Racial and sex disparities in changing trends of squamous cell cancer of the anus (SSCA).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 520-520
Author(s):  
Arjun Gupta ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Alana Christie ◽  
Jeffrey John Meyer ◽  
Saad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Sex Disparities

520 Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SSCA) is one of only few cancers with rising incidence in the United States (US). This is believed to represent changing epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We explored the racial and sex disparities in the rising incidence of SSC. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify subjects with SCCA from 2000-2012. Age-standardized incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 for 2000-2012 time period were generated in Rate Session in SEER for white males (WM), white females (WF), black males (BM) and black females (BF). The 2000 US standard population was used for age standardization. The trend of change of IR between groups was compared by testing the interaction between time and group in the linear regression model. SAS 9.4 was used for analysis Results: Among 11,739 new cases of SSCA racial and sex distribution of cases was WM:32%, WF:54%, BM:5.4%, BF:5.4%. Median overall survival (OS) was WM:101 months (m), WF:139 m, BM: 71 m, BF 103 m (p < 0.005). The IR had the highest rate of increase for WF and BM (0.06/100,000 cases annually) while rates for BF and WM increased by 0.04 and 0.02/100,000 cases annually respectively. The overall test for difference in trend among WF, WM, BF and BM groups had a p-value of 0.0099. Conclusions: The rate of increase of SSCA IR is highest for WF and BM. Additionally WF have the highest age standardized incidence of SCCA as well as the highest OS compared to other groups. These data support disparities in epidemiology and survival of anal cancer.

Incidence rates for anal cancer in the United States: 1980-2009.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 357-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Eberly ◽  
Charles Wiggins ◽  
Itzhak Nir ◽  
Katherine T. Morris ◽  
John C. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Seer Program ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
The U.S

357 Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, but results in significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the trends of anal SCC in the U.S. between 1980-2009. Methods: Subjects were identified from records in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The study included incident malignant squamous cell cancer of the anus, anal canal, and anorectum diagnosed among nine core areas of the SEER program from 1980-2009. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method with the U.S. 2000 standard population. 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Tiwari adjustment. Temporal trends were assessed by joinpoint regression. Results: Incidence rates of anal cancer in the U.S. more than doubled during this period. A linear increase in anal cancer incidence rates was observed with an Annual Percent Change (APC) of 4.6 (p<0.01) for all races and both sexes-combined. Incidence rates were consistently greater for women than men, however, the increase in incidence rates was greater for men (APC=5.4, p<0.01) than for women (APC=4.3, p<0.01). Similar trends were seen for whites and blacks. Conclusions: Anal cancer is a relatively rare disease, yet incidence rates increased dramatically in the U.S. over the last three decades. Correlation of this increased incidence with HPV infection remains to be determined. [Table: see text]

Suicide in the Medical Patient

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. MacKenzie ◽  
Michael K. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
The Relationship

According to the statistical abstract of the United States for 1982–1983, there were 1,913,800 deaths in the United States in 1979 [1]. Twenty-seven thousand, or 1.4 percent of those deaths were by suicide, yielding a suicide rate of 11.9/100,000/year. The rate was highest (39.2/100,000) for white males sixty-five years and over and lowest (0.1/100,000) for black females between five and fourteen years. It is generally accepted that physical illness is a risk factor for suicide. If this is true, then in caring for persons with significant physical illness, physicians are dealing with a population at increased risk of suicide. In its opening section, this article will review the evidence that points to a positive correlation between suicide and physical illness. Next the association between specific illnesses, such as peptic ulcer and cancer, and suicide will be examined. Third, risk factors associated with the occurrence of suicide in medical-surgical hospitals will be reviewed. Fourth, the occurrence of suicide in relationship to medical procedures will be discussed. Fifth, the evaluation and management of suicidal patients in medical settings will be briefly considered. This review will not consider the relationship between physical illness and attempted suicide.

