Vasectomy and risk of lethal prostate cancer: A 24-year prospective study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5086-5086
Author(s):  
Lorelei A. Mucci ◽  
Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui ◽  
Kathryn M Wilson ◽  
Mara Meyer Epstein ◽  
Jennifer R Rider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Bony Metastasis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Lethal Prostate Cancer

5086 Background: In the United States, 10 to 15 percent of adult men have undergone a vasectomy. There is conflicting evidence whether vasectomy is associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Methods: We undertook a prospective study among 49,432 men in the US Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The men were age 40 to 75 years at baseline in 1986 and were followed prospectively for cancer incidence and mortality through 2010; 6,398 incident cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed, including 734 with high grade (Gleason 8 – 10) and 813 with cancer causing death or bony metastasis (lethal). We used cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals) of the association between vasectomy and incidence of high grade and lethal prostate cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. We examined associations in the total cohort, and in a subset of 12,371 men highly screened by PSA in order to disentangle potential diagnostic bias. Results: At baseline, 22 percent of men reported having had a vasectomy. Men who had undergone vasectomy were at increased risk of high-grade (HR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.47) and lethal (HR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.43) prostate cancer. In the highly screened cohort, the association was similar for high-grade cancer, and even stronger for lethal disease (HR 1.56, 1.03-2.36). The risk of lethal prostate cancer was higher among men who had a vasectomy before age 38 years compared to at older ages. The increased risks with vasectomy could not be explained by differences in hormone levels, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, or cancer treatments. Conclusions: Data from this study support the hypothesis that vasectomy is associated with a small increased incidence of aggressive prostate cancer defined as high grade cancer and disease causing death or bony metastasis. Differences in diagnostic intensity or confounding bias do not explain this elevated risk.

scholarly journals Vasectomy and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (27) ◽  
pp. 3033-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui ◽  
Kathryn M. Wilson ◽  
Mara M. Epstein ◽  
Jennifer R. Rider ◽  
Neil E. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose Conflicting reports remain regarding the association between vasectomy, a common form of male contraception in the United States, and prostate cancer risk. We examined prospectively this association with extended follow-up and an emphasis on advanced and lethal disease. Patients and Methods Among 49,405 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, age 40 to 75 years at baseline in 1986, 6,023 patients with prostate cancer were diagnosed during the follow-up to 2010, including 811 lethal cases. In total, 12,321 men (25%) had vasectomies. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs of total, advanced, high-grade, and lethal disease, with adjustment for a variety of possible confounders. Results Vasectomy was associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer overall (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17). Risk was elevated for high-grade (Gleason score 8 to 10; RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.45) and lethal disease (death or distant metastasis; RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.43). Among a subcohort of men receiving regular prostate-specific antigen screening, the association with lethal cancer was stronger (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.36). Vasectomy was not associated with the risk of low-grade or localized disease. Additional analyses suggested that the associations were not driven by differences in sex hormone levels, sexually transmitted infections, or cancer treatment. Conclusion Our data support the hypothesis that vasectomy is associated with a modest increased incidence of lethal prostate cancer. The results do not appear to be due to detection bias, and confounding by infections or cancer treatment is unlikely.

Heavy ethanol intake and elevated prostate cancer risk among men with previous negative biopsies in the REDUCE trial.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
Lionel Lloyds Banez ◽  
Cathrine Hoyo ◽  
Leah Gerber ◽  
Daniel M. Moreira ◽  
Madeline G McKeever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prostate Cancer Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Biopsies

187 Background: Whether ethanol intake contributes to prostate cancer (CaP) risk is debated. Although ethanol was found to contribute to increased CaP risk in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, whether ethanol intake impacts CaP risk among men with previous negative biopsies has not been previously assessed. We therefore examined the relationship between ethanol consumption and CaP risk in the REDUCE trial and further sought to determine whether ethanol intake modifies the effect of dutasteride in reducing CaP risk. Methods: This is secondary analyses using data from 6,729 men who had at least one on-study biopsy while participating in the REDUCE trial. Ethanol intake, which was expressed as units (½ pint of beer or 1 glass of wine, etc.) per week, was analyzed as a continuous and three-tiered categorical variable [non-drinker, moderate (≤7 units/week), heavy-drinker (>7 units/week)]. Risks for overall and high-grade (Gleason ≥7 vs. Gleason<7 CaP or biopsy negative) CaP were evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for clinical parameters including dutasteride intake. Test for interaction was used to determine whether the association between dutasteride and CaP risk is influenced by ethanol. Results: Forty-nine percent were moderate-drinkers and 26% were heavy-drinkers. On a continuum, increased ethanol intake was significantly associated with elevated risk for overall (p=0.035) and high-grade CaP (p=0.048). Compared to non-drinkers, heavy drinkers were at increased risk for overall (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.43; p=0.03) and high-grade CaP (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.01-1.78; p=0.04). Risks for overall (p=0.55) and high-grade CaP (p=0.21) were comparable between moderate- and non-drinkers. Dutasteride reduced overall CaP risk (OR 0.73; p<0.001) and ethanol intake did not modify the effect of dutasteride on CaP incidence (p-interaction=0.64). Conclusions: Among low-risk men with at least one prior negative prostate biopsy, heavy ethanol intake is associated with increased risk for overall and high-grade CaP. In contrast to CaP prevention with finasteride, which appears to be inhibited by heavy ethanol intake, consumption of ethanol does not negatively impact CaP prevention with dutasteride.

scholarly journals Height, selected genetic markers and prostate cancer risk: results from the PRACTICAL consortium

