scholarly journals Future of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States Forecast Through 2030

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15) ◽  
pp. 1787-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Petrick ◽  
Scott P. Kelly ◽  
Sean F. Altekruse ◽  
Katherine A. McGlynn ◽  
Philip S. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Registry Database

Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates have been increasing in the United States for the past 35 years. Because HCC has a poor prognosis, quantitative forecasts could help to inform prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the incidence and burden of HCC. Methods Single-year HCC incident case and population data for the years 2000 to 2012 and ages 35 to 84 years were obtained from the SEER 18 Registry Database. We forecast incident HCC cases through 2030, using novel age-period-cohort models and stratifying by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Rates are presented because absolute numbers may be influenced by population increases. Results Rates of HCC increased with each successive birth cohort through 1959. However, rates began to decrease with the 1960 to 1969 birth cohorts. Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) have had the highest HCC rates in the United States for many years, but the rates have stabilized and begun to decline in recent years. Between 2013 and 2030, rates among APIs are forecast to decline further, with estimated annual percentage changes of −1.59% among men and −2.20% among women. Thus, by 2030, Asians are forecast to have the lowest incidence rates among men, and Hispanics are forecast to have the highest rates among men (age-standardized rate, 44.2). Blacks are forecast to have the highest rate among women (age-standardized rate, 12.82). Conclusion Although liver cancer has long had some of the most rapidly increasing incidence rates, the decreasing rates seen among APIs, individuals younger than 65 years, and cohorts born after 1960 suggest that there will be declines in incidence of HCC in future years. Prevention efforts should be focused on individuals in the 1950 to 1959 birth cohorts, Hispanics, and blacks.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Lost Earnings From Cancer Deaths in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Kimberly D Miller ◽  
Farhad Islami ◽  
Zhiyuan Zheng ◽  
Xuesong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Little is known about disparities in economic burden due to premature cancer deaths by race or ethnicity in the United States. This study aimed to compare person-years of life lost (PYLLs) and lost earnings due to premature cancer deaths by race/ethnicity. Methods PYLLs were calculated using recent national cancer death and life expectancy data. PYLLs were combined with annual median earnings to generate lost earnings. We compared PYLLs and lost earnings among individuals who died at age 16-84 years due to cancer by racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, NH Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic). Results In 2015, PYLLs due to all premature cancer deaths were 6 512 810 for NH Whites, 1 196 709 for NH Blacks, 279 721 for NH Asian or Pacific Islanders, and 665 968 for Hispanics, translating to age-standardized lost earning rates (per 100 000 person-years) of $34.9 million, $43.5 million, $22.2 million, and $24.5 million, respectively. NH Blacks had higher age-standardized PYLL and lost earning rates than NH Whites for 13 of 19 selected cancer sites. If age-specific PYLL and lost earning rates for NH Blacks were the same as those of NH Whites, 241 334 PYLLs and $3.2 billion lost earnings (22.6% of the total lost earnings among NH Blacks) would have been avoided. Disparities were also observed for average PYLLs and lost earnings per cancer death for all cancers combined and 18 of 19 cancer sites. Conclusions Improving equal access to effective cancer prevention, screening, and treatment will be important in reducing the disproportional economic burden associated with racial/ethnic disparities.

Incidence of testicular cancer in the United States from 1992 to 2009.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 339-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Nigam ◽  
Brisa Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽  
Sergey Shikanov ◽  
Scott E. Eggener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic Men ◽  
Tumor Characteristic ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

339 Background: The incidence of testicular cancer (TC) increased in the US through 2003. However, little is known about these trends after 2003. We sought to determine trends in TC incidence based on race, ethnicity and tumor characteristics. Methods: TC incidence and tumor characteristic data from 1992-2009 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-13 (SEER) registry. Trends were determined using JoinPoint. Results: TC incidence in the US increased from 1992 (5.7/100,000) to 2009 (6.8/100,000) with annual percentage change (APC) of 1.1% (p < 0.001). TC rates were highest in non-Hispanic white men (1992: 7.5/100,000; 2009: 8.6/1000) followed by Hispanic men (1992: 4.0/100,000; 2009: 6.3/100,000) and lowest among non-Hispanic black men (1992: 0.7/100,000; 2009: 1.7/100,000). Significantly increasing incidence rates were observed in non-Hispanic white men (1.2%, p < 0.001) but most prominently among Hispanics, especially from 2002-2009 (5.6%, p < 0.01). A significant increase was observed for localized TC (1.21%, p < 0.001) and metastatic TC (1.43%, p < 0.01). Increased incidence occurred in localized tumors for non-Hispanic white men (1.56%, p <0.001), while Hispanic men experienced an increase in localized (2.6%, p < 0.001), regionalized (16.5% from 2002-09, p < 0.01), and distant (2.6%, p < 0.01) disease. Conclusions: Through 2009, testicular cancer incidence continues to increase in the United States, most notably among Hispanic men. [Table: see text]

Racial disparities in the presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma in the population 65+ years in the United States.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
Michael Ross Kaufman ◽  
David J. Delgado ◽  
Stephanie Costa ◽  
Brandon George ◽  
Edith P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Ajcc Stage ◽  
Asian Pacific Islanders ◽  
Asian Pacific

