Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle strength in older men with prostate cancer (Pca) started on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): Preliminary results of an open-label, randomized trial.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Bylow ◽  
Deepak Kilari ◽  
Matthew John Riese ◽  
John Burfeind ◽  
Melinda Stolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
And Function

258 Background: ADT causes muscle weakness and wasting within 3 months (mo), causing older men on ADT to experience functional impairments and falls. HMB, a leucine metabolite which decreases muscle protein breakdown, improves strength, fat-free mass and function in older patients when given with arginine (A) and glutamine (G). Use of HMB +AG in older men with PCa starting on ADT to improve muscle loss and function has not been reported. Methods: Men age ≥ 60 with Pca starting on ADT were eligible. 42 men to date have been randomized to receive HMB + AG (Juven) twice daily for 3 mo vs no supplement. Physical performance measures using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and hand dynamometer measurements were done at baseline and 3 mo. Both of these validated tests predict morbidity and mortality in older patients. Information on primary outcome, body composition, will be reported in the future according to study plan. Interim results are reported here to describe functional geriatric outcomes. Results: 42 men (mean age 70.2) with Pca (42.4% localized, 27.3% biochemical recurrence, 30.3% metastatic) have enrolled to date. Change in SPPB score favored HMB group: 12.6% of HMB vs 23.1% of controls had decline of ≥ 1point (pt) and 56.3% of HMB vs 15.4% of controls had increase of ≥ 1 pt (p = 0.045). The change in timed chair stand portion of SPPB (measures quadriceps strength) trended in favor of HMB group: -1.5 ± 2.9 seconds (sec) for HMB vs +0.4 ± 2.5 sec for controls, p = 0.073. 41.2% of HMB vs 15.4% of controls experienced an improvement in chair stand score. Change in hand grip strength also favored HMB group: 52.9% of HMB vs 84.6% of controls lost strength and 29.4% of HMB vs 0 controls gained strength, p = 0.047. No significant side effects were reported in HMB group. Conclusions: These are preliminary results of an ongoing trial. HMB is well tolerated in men with PCa on ADT. There is a trend in all measures of muscle function in favor of the HMB group. A much higher than expected % of men on HMB experienced improvement in measures of muscle function despite being on ADT. Further studies are ongoing to clarify the role of HMB in older men on ADT. Clinical trial information: NCT01607879.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia em idosas quilombolas : Análise das variáveis antropométricas e de força de preensão manual

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigida Silva Cunha ◽  
Carla Rejane Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Lorena Ohrana Braz Prudente ◽  
Neila Barbosa Osório ◽  
Luiz Sinésio da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working

