The relationship between systemic inflammation and postoperative outcomes following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 682-682
Author(s):  
Stephen Thomas McSorley ◽  
Bo Khor ◽  
Paul G. Horgan ◽  
Donald C McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

682 Background: The magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response before and after surgery for rectal cancer is increasingly understood to have an impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on pre- and postoperative systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: Data was recorded prospectively for patients who underwent elective, potentially curative surgery for rectal cancer, from 2008 to 2015 at a single centre, n = 251. Patients had routine pre- and postoperative blood sampling. Results: Of the 251 patients, the majority were male (62%) and over 65 years old (57%) with node negative disease (66%). 85 patients (33%) were allocated to preoperative nCRT based on probable margin threatening disease at preoperative MRI. nCRT was significantly associated with a higher proportion of patients having neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 5 (39% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), and a modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) of 2 (14% vs. 6%, p = 0.035) prior to surgery. There was no significant association between nCRT and the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response or complications. Of the 85 patients who underwent nCRT, there was a small but significant reduction in CRP following treatment (3.25 mg/L vs. 4.1 mg/L, p = 0.007). Of the 16 patients who were systemically inflamed prior to nCRT, 9 patients achieved mGPS score 0 after treatment (p = 0.004). There was a significant association between having an mGPS score 1 or 2 both before and after nCRT and breaching established thresholds of CRP on postoperative days 2 (190mg/L, 86% vs. 33%, p = 0.002), 3 (170mg/L, 86% vs. 38%, p = 0.015) and 4 (145mg/L, 71% vs. 36%, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Allocation to nCRT was significantly associated with a systemic inflammatory response prior to surgery for rectal cancer. nCRT was significantly associated with attenuation of existing systemic inflammation. Such attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response may in part explain the efficacy of nCRT in patients with rectal cancer.

scholarly journals Systemic pro-inflammatory response identifies patients with cancer with adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection: the OnCovid Inflammatory Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e002277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino M Dettorre ◽  
Saoirse Dolly ◽  
Angela Loizidou ◽  
John Chester ◽  
Amanda Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Nutritional Index ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Score

BackgroundPatients with cancer are particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The systemic inflammatory response is a pathogenic mechanism shared by cancer progression and COVID-19. We investigated systemic inflammation as a driver of severity and mortality from COVID-19, evaluating the prognostic role of commonly used inflammatory indices in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer accrued to the OnCovid study.MethodsIn a multicenter cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer in Europe, we evaluated dynamic changes in neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR); platelet:lymphocyte ratio (PLR); Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), renamed the OnCovid Inflammatory Score (OIS); modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS); and Prognostic Index (PI) in relation to oncological and COVID-19 infection features, testing their prognostic potential in independent training (n=529) and validation (n=542) sets.ResultsWe evaluated 1071 eligible patients, of which 625 (58.3%) were men, and 420 were patients with malignancy in advanced stage (39.2%), most commonly genitourinary (n=216, 20.2%). 844 (78.8%) had ≥1 comorbidity and 754 (70.4%) had ≥1 COVID-19 complication. NLR, OIS, and mGPS worsened at COVID-19 diagnosis compared with pre-COVID-19 measurement (p<0.01), recovering in survivors to pre-COVID-19 levels. Patients in poorer risk categories for each index except the PLR exhibited higher mortality rates (p<0.001) and shorter median overall survival in the training and validation sets (p<0.01). Multivariable analyses revealed the OIS to be most independently predictive of survival (validation set HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.20, p=0.001; adjusted concordance index score 0.611).ConclusionsSystemic inflammation is a validated prognostic domain in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer and can be used as a bedside predictor of adverse outcome. Lymphocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia as computed by the OIS are independently predictive of severe COVID-19, supporting their use for risk stratification. Reversal of the COVID-19-induced proinflammatory state is a putative therapeutic strategy in patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes – A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha R Saand ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Sherry H-Y Chou
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulations may play an important role in brain injury, recovery, and stroke outcome. The two main phenomena in stroke-related peripheral immune dysregulations are systemic inflammation and post-stroke immunosuppression. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the spleen contracts following ischemic stroke, activates peripheral immune response and this may further potentiate brain injury. Whether similar brain–immune crosstalk occurs in hemorrhagic strokes such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not established. In this review, we systematically examined animal and human evidence to date on peripheral immune responses associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Specifically, we reviewed the impact of clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), inflammation- and immune-associated biomarkers, the brain–spleen interaction, and cellular mediators of peripheral immune responses to ICH and SAH including regulatory T cells (Tregs). While there is growing data suggesting that peripheral immune dysregulation following hemorrhagic strokes may be important in brain injury pathogenesis and outcome, details of this brain-immune system cross-talk remain insufficiently understood. This is an important unmet scientific need that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies in this highly morbid condition.