249 Background: Insufficient evidence exists regarding the presentation and management of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to describe racial differences in cancer staging of elderly (65+) patients with HCC diagnosed in the United States. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 1973-2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnosed between 2004 and 2014, and with complete information on race, gender, year of diagnosis, age, marital status, region and stage at diagnosis (Derived SEER Summary Stage 2000, and Derived American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage Group, 6th Edition) were included. Descriptive statistics were used to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables with race. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were preformed to describe the association of race with the diagnosis of late stage HCC (Regional/Distant vs Localized Stage for SEER Summary Stage, and Stage III/IV vs Stage I/II for AJCC Stage Group). Results: The sample consisted of 19,902 HCC patients: 69.7% White, 9.2% Black, 20.2% API, 1.0% AI; 69.1% male; 45.1% diagnosed in 2004-2009; 56.2% age 65-74, 35.6% 75-84, and 8.2% 85 and older; 58.3% married; 7.4% Midwest, 12.4% Northeast, 17.0% Southeast, 63.2% Pacific West; 44.9% Regional/Distant Stage (SEER Summary Stage) and 41.2% Stage III/IV (AJCC Stage Group). After controlling for confounding variables, Asian/Pacific Islanders had a decreased odds of presenting with late stage disease relative to whites in both the SEER Summary Stage (OR: 0.867, CI:0.805-0.934) and AJCC Stage Group (OR: 0.904, CI:0.838-0.975). Conclusions: Racial disparities exist at the presentation of HCC in the 65+ population. Asian/Pacific Islanders are less likely to be diagnosed with late stage HCC compared to whites. There is a need to study further these relationships in subpopulations.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates in Texas Counties 1995–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Salas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

As of 2014, Texas has the 6th highest incidence rate and the 5th highest mortality rate of cervical cancer in the nation. In addition, Texas ranks 3rd to last in the United States in human papilloma (HPV) vaccinations, which helps prevent one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer incidence rates in Texas remain high, despite it becoming one the most successfully preventable treatable cancers in the United States due to a combination of screenings and HPV vaccinations. Furthermore, spatial distribution of cervical cancer is unknown among Texas counties. This study will follow the political ecology model to elaborate on the political, historical, social, and economic factors that may explain why HPV vaccinations are low and the incidence rate remains high despite the interventions available to people in Texas. This study will examine the geography of cervical cancer in Texas counties from 1995 - 2015 as well as its relationship with religious adherence, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and uninsured rates. I will use a bivariate correlation to relate these factors with cancer incidence rates and ArcMap to create maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of these diseases. The data will be obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry, Texas County Health Rankings 2018, and the Association of Religion Data (CDC) Archives (ARDA). I expect that cervical cancer rates will decline after the introduction of the HPV vaccine in 2007, but areas with higher religious adherence will have higher rates of cervical cancer. In addition, I expect that uninsured rates, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors could possibly impact cervical cancer incidence rates.

scholarly journals Trends in the Incidence of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in All 50 United States Examined Through an Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson L da Costa ◽  
Abiodun O Oluyomi ◽  
Aaron P Thrift
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Incidence Trends

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in the United States. We aimed to investigate trends in incidence rates from all 50 states from 2001 to 2016, overall and by race, sex, and state and using age-period-cohort analyses. Methods Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends in adults aged 35 years and older were calculated using data from the US Cancer Statistics registry. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent changes. We also analyzed incidence trends by age groups and birth cohorts through age-period-cohort modeling. Results Age-standardized incidence rates increased by 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92% to 1.54%) annually between 2001 and 2008 but were stable between 2008 and 2016 (APC = 0.11%, 95% CI = -0.13% to 0.35%). APCs and inflection points were no different for men and women. Rates increased statistically significantly among non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks between 2001 and 2007 and between 2001 and 2008, respectively, but, in later years, rates increased slowly among NHWs (APC = 0.36%, 95% CI = 0.12% to 0.60%), and were stable among non-Hispanic blacks (APC = -0.40%, 95% CI = -0.89% to 0.10%). The number of states with age-standardized incidence rates no less than 20.4 per 100 000 increased from 16 in 2001–2003 to 40 by 2015–2016. We found a strong birth cohort effect in both men and women and increasing rates among successive birth cohorts of NHWs. Conclusions The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has consistently increased in the United States, albeit at slower rates recently. We observed notable increases among NHWs and in some states in the central and southern part of the country.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Hamann ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
Brandon Butcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pedestrian Injuries

Abstract Background Racial/ethnic disparity has been documented in a wide variety of health outcomes, and environmental components are contributors. For example, food deserts have been tied to obesity rates. Pedestrian injuries are strongly tied to environmental factors, yet no studies have examined racial disparity in pedestrian injury rates. We examine a nationally-representative sample of pedestrian-related hospitalizations in the United States to identify differences in incidence, severity, and cost by race/ethnicity. Methods Patients with ICD diagnosis E-codes for pedestrian injuries were drawn from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009–2016). Rates were calculated using the United States Census. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression were used to examine characteristics (age, sex, severity of illness, mortality rates, hospital admissions, length of stay, total costs) associated with hospitalizations for pedestrian injuries. Results The annual average of pedestrian-related deaths exceeded 5000 per year and hospitalizations exceeded 47,000 admissions per year. The burden of injury from pedestrian-related hospitalizations was higher among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other groups in terms of admission rates, costs per capita, proportion of children injured, and length of stay compared to Whites and Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicities. Compared to Whites, hospital admission rates were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89–1.94) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19–1.21) times higher for Multiracial/Other and Blacks, respectively. Costs per capita ($USD) were $6.30, $4.14, and $3.22 for Multiracial/Others, Blacks, and Hispanics, compared to $2.88 and $2.32 for Whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Proportion of lengths of stay exceeding one week were larger for Blacks (26.4%), Hispanics (22.6%), Asian or Pacific Islanders (23.1%), and Multiracial/Other (24.1%), compared to Whites (18.6%). Extreme and major loss of function proportions were also highest among Black (34.5%) and lowest among Whites (30.2%). Conclusions Results from this study show racial disparities in pedestrian injury hospitalization rates and outcomes, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other race/ethnicity groups and support population and system-level approaches to prevention. Access to transportation is an indicator for health disparity, and these results indicate that access to safe transportation also shows inequity by race/ethnicity.

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