A sarcopenia é uma síndrome geriátrica com prejuízos na massa e força muscular e desempenho físico e está associada a agravos na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Nesse sentido, a compreensão das características antropométricas e funcionais em idosos é adjuvante, em especial nas populações vulneráveis como as quilombolas. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a sarcopenia, força de preensão manual (FPM) e variáveis antropométricas em idosas quilombolas. A amostra foi composta por 39 mulheres com idade média de 63,77±7,58 anos, das comunidades quilombolas de Malhadinha e Córrego Fundo-Tocantins. Para o diagnóstico de sarcopenia foi utilizado o critério proposto pelo European Working Group consensus (EWGSOP). As variáveis de composição corporal analisadas foram peso, estatura, IMC, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), relação cintura quadril (RCQ), percentual de gordura (%G) e massa livre de gordura apendicular (MLGA). A mensuração da massa muscular foi realizada pelo exame de absormetria de raios-x de dupla energia (DXA). A FPM foi obtida por meio do dinamômetro modelo Saehan. A velocidade de marcha foi utilizada para status de desempenho físico. A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 7,69%. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas de peso (p=0,004), IMC (p=0,005), CC (p=0,002), CQ (p=0,045), MLGA (p=0,001), %G (p=0,002) e FPM (p=0,038), revelando valores médios inferiores nas idosas sarcopênicas. Portanto, a condição de sarcopênica revelou prejuízos na funcionalidade. A medida do IMC pode ser um marcador clínico para sarcopenia. A adoção de medidas que minimizem os prejuízos da sarcopenia como a baixa massa magra e FPM são necessárias.         Palavras-chave: Sarcopenia. Idosos. Quilombolas. Força de Preensão Manual. População Vulnerável. ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome with losses in muscle mass and strength and physical performance and is associated with impairments in functionality and quality of life. In this sense, the understanding of the anthropometric and functional characteristics in the elderly is adjuvant, especially in vulnerable populations such as quilombolas. The objective of this study is to analyze sarcopenia, manual grip strength (MPF) and anthropometric variables in quilombolate elderly women. The sample consisted of 39 women with a mean age of 63.77 ± 7.58 years, from the quilombola communities of Malhadinha and Córrego Fundo-Tocantins. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, the criterion proposed by the European Working Group consensus (EWGSOP) was used. The variables of body composition analyzed were weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HR), waist hip ratio (WHR), fat percentage (% G) and appendicular fat free mass . Muscle mass measurement was performed by double-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). FPM was obtained using the Saehan model dynamometer. Travel speed was used for physical performance status. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.69%. There were significant differences in weight (p = 0.004), BMI (p = 0.005), WC (p = 0.002), CQ (p = 0.045), MLGA (p = 0.001),% G P = 0.038), revealing lower mean values in the sarcopenic elderly. Therefore, the sarcopenic condition revealed functional impairments. Measurement of BMI may be a clinical marker for sarcopenia. The adoption of measures that minimize the losses of sarcopenia such as low lean mass and FPM are necessary.                                         Keywords: Sarcopenia. Elderly. Quilombolas. Handgrip strength. Vulnerable population.

Combined Administration of Andrographolide and Angiotensin- (1-7) Synergically Increases the Muscle Function and Strength in Aged Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Abrigo ◽  
Felipe Simon ◽  
Daniel Cabrera ◽  
Cristian Vilos ◽  
Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Muscle Disorder ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, and decline in the capacity of force generation. Aging can cause sarcopenia. Several therapeutic strategies have been evaluated to prevent or alleviate this disorder. One of them is angiotensin 1-7 [Ang-(1-7)], an anti-atrophic peptide for skeletal muscles that regulates decreased muscle mass for several causes, including aging. Another regulator of muscle mass and function is andrographolide, a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone that decreases the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and attenuates the severity of some muscle diseases. Objective: Evaluate the effect of combined administration of Ang-(1-7) with andrographolide on the physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter in a murine model of sarcopenia by aging. Methods: Aged male mice of the C57BL/6J strain were treated with Andrographolide, Ang-(1-7), or combined for three months. The physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter were measured. Results: The results showed that aged mice (24 months old) treated with Ang-(1-7) or Andrographolide improved their performance on a treadmill test, muscle strength, and their fiber´s diameter compared to aged mice without treatment. The combined administration of Ang-(1-7) with andrographolide to aged mice has an enhanced synergically effect on physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter. Conclusion: Our results indicated that in aged mice, the effects of andrographolide and Ang-(1-7) on muscle function, strength, and fiber´s diameter are potentiated.

LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MUSCLE MASS AND FUNCTION IN OLDER MEN AT INCREASED RISK FOR SARCOPENIA – THE FrOST-STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
W. Kemmler ◽  
S. von Stengel ◽  
D. Schoene
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
And Function