scholarly journals Serum inflammation-based scores in endocrine tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Marques ◽  
Friso de Vries ◽  
Olaf M Dekkers ◽  
Márta Korbonits ◽  
Nienke R Biermasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Endocrine Tumor ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

Abstract Context Serum inflammation-based scores reflect systemic inflammatory response and/or patients’ nutritional status, and may predict clinical outcomes in cancer. While these are well-described and increasingly used in different cancers, their clinical usefulness in the management of patients with endocrine tumors is less known. Evidence acquisition A comprehensive PubMed search was performed using the terms “endocrine tumor”, “inflammation”, “serum inflammation-based score”, “inflammatory-based score”, “inflammatory response-related scoring”, “systemic inflammatory response markers”, “Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio”, “Neutrophil-to-platelet ratio”, “Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio”, “Glasgow Prognostic Score”, “Neutrophil-Platelet Score”, “Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index”, and “Prognostic Nutrition Index” in clinical studies. Evidence synthesis The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio are the ones most extensively investigated in patients with endocrine tumors. Other scores have also been considered in some studies. Several studies focused in finding whether serum inflammatory biomarkers may stratify the endocrine tumor patients’ risk and detect those at risk for developing more aggressive and/or refractory disease, particularly after endocrine surgery. Conclusions In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the different serum inflammation-based scores and their usefulness in predicting the phenotype, clinical aggressiveness, disease outcomes and prognosis in patients with endocrine tumors. The value of such serum inflammation-based scores in the management of patients with endocrine tumors has been emerging over the last decade. However, further research is necessary to establish useful markers and their cut-offs for routine clinical practice for individual diseases.

Association of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the systemic inflammatory response and tumor stage in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Tanvir Abbass ◽  
Ross Dolan ◽  
Stephen Thomas McSorley ◽  
Paul G. Horgan ◽  
Donald C. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Tumour Burden ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

130 Background: There is now good evidence that sarcopenia and myosteatosis, measured as low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and low skeletal muscle density (SMD) from CT scans, are associated with poor survival in patients undergoing surgery for CRC. However, this is not clear whether this is as a result of tumour burden or chronic inflammation. Methods: The relationship between tumour stage, systemic inflammatory response using modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and sarcopenia and myosteatosis using defined SMI/SMD was examined in 840 patients undergoing CRC resection from a prospectively maintained database. Results: The majority of patients were > 65 years of age (64.5%), male (55%) and did not have sarcopenia (51%) but had myosteatosis (65%). In those patients with a mGPS = 0 (n = 617), mGPS = 1 (n = 99), mGPS = 2 (n = 124), TNM stage of 0-I, II and III was not associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.260, p = 0.869 and p = 0.458 respectively) or myosteatosis (p = 0.136, p = 0.879 and p = 0.06 respectively). In those patients with TNM stage of 0-I (n = 202), stage II (n = 346) and stage III (n = 292), mGPS (0,1,2) was significantly associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.329, p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively) and myosteatosis (p = 0.329, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively). In patients with TNM stage of 0-I, stage II and stage III, NLR was significantly associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.492, p = 0.299 and 0.027 respectively) and myosteatosis (p = 0.870, p = 0.012 and p = 0.019 respectively). Conclusions: Compared with tumour burden, the systemic inflammatory response (particularly mGPS) appears to have a greater influence on the development of sarcopenia and myosteatosis. These results have implications for the treatment of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in patients undergoing surgery for CRC.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Cancer: Differential Association With Performance Status and Systemic Inflammatory Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (23) ◽  
pp. 2769-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J.A. Laird ◽  
Marie Fallon ◽  
Marianne J. Hjermstad ◽  
Sharon Tuck ◽  
Stein Kaasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Quality of life is a key component of cancer care; however, the factors that determine quality of life are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between quality of life parameters, performance status (PS), and the systemic inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. Methods An international biobank of patients with advanced cancer was analyzed. Quality of life was assessed at a single time point by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). PS was assessed by using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) classification. Systemic inflammation was assessed by using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), which combines C-reactive protein and albumin. The relationship between quality of life parameters, ECOG PS, and the mGPS was examined. Results Data were available for 2,520 patients, and the most common cancers were GI (585 patients [22.2%]) and pulmonary (443 patients [17.6%]). The median survival was 4.25 months (interquartile range, 1.36 to 12.9 months). Increasing mGPS (systemic inflammation) and deteriorating PS were associated with deterioration in quality-of-life parameters (P < .001). Increasing systemic inflammation was associated with deterioration in quality-of-life parameters independent of PS. Conclusion Systemic inflammation was associated with quality-of-life parameters independent of PS in patients with advanced cancer. Further investigation of these relationships in longitudinal studies and investigations of possible effects of attenuating systemic inflammation are now warranted.

