 41 to 25% energy may have adverse effects on mood. The alterations in mood appear to be unrelated to changes in fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations.

Low-Fat Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (3) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
William J. McCarthy ◽  
Tony Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet
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