Background: Declines in muscle mass and function are inevitable developments of the advanced aging process. Corresponding dimensions of longitudinal changes in at-risk populations are still scarce although clinically relevant. The present study monitored changes in morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria related to sarcopenia in older men with low muscle mass over a period of 24 months. Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in muscle mass and function were comparable across the body. Our hypothesis was that both (1) fat free mass (FFM) and (2) function decline at a significantly higher rate in the lower versus the upper extremities. Design: We conducted an observational study of 24 months. Setting: Community dwelling men living in the area of Northern Bavaria were initially included in the Franconian Sarcopenic Obesity (FranSO) study by the Institute of Medical Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Participants: One hundred and seventy-seven (177) men (77.5±4.5 years) within the lowest skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) quartile of the FranSO study were included in the present 24 month analysis. Measurements: Fat free mass (direct-segmental, multi-frequency Bio-Impedance-Analysis (DSM-BIA)), handgrip strength (hand-dynamometer) and 10-m habitual gait velocity (photo sensors) were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Results: Lower extremity fat free mass (LEFFM: -2.0±2.4%), handgrip strength (-12.8±11.0%) and gait velocity (-3.5±9.0%) declined significantly (p<.001) during the follow-up period, while upper extremity FFM was maintained unchanged (UEFFM: 0.1±3.1%). Changes in LEFFM were significantly higher (p<.001) compared with UEFFM, however contrary to our expectation the decline in handgrip strength representing upper extremity muscle function was 3.7-fold higher (p<.001) than the decline in gait velocity. Conclusion: Medical experts involved in diagnosis, monitoring and management of sarcopenia should consider that parameters constituting morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria feature different rates of decline during the aging process.

scholarly journals Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhasin ◽  
L Woodhouse ◽  
TW Storer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Low Testosterone

In spite of the widespread abuse of androgenic steroids by athletes and recreational body-builders, the effects of these agents on athletic performance and physical function remain poorly understood. Experimentally induced androgen deficiency is associated with a loss of fat-free mass; conversely, physiologic testosterone replacement of healthy, androgen-deficient men increases fat-free mass and muscle protein synthesis. Testosterone supplementation of HIV-infected men with low testosterone levels and of older men with normally low testosterone concentrations also increases muscle mass. However, we do not know whether physiologic testosterone replacement can improve physical function and health-related quality of life, and reduce the risk of falls and disability in older men or those with chronic illness. Testosterone increases maximal voluntary strength in a dose-dependent manner and thus might improve performance in power-lifting events. However, testosterone has not been shown to improve performance in endurance events. The mechanisms by which testosterone increases muscle mass are not known, but probably involve alterations in the expression of multiple muscle growth regulators.

scholarly journals Muscle Phenotype, Proteolysis, and Atrophy Signaling During Reloading in Mice: Effects of Curcumin on the Gastrocnemius

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mañas-García ◽  
Nuria Bargalló ◽  
Joaquim Gea ◽  
Esther Barreiro
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Disuse Muscle Atrophy ◽  
And Function

We hypothesized that curcumin may mitigate muscle protein degradation and loss through attenuation of proteolytic activity in limb muscles of mice exposed to reloading (7dR) following immobilization (7dI). In gastrocnemius of mice (female C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to recovery following a seven-day period of hindlimb immobilization with/without curcumin treatment, markers of muscle proteolysis (systemic troponin-I), atrophy signaling pathways and histone deacetylases, protein synthesis, and muscle phenotypic characteristics and function were analyzed. In gastrocnemius of reloading mice compared to unloaded, muscle function, structure, sirtuin-1, and protein synthesis improved, while proteolytic and signaling markers (FoxO1/3) declined. In gastrocnemius of unloaded and reloaded mice treated with curcumin, proteolytic and signaling markers (NF-kB p50) decreased and sirtuin-1 activity and hybrid fibers size increased (reloaded muscle), while no significant improvement was seen in muscle function. Treatment with curcumin elicited a rise in sirtuin-1 activity, while attenuating proteolysis in gastrocnemius of mice during reloading following a period of unloading. Curcumin attenuated muscle proteolysis probably via activation of histone deacetylase sirtuin-1, which also led to decreased levels of atrophy signaling pathways. These findings offer an avenue of research in the design of therapeutic strategies in clinical settings of patients exposed to periods of disuse muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 Ameliorates Sarcopenia by Improving Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Aged Balb/c Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10023
Author(s):  
Kippeum Lee ◽  
Jisoo Kim ◽  
Soo-Dong Park ◽  
Jae-Jung Shim ◽  
Jung-Lyoul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in elderly people and can lead to physical frailty and fall-related injuries. Sarcopenia is an inevitable event of the aging process that substantially impacts a person’s quality of life. Recent studies to improve muscle function through the intake of various functional food materials are attracting attention. However, it is not yet known whether probiotics can improve muscle mass and muscle strength and affect physical performance. Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 (HY7715) is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. The present research shows that L. plantarum HY7715 increases physical performance and skeletal muscle mass in 80-week-old aged Balb/c male mice. HY7715 not only induces myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis but also inhibits the sarcopenic process in skeletal muscle. In addition, HY7715 recovers the microbiome composition and beta-diversity shift. Therefore, HY7715 has promise as a functional probiotic supplement to improve the degeneration of muscle function that is associated with aging.

Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. E601-E607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arny A. Ferrando ◽  
Melinda Sheffield-Moore ◽  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
Charles Gilkison ◽  
Jie Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism ◽  
Testosterone Administration

We investigated the effects of 6 mo of near-physiological testosterone administration to older men on skeletal muscle function and muscle protein metabolism. Twelve older men (≥60 yr) with serum total testosterone concentrations <17 nmol/l (480 ng/dl) were randomly assigned in double-blind manner to receive either placebo ( n = 5) or testosterone enanthate (TE; n = 7) injections. Weekly intramuscular injections were given for the 1st mo to establish increased blood testosterone concentrations at 1 mo and then changed to biweekly injections until the 6-mo time point. TE doses were adjusted to maintain nadir serum testosterone concentrations between 17 and 28 nmol/l. Lean body mass (LBM), muscle volume, prostate size, and urinary flow were measured at baseline and at 6 mo. Protein expression of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin-like growth factor I, along with muscle strength and muscle protein metabolism, were measured at baseline and at 1 and 6 mo of treatment. Hematological parameters were followed monthly throughout the study. Older men receiving testosterone increased total and leg LBM, muscle volume, and leg and arm muscle strength after 6 mo. LBM accretion resulted from an increase in muscle protein net balance, due to a decrease in muscle protein breakdown. TE treatment increased expression of AR protein at 1 mo, but expression returned to pre-TE treatment levels by 6 mo. IGF-I protein expression increased at 1 mo and remained increased throughout TE administration. We conclude that physiological and near-physiological increases of testosterone in older men will increase muscle protein anabolism and muscle strength.

scholarly journals Physical and functional performance assessment in pediatric oncology: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Söntgerath ◽  
Julia Däggelmann ◽  
Sabine V. Kesting ◽  
Corina S. Rueegg ◽  
Torge-Christian Wittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Research indicates reduced physical performance from diagnosis into survivorship of pediatric cancer patients. However, there is no systematic information or guideline available on the methods to assess physical performance and function in this population. The purpose was to systematically compile and describe assessments of physical performance and function in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait and motor performance test batteries. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database and performed abstract and full-text selection of 2619 articles according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Information on patients characteristics, assessments, information on validity and reliability, and relevant references was extracted. Results In summary, 63 different assessments were found in 149 studies including 11639 participants. Most studies evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with the majority conducted off treatment. Some outcomes (e.g. speed) and diagnoses (e.g. neuroblastoma) were severely underrepresented. With the exception of gait, leukemia patients represented the largest group of individuals tested. Conclusions Insufficient data and patient heterogeneity complicate uniform recommendations for assessments. Our results support researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate assessment to meet their specific research questions or individual daily practice needs. Impact This systematic review includes 149 studies and provides a comprehensive summary of 63 assessments to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait or motor performance test batteries in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer. We present the most studied fields within the pediatric cancer population, which are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, off treatment phase, and leukemia patients. We propose research priorities by identification of subgroups in terms of cancer type, phase of treatment, and outcome of interest that are underrepresented in studies currently available.

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