Is systemic inflammation the result of insufficient cortisol production in patients with colorectal cancer?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14092-e14092
Author(s):  
Michelle Leana Ramanathan ◽  
Campbell SD Roxburgh ◽  
Paul G Horgan ◽  
Donald C. Mcmillan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Synacthen Test ◽  
Short Synacthen Test

e14092 Background: Patients with colorectal cancer who have a raised systemic inflammatory response have been shown to have poorer outcomes, independent of their tumour stage. In particular, the combination of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin, the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) has been shown to have consistent and superior prognostic value. However, the basis of a systemic inflammatory response in these patients is not clear. One hypothesis is that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response in patients with colorectal cancer may be due to impaired cortisol production, a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between preoperative systemic inflammatory response and endogenous cortisol production. Methods: A prospective study was performed to incorporate the assessment of adrenocortical function using synthetic ACTH, a short Synacthen test, as part of the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer. Preoperative systemic inflammatory response was assessed using mGPS. Results: A total of 80 patients underwent short Synacthen testing. The majority of patients were under 75 years old (79%), were male (59%), had colon cancer (75%) and had TNM stage I/II disease (54%). Approximately 50% received adjuvant treatment. Using standard criteria (peak cortisol <450 nmol/L = inadequate) impaired cortisol response was seen in 3 (4%) patients. There were no significant associations between the baseline, 30 minute, or change in cortisol (both relative and absolute) and age (p=0.814, p=0.443, p=0.730, p=0.929), sex (p=0.714, p=0.440, p=0.324, p=0.953), site (p=0.519, p=0.255, p=0.145, p=0.222), TNM stage (p=0.115, p=0.591, p=0.492, p=0.289), mGPS (p=0.280, p=0.202, p=0.800, p=0.818), or white cell count (p=0.787, p=0.316, p=0.462, p=0.567). Conclusions: The results of the present study show that impaired cortisol production, as evidenced by the short Synacthen test, was uncommon in patients with potentially curable colorectal cancer. Moreover, they indicate that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response is not associated with impaired cortisol production.

Predictive and prognostic value of systemic inflammatory response biomarkers in patients receiving nivolumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3055-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gervais ◽  
Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette ◽  
Anne Jouinot ◽  
Olivier Huillard ◽  
Jerome Alexandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Predictive And Prognostic Value