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artitaya Lophatananon ◽  
◽  
Sarah Stewart-Brown ◽  
Zsofia Kote-Jarai ◽  
Ali Amin Al Olama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Evidence on height and prostate cancer risk is mixed, however, recent studies with large data sets support a possible role for its association with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Methods: We analysed data from the PRACTICAL consortium consisting of 6207 prostate cancer cases and 6016 controls and a subset of high grade cases (2480 cases). We explored height, polymorphisms in genes related to growth processes as main effects and their possible interactions. Results: The results suggest that height is associated with high-grade prostate cancer risk. Men with height >180 cm are at a 22% increased risk as compared to men with height <173 cm (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Genetic variants in the growth pathway gene showed an association with prostate cancer risk. The aggregate scores of the selected variants identified a significantly increased risk of overall prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer by 13% and 15%, respectively, in the highest score group as compared to lowest score group. Conclusions: There was no evidence of gene-environment interaction between height and the selected candidate SNPs. Our findings suggest a role of height in high-grade prostate cancer. The effect of genetic variants in the genes related to growth is seen in all cases and high-grade prostate cancer. There is no interaction between these two exposures.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Measures and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Sattayapiwat ◽  
Peggy Wan ◽  
Brenda Y Hernandez ◽  
Loic Le Marchand ◽  
Lynne Wilkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk conducted primarily in White men have reported positive associations with advanced disease. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over a 22-year period (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (hazard ratio=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48; ≥68 inches versus &lt;66 inches) and high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared to men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in African Americans and Native Hawaiians (Pheterogeneity by race 0.0002 and 0.008 respectively). Weight change since age 21 was positively associated with high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; for ≥40 lb vs 10 lb; Ptrend=0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all five racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.

scholarly journals Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Smith ◽  
Byrne ◽  
Jose Maria Castaño ◽  
Maria Dolores Chirlaque ◽  
Hans Lilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Purpose Vasectomy is a commonly used form of male sterilization, and some studies have suggested that it may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, including more aggressive forms of the disease. We investigated the prospective association of vasectomy with prostate cancer in a large European cohort, with a focus on high-grade and advanced-stage tumors, and death due to prostate cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 84,753 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), aged 35 to 79 years, provided information on vasectomy status (15% with vasectomy) at recruitment and were followed for incidence of prostate cancer and death. We estimated the association of vasectomy with prostate cancer risk overall, by tumor subtype, and for death due to prostate cancer, using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results During an average follow-up of 15.4 years, 4,377 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, including 641 who had undergone a vasectomy. Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.15), and no evidence for heterogeneity in the association was observed by stage of disease or years since vasectomy. There was some evidence of heterogeneity by tumor grade ( P = .02), with an increased risk for low-intermediate grade (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29) but not high-grade prostate cancer (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.07). Vasectomy was not associated with death due to prostate cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.12). Conclusion These findings from a large European prospective study show no elevated risk for overall, high-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer, or death due to prostate cancer in men who have undergone a vasectomy compared with men who have not.

scholarly journals Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Large US Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (32) ◽  
pp. 3880-3885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Jacobs ◽  
Rebecca L. Anderson ◽  
Victoria L. Stevens ◽  
Christina C. Newton ◽  
Ted Gansler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Purpose In a recent large prospective study, vasectomy was associated with modestly higher risk of prostate cancer, especially high-grade and lethal prostate cancer. However, evidence from prospective studies remains limited. Therefore, we assessed the associations of vasectomy with prostate cancer incidence and mortality in a large cohort in the United States. Patients and Methods We examined the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer mortality among 363,726 men in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort, of whom 7,451 died as a result of prostate cancer during follow-up from 1982 to 2012. We also examined the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer incidence among 66,542 men in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subgroup of the CPS-II cohort, of whom 9,133 were diagnosed with prostate cancer during follow-up from 1992 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results In the CPS-II cohort, vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer mortality (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.10). In the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, vasectomy was not associated with either overall prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.08) or high-grade prostate cancer incidence (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.07 for cancers with Gleason score ≥ 8). Conclusion Results from these large prospective cohorts do not support associations of vasectomy with either prostate cancer incidence or prostate cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Social Jetlag and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Liang Hu ◽  
Andrew Harper ◽  
Emily Heer ◽  
Jessica McNeil ◽  
Chao Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Increased Risk

We investigated the association of social jetlag (misalignment between the internal clock and socially required timing of activities) and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected from 7455 cancer-free men aged 35–69 years enrolled in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (ATP) from 2001–2007. In the 2008 survey, participants reported usual bed- and wake-times on weekdays and weekend days. Social jetlag was defined as the absolute difference in waking time between weekday and weekend days, and was categorized into three groups: 0–<1 h (from 0 to anything smaller than 1), 1–<2 h (from 1 to anything smaller than 2), and 2+ h. ATP facilitated data linkage with the Alberta Cancer Registry in June 2018 to determine incident prostate cancer cases (n = 250). Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusting for a range of covariates. Median follow-up was 9.57 years, yielding 68,499 person-years. Baseline presence of social jetlag of 1–<2 h (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.01), and 2+ hours (HR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.46) were associated with increased prostate cancer risk vs. those reporting no social jetlag (p for trend = 0.004). These associations remained after adjusting for sleep duration (p for trend = 0.006). With respect to chronotype, the association between social jetlag and prostate cancer risk remained significant in men with early chronotypes (p for trend = 0.003) but attenuated to null in men with intermediate (p for trend = 0.150) or late chronotype (p for trend = 0.381). Our findings suggest that greater than one hour of habitual social jetlag is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Longitudinal studies with repeated measures of social jetlag and large samples with sufficient advanced prostate cancer cases are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

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