Development of intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer after testicular cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew John Riggin ◽  
Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Cancer ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

177 Background: Men with a history of testicular cancer are known to have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) in epidemiologic studies. We hypothesized they may also have an increased risk of developing intermediate to high-risk PCa. Herein, we present a case-control study to assess the association of a history of testicular cancer and intermediate to high-risk PCa. Methods: We used the eighteen Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries to compare men with a history of testicular cancer to a control population of men with a history of melanoma. Melanoma was used as a control group because, to our knowledge, there is no association of melanoma and PCa. Men were excluded if they were not 60 years of age or older to allow for sufficient PCa diagnosis. PCa incidence was only counted if it occurred at least 5 years after the diagnosis of their primary cancer to allow for possible temporal effect of the primary malignancy. Incidence of total and intermediate to high-risk PCa(Gleason score ≥ 7) was compared using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess for associations of PCa (JMP 10, SAS Inc). Results: 119,781 men with melanoma and 10,365 men with testicular cancer were identified. The incidence of all PCa by age 80 was 2.7% in the control melanoma cohort and 12.3% in the case cohort of men with history of testicular cancer (p<0.0001 for KM survival curves). For intermediate/high-risk disease, the incidence was 1.1% versus 5.7% for each cohort respectively (p<0.0001 for KM survival curves). Testis cancer (versus the control melanoma cohort) was associated with an increased risk of all PCa (HR 4.7, p<0.0001) and intermediate/high-risk PCa (HR 5.5, p<0.0001). These associations persisted even when controlling for race. Conclusions: A history of testicular cancer is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing both PCa and intermediate/high risk PCa.

Increased risk of prostate cancer following sexually transmitted infection in an Asian population

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2663-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. CHUNG ◽  
Y. K. LIN ◽  
C. C. HUANG ◽  
H. C. LIN
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

SUMMARYThe relationship between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and prostate cancer (PC) remains inconclusive. Moreover, all such studies to date have been conducted in Western populations. This study aimed to investigate the risk of PC following STI using a population-based matched-cohort design in Taiwan. The study cohort comprised 1055 patients with STIs, and 10 550 randomly selected subjects were used as a comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the hazard ratio for PC during the 5-year follow-up period for patients with a STI was 1·95 (95% confidence interval 1·18–3·23), that of comparison subjects after adjusting for urbanization level, geographical region, monthly income, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, chronic prostatitis, history of vasectomy, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse. We concluded that the risk of PC was higher for men who were diagnosed with a STI in an Asian population.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal reproductive factors on prenatal screening rates in the first trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
P. M. Samchuk ◽  
A. I. Ishchenko ◽  
E. L. Azoeva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Effect of maternal factors on indicators of increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities (CA), pre-eclampsia (PE), Small-forGestational-Age Fetus (SGA fetus) and preterm labour and birth (PB) during prenatal screening has not been sufficiently studied. Aim. To study the effect of maternal reproductive factors on the risk indicators of CA, PE, SGA fetus and PB, assessed during prenatal screening using the Astraia Obstetrics module. Materials and methods. Of the 11,841 pregnant women who were prenatal screened, 18.53% of the patients had at high risk of the outcomes studied (frequency 1: 100 and above). The subgroup of isolated high risk for CA included 69, PE — 66, SGA fetus — 48, PB — 52 patients. From the group of patients with low risk, 208 patients were selected for the control group by the method of stratified randomization by age. Results. Among extragenital diseases, the most common in all high-risk subgroups were: hypertension (AH) I and II degree — 31–47% versus 4.8% of the control group (p < 0.05), varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLE) — 17–30% vs. 5.3% in the control group (p < 0.05), a history of ovarian tumor — 12–33% vs. 3% in the control group (p < 0.05). In the high-risk subgroups for the development of CA, PE and SGA fetus, fibroids uterus and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were more common compared to control: 10–41% vs. 1% (p < 0.05) and 10–17% vs. 3% (p < 0.05), respectively (p < 0.05). Primiparas with a history of pregnancy were more common in subgroups with a high risk of CA (33%) and PR (35%) versus 17% in controls. Conclusion. An association has been established between high risk for all the outcomes studied and AC, VVLE, history of ovarian tumor. High-risk subgroups for CA, PE and SGA fetus have a higher incidence of uterine fibroids and IDA compared to control.