3055 Background: Nivolumab is the first checkpoint immunotherapeutic agent approved for NSCLC. By enabling host immune-mediated cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, nivolumab induces a tumor response in 15% of patients (pts). However, host-related parameters to predict nivolumab activity are still missing. We evaluated the predictive and prognostic value of the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Methods: From July 2015 to December 2016, we measured at nivolumab initiation the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), a cumulative prognostic score based on C-reactive protein and albumin, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Univariate and multivariate analyses tested the association between initial patient characteristics and clinical outcome. Results: The characteristics of the 57 consecutive pts analyzed are: median age of 66 years (range 41-78), 65% non-squamous cell lung cancer, 61.4% males and 52.6% Performance Status (PS) 0-1. GPS was 0 in 27 (47.4%), 1 in 21 (36.8%) and 2 in 9 (15.8%) pts. In multivariate analysis, parameters associated with disease progression (per RECIST 1.1) were GPS (1-2 vs 0; HR 1.45 [1.11-1.90], p= 0.009) and number of metastatic sites (>2 vs ≤ 2; HR: 0.75 [0.57-0.98], p = 0.04). Overall survival was significantly worse for pts with PS 2-3 vs PS 0-1 (p=0.01) and for pts with GPS 2 vs GPS 0-1 (p=0.01). The GPS was an independent predictive marker of progression and was superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores in our cohort (Table). Conclusions: The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) allows identifying patients with disease progression and long survivors among metastatic NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Simple and Objective Prediction of Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer: Staging the Host Systemic Inflammatory Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Grose ◽  
Graham Devereux ◽  
Louise Brown ◽  
Richard Jones ◽  
Dave Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Prediction Of Survival

Background. Prediction of survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer remains problematical. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical utility of an established objective marker of the systemic inflammatory response, the Glasgow Prognostic Score, as the basis of risk stratification in patients with lung cancer. Methods. Between 2005 and 2008 all newly diagnosed lung cancer patients coming through the multidisciplinary meetings (MDTs) of four Scottish centres were included in the study. The details of 882 patients with a confirmed new diagnosis of any subtype or stage of lung cancer were collected prospectively. Results. The median survival was 5.6 months (IQR 4.8–6.5). Survival analysis was undertaken in three separate groups based on mGPS score. In the mGPS 0 group the most highly predictive factors were performance status, weight loss, stage of NSCLC, and palliative treatment offered. In the mGPS 1 group performance status, stage of NSCLC, and radical treatment offered were significant. In the mGPS 2 group only performance status and weight loss were statistically significant. Discussion. This present study confirms previous work supporting the use of mGPS in predicting cancer survival; however, it goes further by showing how it might be used to provide more objective risk stratification in patients diagnosed with lung cancer.

scholarly journals The systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection: Comparison of 2 consecutive cohorts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251924
Author(s):  
Donogh Maguire ◽  
Conor Richards ◽  
Marylynne Woods ◽  
Ross Dolan ◽  
Jesse Wilson Veitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio

Background In order to manage the COVID-19 systemic inflammatory response, it is important to identify clinicopathological characteristics across multiple cohorts. Methods The aim of the present study was to compare the 4C mortality score, other measures of the systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in two consecutive cohorts of patients on admission with COVID-19. Electronic patient records for 2 consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to two urban teaching hospitals with COVID-19 during two 7-week periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Glasgow, U.K. (cohort 1: 17/3/2020–1/5/2020) and (cohort 2: 18/5/2020–6/7/2020) were examined for routine clinical, laboratory and clinical outcome data. Results Compared with cohort 1, cohort 2 were older (p<0.001), more likely to be female (p<0.05) and have less independent living circumstances (p<0.001). More patients in cohort 2 were PCR positive, CXR negative (both p<0.001) and had low serum albumin concentrations (p<0.001). 30-day mortality was similar between both cohorts (23% and 22%). In cohort 2, age >70 (p<0.05), male gender (p<0.05), COPD (p<0.05), cognitive impairment (p<0.05), frailty (p<0.001), delirium (p = 0.001), CRP>150mg/L (p<0.05), albumin <30 g/L (p<0.01), elevated perioperative Glasgow Prognostic Score (p<0.05), elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), low haematocrit (p<0.01), elevated PT (p<0.05), sodium <133 mmol/L (p<0.01) elevated urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.05) and lactate (p<0.001) and the 4C score (p<0.001) were associated with 30-day mortality. In multivariate analysis, greater frailty (CFS>3) (OR 11.3, 95% C.I. 2.3–96.7, p<0.05), low albumin (<30g/L) (OR 2.5, 95% C.I. 1.0–6.2, p<0.05), high NLR (≥3) (OR 2.2, 95% C.I. 1.5–4.5, p<0.05) and the 4C score (OR 2.4, 95% C.I. 1.0–5.6, p<0.05) remained independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion In addition to the 4C mortality score, frailty score and a low albumin were strongly independently associated with 30-day mortality in two consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04484545.

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