Prevalence and adverse impact of extended antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic oncology surgery.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Matthew Mossanen ◽  
Josh Calvert ◽  
Sarah Holt ◽  
Andrew Callaway James ◽  
Jonathan L. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Urologic Oncology ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Postoperative Length ◽  
Hospital Acquired

294 Background: Providers exhibit variation in the selection of the class, dose, and duration of prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) to prevent postsurgical infections. We sought to evaluate ABP practice patterns for common inpatient urologic oncology surgeries and ascertain the association between extended ABP and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infections. Methods: From the PREMIER database for 2007–2012, we identified patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), radical or partial nephrectomy (Nephx), or radical cystectomy (RC). We defined extended ABP from charges for antibiotics ≥ 2 days after surgery; exclusive of patients with a switch in antibiotic class within 2 postoperative days for presumption of infection. We identified postoperative C. diff infections using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Hierarchical linear regression models were constructed by procedure to identify patient and provider factors associated with extended ABP. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between extended ABP and postoperative C. diff infection, adjusting for patient and provider characteristics. Results: We identified 59,184 RP patients, 27,921 Nephx patients, and 5,425 RC patients. RC patients were more likely to receive extended ABP (56%) than RP (18%) or Nephx (29%) patients (p<0.001). Other factors associated with extended ABP included prolonged postoperative length of stay (OR ≥ 1.69, p<0.001 for all procedures), and surgical volume (p<0.001 for highest vs. lowest volume quartiles). Hospital identity explained 35% of the variability in ABP after RP, 23% after Nephx, and 20% after RC. Among Nephx and RC patients, extended ABP was associated with significantly higher odds of postoperative C. diff infection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.46–5.84, and OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12–2.39, respectively). Conclusions: We identified marked hospital-level variability in extended ABP following RP, Nephx, and RC, which was associated with significantly increased odds of hospital-acquired C. diff infections. Efforts to increase provider compliance with national ABP guidelines may decrease preventable hospital-acquired infections after urologic cancer surgery.

Factors Associated With Completion: Pathways Through Developmental Mathematics

2020 ◽  
pp. 152102511990098
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Howell ◽  
Candace Walkington
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Developmental Mathematics ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mathematics Coursework ◽  
Time Required

This study examines two 5-year longitudinal data sets of community college students ( n = 595 and n = 593) to explore factors associated with successful outcomes in developmental mathematics. Logistic regression models consider the role of demographic factors, course format, and student support structures on the likelihood of a student completing the developmental sequence and subsequently passing a credit-level mathematics course. Additional linear regression models examine the time required to complete developmental coursework. Tutoring has a strong association with positive student outcomes, as does full-time enrollment and developmental mathematics coursework grades. Alternative course formats are also associated with increased likelihood of success for students, but some alternative formats delay a student's time line. Implications for developmental mathematics programs in community college settings are discussed.

Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2635-2643
Author(s):  
Samantha L Freije ◽  
Jordan A Holmes ◽  
Saleh Rachidi ◽  
Susannah G Ellsworth ◽  
Richard C Zellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
African American Race

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African–American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17–1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36–1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32–2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49–2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.

Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: A Multiverse Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097165
Author(s):  
Matthew T. McBee ◽  
Rebecca J. Brand ◽  
Wallace E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Television Exposure

In 2004, Christakis and colleagues published an article in which they claimed that early childhood television exposure causes later attention problems, a claim that continues to be frequently promoted by the popular media. Using the same National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data set ( N = 2,108), we conducted two multiverse analyses to examine whether the finding reported by Christakis and colleagues was robust to different analytic choices. We evaluated 848 models, including logistic regression models, linear regression models, and two forms of propensity-score analysis. If the claim were true, we would expect most of the justifiable analyses to produce significant results in the predicted direction. However, only 166 models (19.6%) yielded a statistically significant relationship, and most of these employed questionable analytic choices. We concluded that these data do not provide compelling evidence of a harmful effect of TV exposure on attention.

scholarly journals Predictors of chronic opioid therapy in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GYeon Oh ◽  
Emily S. Brouwer ◽  
Erin L. Abner ◽  
David W. Fardo ◽  
Patricia R. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Opioid Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries

AbstractThe factors associated with chronic opioid therapy (COT) in patients with HIV is understudied. Using Medicaid data (2002–2009), this retrospective cohort study examines COT in beneficiaries with HIV who initiated standard combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). We used generalized estimating equations on logistic regression models with backward selection to identify significant predictors of COT initiation. COT was initiated among 1014 out of 9615 beneficiaries with HIV (male: 10.4%; female: 10.7%). Those with older age, any malignancy, Hepatitis C infection, back pain, arthritis, neuropathy pain, substance use disorder, polypharmacy, (use of) benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and prior opioid therapies were positively associated with COT. In sex-stratified analyses, multiple predictors were shared between male and female beneficiaries; however, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, any malignancy, and antipsychotic therapy were unique to female beneficiaries. Comorbidities and polypharmacy were important predictors of COT in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated cART.