scholarly journals Investigating epidemiologic trends and the geographic distribution of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma throughout Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cattelan ◽  
F. M. Ghazawi ◽  
M. Le ◽  
E. Savin ◽  
A. Zubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background Anal cancer is a rare disease, constituting 0.5% of new cancer cases in the United States. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (scc). Studies in several developed nations have reported on an increasing incidence of anal cancer in recent decades, and various risk factors pertaining to the pathogenesis of the disease have been identified, including infection with the human papillomavirus, tobacco use, and immunosuppression. The epidemiology and distribution of anal scc throughout Canada remain poorly understood, however. Methods Using 3 population-based cancer registries, a retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada for 1992–2010 was performed. The incidence and mortality for anal scc was examined at the levels of provinces, cities, and the forward  sortation area (FSA) component (first 3 characters) of postal codes. Results During 1992–2010, 3720 individuals were diagnosed with anal scc in Canada; 64% were women. The overall national incidence rate was 6.3 cases per million population per year, with an average age at diagnosis of 60.4 years. The incidence increased over time, with significantly higher incidence rates documented in British Columbia and Nova Scotia (9.3 cases per million population each). Closer examination revealed clustering of cases in various urban centres and self-identified lgbtq communities in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Discussion This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the burden of anal scc in Canada, identifying susceptible populations and shedding light onto novel avenues of research to lower the incidence of anal cancer throughout the country.

scholarly journals Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke: A Review Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Jahirul Hoque Choudhury ◽  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Nayeem ◽  
Waseka Akter Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Stroke is the most important cause of morbidity and longterm disability in Europe as well as in other industrialized nations. Prevalence rate was higher among men compared with women 3.44 and 2.41 per 1000 respectively. Data from the Northern Manhattan study showed the age adjusted incidence of first ischemic stroke per 100,000 was 88 in Whites 191 in Blacks and 149 in Hispanics. Black has almost thrice the risk of first ever stroke compared with Whites. The age adjustment stroke incidence rates for first ever stroke are 167 for White males, 138 for White females, 323 for Black males and 260 for Black females. Among American-Indian age 65-74, the annual rates per 1,000 population of new and recurrent stoke are 6.1 for men and 6.6 for women. Stroke accounted for about one of every 15 deaths in the United State in 2003. About 50 percent of these deaths occurred out of hospital. On average, about every three minutes someone dies of a stroke. In this review the modifiable and non-modifiable risks factors are discussed.J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh 2015;1(1):22-26

scholarly journals Rising population of survivors of oral squamous cell cancer in the United States

Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira A. Patel ◽  
Amanda L. Blackford ◽  
Eleni M. Rettig ◽  
Jeremy D. Richmon ◽  
David W. Eisele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Cancer ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Cancer

scholarly journals Effects of climate changes and road exposure on the rapidly rising legionellosis incidence rates in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250364
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Han
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rising Incidence

Legionellosis is an infection acquired through inhalation of aerosols that are contaminated with environmental bacteria Legionella spp. The bacteria require warm temperature for proliferation in bodies of water and moist soil. The legionellosis incidence in the United States has been rising rapidly in the past two decades without a clear explanation. In the meantime, the US has recorded consecutive years of above-norm temperature since 1997 and precipitation surplus since 2008. The present study analyzed the legionellosis incidence in the US during the 20-year period of 1999 to 2018 and correlated with concurrent temperature, precipitation, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vehicle mileage data. The age-adjusted legionellosis incidence rates rose exponentially from 0.40/100,000 in 1999 (with 1108 cases) to 2.69/100,000 in 2018 (with 9933 cases) at a calculated annual increase of 110%. In regression analyses, the rise correlated with an increase in vehicle miles driven and with temperature and precipitation levels that have been above the 1901–2000 mean since 1997 and 2008, respectively, suggesting more road exposure to traffic-generated aerosols and promotive effects of anomalous climate. Remarkably, the regressions with cumulative anomalies of temperature and precipitation were robust (R2 ≥ 0.9145, P ≤ 4.7E-11), implying possible changes to microbial ecology in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. An interactive synergy between annual precipitation and vehicle miles was also found in multiple regressions. Meanwhile, the bactericidal UVB radiation has been decreasing, which also contributed to the rising incidence in an inverse correlation. The 2018 legionellosis incidence peak corresponded to cumulative effects of the climate anomalies, vast vehicle miles (3,240 billion miles, 15904 km per capita), record high precipitation (880.1 mm), near record low UVB radiation (7488 kJ/m2), and continued above-norm temperature (11.96°C). These effects were examined and demonstrated in California, Florida, New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin, states that represent diverse incidence rates and climates. The incidence and above-norm temperature both rose most in cold Wisconsin. These results suggest that warming temperature and precipitation surplus have likely elevated the density of Legionella bacteria in the environment, and together with road exposure explain the rapidly rising incidence of legionellosis in the United States. These trends are expected to continue, warranting further research and efforts to prevent infection.

scholarly journals Higher COVID-19 vaccination rates are linked to decreased county-level COVID-19 incidence across USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Puranik ◽  
AJ Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Colin Pawlowski ◽  
Bharathwaj Raghunathan ◽  
Eshwan Ramudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
County Level ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Impact