THE RISK FACTORS OF MOLAR PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Lam Huong Le
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Health It ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Molar pregnancy is the gestational trophoblastic disease and impact on the women’s health. It has several complications such as toxicity, infection, bleeding. Molar pregnancy also has high risk of choriocarcinoma which can be dead. Aim: To assess the risks of molar pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The case control study included 76 molar pregnancies and 228 pregnancies in control group at Hue Central Hospital. Results: The average age was 32.7 ± 6.7, the miximum age was 17 years old and the maximum was 46 years old. The history of abortion, miscarriage in molar group and control group acounted for 10.5% and 3.9% respectively, with the risk was higher 2.8 times; 95% CI = 1.1-7.7 (p<0.05). The history of molar pregnancy in molar pregnancy group was 9.2% and the molar pregnancy risk was 11.4 times higher than control group (95% CI = 2.3-56.4). The women having ≥ 4 times births accounted for 7.9% in molar group and 2.2% in control group, with the risk was higher 3.8 times, 95% CI= 1.1-12.9 (p<0.05). The molar risk of women < 20 and >40 years old in molar groups had 2.4 times higher than (95% CI = 1.1 to 5.2)h than control group. Low living standard was 7.9% in molar group and 1.3% in the control group with OR= 6.2; 95% CI= 1.5-25.6. Curettage twice accounted for 87.5%, there were 16 case need to curettage three times. There was no case of uterine perforation and infection after curettage. Conclusion: The high risk molar pregnancy women need a better management. Pregnant women should be antenatal cared regularly to dectect early molar pregnancy. It is nessecery to monitor and avoid the dangerous complications occuring during the pregnancy. Key words: Molar pregnancy, pregnancy women

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Black Women with and without Breast Cancer: Cause for Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Griffith ◽  
Seon Yoon Chung ◽  
Shijun Zhu ◽  
Alice S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
History Of

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>After chemotherapy for breast cancer, Black women gain more weight and have an increased mortality rate compared with White women. Our study objective was to compare biomarkers associated with obesity in Black women with and without a history of breast cancer.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Case-control</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Setting: </strong>Academic/federal institution</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>Black women with a history of breast cancer (cases) and age-matched controls.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipids in overweight and obese Black women with a history of breast cancer (n=19), age similar controls (n=25), and older controls (n=32). Groups did not differ on mean body mass index (BMI), which was 35.4 kg/m2, 36.0 kg/m2, and 33.0 kg/m2, respectively.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>Insulin resis­tance (HOMA-IR); inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, CRP); lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides).</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>Cases had 1.6 and 1.38 times higher HOMA-IR values compared with age similar and older controls, respectively (P≤.001 for both). TNF-α and IL-1b were significantly higher in cases compared with both control groups (P&lt;.001 for both). IL-6 was also higher in cases compared with age-similar controls (P=.007), and IL-8 was lower in cases compared with older controls (P&lt;.05). Lipids did not differ between cases and either control group.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Black women with breast cancer were significantly more insulin resis­tant with increased inflammation compared not only with age similar controls but with women who were, on average, a decade older. These biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence and require ongoing evaluation, especially given the relatively abnormal findings com­pared with the controls in this underserved group. <em></em></p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(4):513-520; doi:10.18865/ed.26.4.513</p>

scholarly journals Prostate cancer screening characteristics in men with BRCA1/2 mutations attending a high-risk prevention clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Walker ◽  
Alyssa Louis ◽  
Alejandro Berlin ◽  
Sheri Horsburgh ◽  
Robert G. Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Brca2 Mutation ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Clinic

Introduction: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era and resultant early detection of prostate cancer has presented clinicians with the challenge of distinguishing indolent from aggressive tumours. Mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes have been associated with prostate cancer risk and prognosis. We describe the prostate cancer screening characteristics of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, who may be classified as genetically-defined high risk, as compared to another high-risk cohort of men with a family history of prostate cancer to evaluate the utility of a targeted screening approach for these men.Methods: We reviewed patient demographics, clinical screening characteristics, pathological features, and treatment outcomes between a group of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and age-matched men with a family history of prostate cancer followed at our institutional Prostate Cancer Prevention Clinic from 1995 to 2012.Results: Screening characteristics were similar between the mutation carriers (n = 53) and the family history group (n = 53). Some cancers would be missed in both groups by using a PSA cut-off of >4 ug/L. While cancer detection was higher in the family history group (21% vs. 15%), the mutation carrier group was more likely to have intermediate- or high-risk disease (88% vs. 36%). BRCA2 mutation carriers were more likely to have aggressive disease, biological recurrence, and distant metastasis.Conclusions: In our cohort, regular screening appears justified for detecting prostate cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and other high-risk populations. Lowering PSA cut-offs and defining monitoring of PSA velocity as part of the screening protocol may be useful. BRCA2 is associated with more aggressive disease, while the outcome for BRCA1 mutation carriers requires further study. Large multinational studies will be important to define screening techniques for this unique high-risk population.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of pregnansy and childbirth in patients with a burdened gynecological anamnesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
T. P. Andriichuk ◽  
A. Ya. Senchuk ◽  
V. I. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

