Utilization and outcomes of primary tumor surgery for stage IV colon cancer in the United States: A population-based study.
3542 Background: Stage IV colon cancer treatment may include resection of the primary tumor. Current use of primary tumor surgery (PTS) in clinical practice is unknown. This study examined utilization and determinants of PTS and evaluated its effect on survival. Methods: Using national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data, stage IV colon cancer patients diagnosed from 1998-2008 were identified. Data on demographics, PTS, and tumor features were collected. Temporal changes in receipt of PTS were examined over 3 periods (1998-2000, 2001-2004, 2005-2008). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify significant determinants of PTS. 1- and 3-year cancer-specific survival was calculated in PTS and non-PTS patients. Cox proportional hazards models examined the effect of PTS on mortality risk. Results: 16,029 patients were identified. Median age was 69 (IQR: 57-78), and 50% were male. Approximately 67% of patients received PTS. Receipt of PTS significantly declined from 72% in 1998-2000 to 68% in 2001-2004, and 63% in 2005-2008 (p<0.01). Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that patients who were younger, white, married, had right sided cancer and higher tumor grade were more likely to receive PTS (all p<0.01). The 1- and 3-year survival was higher in patients who received PTS compared with those who did not (1-year: 55% (95% CI: 54-56) vs. 24% (95% CI: 23-26); 3-year: 19% (95% CI: 19-20) vs. 4% (95%CI: 3.4-4.9)). Adjusted for demographics and tumor features, risk of mortality was 54% (HR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.44-0.48) lower in patients who received PTS than those without PTS. Recent year of diagnosis (HR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.75-0.80) and being married (HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) were associated with lower mortality. Older age (HR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.39-1.56), black race (HR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.15), right sided cancer (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.17-1.26), and poorly differentiated tumors (HR= 1.62; 95% CI: 1.46-1.80) were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: PTS utilization for stage IV colon cancer has significantly declined, yet survival was higher in patients who received PTS. However, these findings are limited by the absence of co-morbidity and chemotherapy data.