Real world evidence studies of mass vaccination across health systems have reaffirmed the safety1 and efficacy2,3 of the FDA-authorized mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. However, the impact of vaccination on community transmission remains to be characterized. Here, we compare the cumulative county-level vaccination rates with the corresponding COVID-19 incidence rates among 87 million individuals from 580 counties in the United States, including 12 million individuals who have received at least one vaccine dose. We find that cumulative county-level vaccination rate through March 1, 2021 is significantly associated with a concomitant decline in COVID-19 incidence (Spearman correlation ρ = −0.22, p-value = 8.3e-8), with stronger negative correlations in the Midwestern counties (ρ = −0.37, p-value = 1.3e-7) and Southern counties (ρ = −0.33, p-value = 4.5e-5) studied. Additionally, all examined US regions demonstrate significant negative correlations between cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate prior to the vaccine rollout and the decline in the COVID-19 incidence rate between December 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021, with the US western region being particularly striking (ρ = −0.66, p-value = 5.3e-37). However, the cumulative vaccination rate and cumulative incidence rate are noted to be statistically independent variables, emphasizing the need to continue the ongoing vaccination roll out at scale. Given confounders such as different coronavirus restrictions and mask mandates, varying population densities, and distinct levels of diagnostic testing and vaccine availabilities across US counties, we are advancing a public health resource to amplify transparency in vaccine efficacy monitoring (https://public.nferx.com/covid-monitor-lab/vaccinationcheck). Application of this resource highlights outliers like Dimmit county (Texas), where infection rates have increased significantly despite higher vaccination rates, ostensibly owing to amplified travel as a “vaccination hub”; as well as Henry county (Ohio) which encountered shipping delays leading to postponement of the vaccine clinics. This study underscores the importance of tying the ongoing vaccine rollout to a real-time monitor of spatio-temporal vaccine efficacy to help turn the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rising incidence of glioblastoma and meningioma in the United States: Projections through 2050.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2065-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Richard Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Seer Data ◽  
Rising Incidence

2065 Background: In the absence of proven environmental or behavioral risk factors, patient age and sex remain the most important predictors of primary brain tumor risk. In coming years, an increasing incidence of brain tumors in the United States can be anticipated based on shifts in the demographic structure of the population. This study provides estimates of glioblastoma and meningioma incidence through 2050. Methods: Group-specific glioblastoma and meningioma incidence rates based on age (eleven categories) and sex were calculated from National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data for the period 2004-2008. United States Census projections based on data from the 2000 census were used to compute the size of the twenty-two demographic subpopulations of interest in 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050. The estimated number of new glioblastoma and meningioma diagnoses for each of these years was calculated from the defined incidence rates and population size. Results: Crude annual tumor incidence rates were 3.13 per 100,000 persons for glioblastoma and 6.81 per 100,000 persons for meningioma. While the overall size of the population is expected to increase only 42% between 2010 and 2050, the number of Americans over 65 years of age, the group at highest risk of glioblastoma and meningioma, is expected to increase by 120%. We estimate that the number of new glioblastoma diagnoses will rise from 10,688 in 2010 to 18,466 in 2050, a 72% increase. Likewise, the number of new meningioma diagnoses will rise from 22,946 to 40,680 over the same period, a 77% increase. Conclusions: The number of new glioblastoma and meningioma diagnoses will increase substantially in the future. This analysis, which assumes a fixed incidence rate, may underestimate the true magnitude of the coming change given reports suggesting that incidence rates of glioblastoma and meningioma are rising over time.

Abstract P062: Trends And Disparities In Diabetes Among Adults In The United States, 1999-2018

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiu Liu ◽  
Stella S Yi ◽  
Rienna Russo ◽  
Victoria Mayer ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Diabetes (DM) increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and the risk of severe complications/death among patients with COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the trends of DM over time among adults in the US. Hypothesis: We anticipated an increase in DM and persistent disparities by racial/ethnic and socioecnomic subgroups from 1999 to 2018. Methods: Data were from a nationally representative sample of US adults (≥20 years; NHANES 1999-2018). Diagnosed DM was defined as a self-reported previous diagnosis of DM by a physician or any other health professionals (other than during pregnancy). Undiagnosed DM was defined as elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG≥126 mg/dL) or HbA1c (≥6.5%). Total DM included those who had either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as no DM but a HbA1c level of 5.7% - 6.4% or an FPG level of 100 mg/dL-125 mg/dL. All estimates were age-standardized to the 2010 US census population for age groups 20-44, 45-64, and 65+ years. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate a P-value for trend. Results: Our sample included 53,533 US adults. From 1999 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of total DM increased significantly from 9.05% (95% CI, 7.80%-10.2%) to 13.9% (95% CI, 12.5%-15.4%) and the prevalence of prediabetes increased from 22.5% (20%-25.2%) to 40.2% (37.4%-43.1%) (P-trends<0.001). The rate of increase in prevalence was higher among Mexican Americans but lower among non-Hispanic black individuals compared to non-Hispanic white individuals (all P-trends<0.01, P-interaction=0.003). Trends in total DM by education and income levels were similar to the overall trend but disparities persisted between low- and high-socioeconomic groups (all P-trends<0.001, P-interaction>0.05) ( Figure 1 ). Conclusions: The prevalence of DM increased significantly from 1999 to 2018 among US adults. There are substantial and persistent disparities between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups.