FERTILITY DESIRES OF YORUBA COUPLES OF SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOLAWOLE AZEEZ OYEDIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Living Children

Using the matched wife–husband (763) sample from the data collected from Ogbomoso and Iseyin towns in Oyo State, Nigeria, this paper examines factors associated with couples’ fertility intention. The analysis used logistic regression models for predicting the effects of selected socioeconomic background characteristics on a couple’s fertility intention. Results indicate high levels of concurrence among husbands and wives on fertility intention. Where differences exist, husbands are more pronatalists than their wives. About 87% of pairs of partners reported similar fertility preferences. Of these couples, 59·5% wanted more children while only 27·8% reported otherwise. The logistic regression models indicated that a couple’s fertility intention was associated with age, education, place of residence, frequency of television-watching and number of living children. Therefore, programme interventions aimed at promoting fertility reduction in Nigeria should convey fertility regulation messages to both husbands and wives.

Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

scholarly journals Leishmania infection in a population of dogs: an epidemiological investigation relating to visceral leishmaniasis control

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klauber Menezes Penaforte ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto ◽  
Renata Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro ◽  
Robson Bruniera de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Actions

Identification of factors associated with Leishmaniainfection in dogs is essential for targeting visceral leishmaniasis control actions. Thus, the present study analyzed some of these factors in a population of dogs in a Brazilian municipality, along with the limitations of control strategies implemented there. The association between the exposure variables and occurrences of infection was analyzed through logistic regression models. The disease control interventions were treated qualitatively. Out of the 755 animals examined, 13.6% (103/755) were seropositive. Of these, 23.3% (24/103) were asymptomatic and 76.7% (79/103) presented at least one clinical sign possibly associated with visceral leishmaniasis. With weak associations, purebred, shorthaired, over 5 years of age, male and large dogs were more prone to infection. The latter two variables formed the final regression model and the association with dog size was statistically significant. The control strategies developed presented limitations and a great number of seronegative dogs was culled. The data presented contribute towards better understanding of the dynamics of infection in canine visceral leishmaniasis and indicate that actions aimed towards adequate implementation of Visceral Leishmaniasis control program in Brazilian endemic areas should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. on dairy farms in Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arifin Budiman Nugraha ◽  
Umi Cahyaningsih ◽  
Etih Sudarnika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Area Data

Cryptosporidial infection is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and livestock worldwide. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts in Bogor. A total of 308 faecal samples were collected from 136 calves less than 6 months, 44 from those 6-12 months and 128 from those than 12 months. Data of factors potentially associated with the likelihood of Cryptosporidium spp. infection were recorded (i.e., enviromental status, size of herd, and herd management). Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst was identified by using modified acid fast (Ziehl Neelsen) staining technique and microscopically examined under 400x magnifition. Results showed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Bogor was 21.1% (CI 95%; 16.5%-25.6%). The highest prevalence was 29% (CI 95%; 26.8%-31.7%) in cattle aged less than 6 months. The oocysts abundance were around <5 oocysts per microscopy visual area. Data was analyzed using logistic regression models.  Statistical analysis showed that there were association between cryptosporidiosis and calves aged less than 6 months with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 (CI 95%; 1.5-5.2) times compared with cattle aged more than 12 months.

scholarly journals Forgiveness of dolutegravir-based triple therapy compared to older antiretroviral regimens: a prospective multicenter cohort of adherence patterns and HIV-RNA replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Parienti ◽  
Anna L Fournier ◽  
Laurent Cotte ◽  
Marie-Paule Schneider ◽  
Manuel Etienne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Adherence Pattern ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Rna Levels

Abstract Background For many people living with HIV (PLWH), taking antiretroviral therapy (ARV) every day is difficult. Methods Average adherence (Av-Adh) and log-transformed treatment interruption (TI) to ARV were prospectively measured over 6 months using electronic drug monitoring (EDM) in several cohorts of PLWH. Multivariate linear regression models including baseline confounders explored the influence of EDM-defined adherence (R 2) on 6-month Log10 HIV-RNA. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare the risk of HIV-RNA detection within subgroups stratified by lower (≤95%) and higher (&gt;95%) Av-Adh. Results Three hundred ninety nine PLWH were analyzed with different ARV: dolutegravir (n=102), raltegravir (n=90), boosted PI (bPI; n=107), and NNRTI (n=100). In the dolutegravir group, the influence of adherence pattern measures on R 2 for HIV-RNA levels was marginal (+2%). Av-Adh, TI and Av-Adh x TI increased the R 2 for HIV-RNA levels by 54% and 40% in the raltegravir and bPI treatment groups, respectively. TI increased the R 2 for HIV-RNA levels by 36% in the NNRTI treatment group. Compared to dolutegravir-based regimen, the risk of VR was significantly increased for: raltegravir (adjusted OR (aOR), 45.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.5 - 462.1], p=0.001); NNRTIs (aOR, 24.8; 95% CI [2.7 - 228.4], p=0.005) and bPIs (aOR, 28.3; 95%CI [3.4 - 239.4], p=0.002) in PLWH with Av-Adh ≤95%. Among PLWH with &gt;95% Av-Adh, there were no significant differences on the risk of VR among the different ARV. Conclusion These findings support the concept that dolutegravir in combination with two other active ARVs achieves a greater virological suppression than older ARV, including raltegravir, NNRTI and bPI among PLWH with lower adherence.

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