The objective: to study the features of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period, fetal status and newborns in patients with a history of chronic salpingo-оophoritis.Materials and methods. Conducted a retrospective study of 150 birth histories and neonatal development maps. All patients were divided into two groups. The main group includes 100 patients with chronic salpingo-оophoritis, for which they received anti-inflammatory treatment from 1 to 3 times before pregnancy. The control group included 50 pregnant women who did not suffer from chronic salpingo-оophoritis.Results. Our analysis of pregnancy, childbirth, fetal and neonatal status in women with chronic salpingo-оophoritis indicates that such patients have a complicated obstetric and gynecological and somatic history, which forms an unfavorable basic condition of organs and systems, imperfect adaptation to pregnancy, high risk of failure of adaptive reactions. The result is a violation of the formation and development of the mother-placenta-fetus system and, as a consequence, a high level of complications during pregnancy, childbirth and perinatal pathology.Conclusion. Patients suffering from chronic salpingo-oophoritis should be considered at high risk of possible complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This category of women needs quality preconception training and careful monitoring during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Combined Androgen Blockade in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiation Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504
Author(s):  
Lucas K. Vitzthum ◽  
Chris Straka ◽  
Reith R. Sarkar ◽  
Rana McKay ◽  
J. Michael Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combined Androgen Blockade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Androgen Blockade

Background: The addition of androgen deprivation therapy to radiation therapy (RT) improves survival in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but it is not known whether combined androgen blockade (CAB) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) and a nonsteroidal antiandrogen improves survival over GnRH-A monotherapy. Methods: This study evaluated patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa diagnosed in 2001 through 2015 who underwent RT with either GnRH-A alone or CAB using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Associations between CAB and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) and overall survival (OS) were determined using multivariable regression with Fine-Gray and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. For a positive control, the effect of long-term versus short-term GnRH-A therapy was tested. Results: The cohort included 8,423 men (GnRH-A, 4,529; CAB, 3,894) with a median follow-up of 5.9 years. There were 1,861 deaths, including 349 resulting from PCa. The unadjusted cumulative incidences of PCSM at 10 years were 5.9% and 6.9% for those receiving GnRH-A and CAB, respectively (P=.16). Compared with GnRH-A alone, CAB was not associated with a significant difference in covariate-adjusted PCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85–1.30) or OS (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93–1.12). For high-risk patients, long-term versus short-term GnRH-A therapy was associated with improved PCSM (SHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95) and OS (SHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73–0.93). Conclusions: In men receiving definitive RT for intermediate- or high-risk PCa, CAB was not associated with improved PCSM or OS compared with GnRH alone.

The Genes and Genetics of Malignant Melanoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gibbs ◽  
Benjamin M. R. Brady ◽  
William A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Molecular Defect ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

Background: Population-based studies have identified several clinical variables associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma that include phenotype, amount of and response to sun exposure, and family history. However, these observations are of limited relevance to clinical practice as the risk associated with each factor is individually modest and the characteristics of these variables lack precision when applied to a particular individual. Objective: To review the literature regarding recent advances made in the understanding of the genes and genetics of clinical variables associated with an increased risk of melanoma. Conclusion: Variants of the MC1R (melanocortin-1 receptor) have been identified as major determinants of high-risk phenotypes, such as red hair and pale skin, and the ability to tan in response to UV exposure. Several studies also suggest that such variants may increase melanoma risk independent of their contribution to phenotype. A strong genetic basis for both nevus density and size has been demonstrated and the link between nevi and the development of MM has become better defined. Finally, germline defects in several genes involved in cell cycle regulation, namely, p16 and CDK4, have been demonstrated in many familial melanoma kindreds. This progress has introduced the prospect of genetic testing as a means of identifying a limited number of high-risk individuals who can be targeted with regular screening and education regarding UV exposure and skin self-examination. Ultimately, through rational genetic therapy targeted to correcting the underlying molecular defect, altering the natural history of melanoma development may be possible.

Abstract 18516: Regional Dysfunction of Left Atrial Appendage and its Association with Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah A Alissa ◽  
Yuko Inoue ◽  
Jochen Cammin ◽  
Qiulin Tang ◽  
Elliot Fishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Dysfunction

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of cardioembolic stroke. Previous studies demonstrate that the Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common site of intracardiac thrombus, and the LAA morphology alone may determine the risk of stroke. We aimed to determine the association between LAA regional dysfunction using novel, noninvasive, image-based motion-estimation CT (iME) and prior history of stroke in patients with AF. Methods: Among the patients with history of AF referred for ablation who underwent pre-ablation CT with retrospective ECG gating, we identified 18 patients with a prior history of stroke or TIA, and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. The patients in AF at the time of CT were excluded. Four-dimensional motion vector field was estimated from reconstructed CT images using iME at every 5% RR interval. To assess myocardial deformation, area change ratio and area change rate were calculated over the endocardial surface of the LA and LAA. Univariate and multivariate comparisons were made by using binary logistic regression model. Results: A total of 36 patients (mean age 67.6 ± 8.1 years, 66.7% male, 16.7% persistent AF) were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that the LA pre-atrial contraction area change ratio and LAA maximum area change ratio were significantly lower (P= 0.02 and 0.04, respectively) in the stroke/TIA group compared to the control group. These changes remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis (P=0.03 and 0.04, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, LV ejection fraction, type of AF, and CHADS score. Conclusions: LAA regional dysfunction is associated with stroke/TIA in patients with AF. LAA regional dysfunction detected by iME could represent a marker for stroke and a possible therapeutic target.

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