National Healthcare Utilization Trends for Deep Vein Thrombosis in the United States.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3183-3183
Author(s):  
Prabhu Viswanathan ◽  
Upasna Goswami ◽  
Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Abstract 3183 Poster Board III-120 Background Over the past 15 years, increased awareness and advances in management such as the widespread adoption of low molecular weight heparins and new anticoagulants have had a dramatic impact on practice; there are no large scale studies to determine the impact of these changes on the health care utilization and outcomes of DVT. We examined national statistics of the trends in hospital utilization for Deep Vein Thrombosis in the United States. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is one in a family of databases and software tools developed as part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. For 2007 NIS contains all discharge data from 1,044 hospitals located in 40 States, approximating a 20-percent stratified sample of U.S. community hospitals. We examined trends for hospital utilization available through the NIS dataset. All descriptive statistics have been reported for DVT as ‘primary discharge diagnosis’ as well as ‘All discharge diagnoses’. Presence of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 453.0-453.9 were used to define DVT related hospitalizations. Results From 1993 to 2007 the number of annual diagnosis of DVT as one of “All Diagnoses' of DVT annually increased from 224,739 to 526,105 while the number of DVT as ‘Principal Diagnosis’ increased from 110,445 to 146,612. The average length of hospital stay has decreased from 7.6 days to 5 days (p-value <0.01). The average annual proportion of in-hospital deaths from DVT decreased during his period from 1.6% vs. 0.8% (p-value <0.01). FIG 1 For DVT as one of all diagnoses, the trends show a polynomial upward trend and the rate of increase is increasing every year (p value using T Test: 0.007). For annual number of discharges with DVT as primary diagnosis, there is a polynomial upward trend, with an index less than 1 and the curve is flattening out and the rate of increase is decreasing year over year (p value using T Test=0.0028). These findings suggest that the increase in DVT as primary diagnosis is not keeping pace with rapid increase in DVT as one of all diagnosis. For DVT as primary diagnosis, mortality rate was 1.6% and 0.3% respectively among those who underwent a procedure vs. those who did not undergo a procedure. Mortality for DVT as one of all diagnoses was 8.9% and 3.3% respectively among those who underwent a procedure vs. those did not undergo a procedure. Notably, a death in patients with DVT as one of all diagnosis was attributed to a variety of diagnoses, such as malignancies, infections and complications of implantation device. Rate of postoperative pulmonary embolism or thrombosis per 1000 surgical patients age 18 and over as a marker of Hospital-level Patient Safety Indicators age 18 and over adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities and DRG clusters, has increased from 6.3 in 1994 to 11.2 in 2006 FIG 2. From 1997 to 2006, the proportion of male patients increased from 43.1% to 45% while female patients decreased from 57% to 54.9%. (p-value <0.01) For the year 2007, with DVT as the primary or one of all diagnoses, OR procedures on vessels other than head and neck is the main principal procedure. DVT of extremities as primary diagnosis is associated with hypertension and hyperlipidemia as most important secondary diagnoses and for all DVT of the extremities as secondary diagnosis the most common primary diagnosis is pulmonary heart disease. Conclusions Survival for patients with DVT has improved and patients are likely to be discharged from acute care hospital earlier. We speculate that this could be the result of improved diagnosis and management including the use of low molecular weight heparins. Some of the changes in annual incidence may be attributed to earlier diagnosis and changes in ICD coding. However, the sustained increase in annual incidences of DVT as a secondary diagnosis and that of postoperative pulmonary embolism and thrombosis is a cause for concern and should prompt a review of strategies to prevent DVT among sick hospitalized patients. These data are subject to the well known limitations of administrative datasets, and underscore the need for large scale prospective study of the factors contributing to health care utilization and outcomes of DVT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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