Combined Administration of Andrographolide and Angiotensin- (1-7) Synergically Increases the Muscle Function and Strength in Aged Mice

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, and decline in the capacity of force generation. Aging can cause sarcopenia. Several therapeutic strategies have been evaluated to prevent or alleviate this disorder. One of them is angiotensin 1-7 [Ang-(1-7)], an anti-atrophic peptide for skeletal muscles that regulates decreased muscle mass for several causes, including aging. Another regulator of muscle mass and function is andrographolide, a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone that decreases the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and attenuates the severity of some muscle diseases. Objective: Evaluate the effect of combined administration of Ang-(1-7) with andrographolide on the physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter in a murine model of sarcopenia by aging. Methods: Aged male mice of the C57BL/6J strain were treated with Andrographolide, Ang-(1-7), or combined for three months. The physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter were measured. Results: The results showed that aged mice (24 months old) treated with Ang-(1-7) or Andrographolide improved their performance on a treadmill test, muscle strength, and their fiber´s diameter compared to aged mice without treatment. The combined administration of Ang-(1-7) with andrographolide to aged mice has an enhanced synergically effect on physical performance, muscle strength, and fiber´s diameter. Conclusion: Our results indicated that in aged mice, the effects of andrographolide and Ang-(1-7) on muscle function, strength, and fiber´s diameter are potentiated.

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Effect of Loquat Leaf Extract on Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Function in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/4301621 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Young Hye Cho ◽

Sang Yeoup Lee ◽

Cheol Min Kim ◽

Nam Deuk Kim ◽

Sangmin Choe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Study Results

Ursolic acid (UA) is the major active component of the loquat leaf extract (LLE) and several previous studies have indicated that UA may have the ability to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of the LLE on muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle function, and metabolic markers in healthy adults; the safety of the compound was also evaluated. We examined the peak torque/body weight at 60°/s knee extension, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass, physical performance, and metabolic parameters at baseline, as well as after 4 and 12 weeks of intervention. Either 500 mg of LLE (50.94 mg of UA) or a placebo was administered to fifty-four healthy adults each day for 12 weeks; no differences in muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance were observed between the two groups. However, the right-handgrip strength of female subjects in the LLE group was found to be significantly better than that of subjects in the control group (P=0.047). Further studies are required to determine the optimal dose and duration of LLE supplementation to confirm the first-stage study results for clinical application. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier isNCT02401113.

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Assessment of sarcopenia in patients with fibromyalgia

Rheumatology International ◽

10.1007/s00296-021-04973-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abeline Kapuczinski ◽

Muhammad S. Soyfoo ◽

Sandra De Breucker ◽

Joëlle Margaux

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older People ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽

Control Group ◽

European Working

AbstractFibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent widespread musculoskeletal pain. Patients with fibromyalgia have reduced physical activity and increased sedentary rate. The age-associated reduction of skeletal muscle mass and function is called sarcopenia. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Loss of muscle function is common in fibromyalgia and in the elderly. The goal of this study is to determine whether the reduction of muscle function in fibromyalgia is related to sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Forty-five patients with fibromyalgia and thirty-nine healthy control female subjects were included. All the participants were assessed by Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and SARC-F questionnaire. Muscle mass was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis, muscle strength by handgrip strength test and physical performance with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and SARC-F scores were statistically significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the control group, showing severe disease and a higher risk of sarcopenia in the fibromyalgia group (p < 0.001). Muscle strength and physical performance were statistically significantly lower in the group with fibromyalgia than in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between fibromyalgia and control groups regarding skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.263). Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in muscle function in fibromyalgia patients without any loss of muscle mass. Loss of muscle function without decrease in muscle mass is called dynapenia.

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Prevalence of Sarcopenia According to the Method Used to Determine Physical Performance

10.5772/intechopen.100467 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Sáez ◽

Sara García-Isidoro

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Simplified Model ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Muscle Disorder ◽

Low Levels

Sarcopenia is currently defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that occurs with advancing age and is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes. Low levels of measures for muscle strength, muscle quantity, and physical performance define sarcopenia. In this chapter, we will see that the prevalence of a low value of physical performance will be different according to the method used to measure this parameter, and thus, it would be foreseeable to think that the prevalence of sarcopenia will also be different according to the method used. However, despite the differences found in physical performance, we will show that the prevalence of sarcopenia appears to be regardless of the method used for physical performance, and therefore, how is it possible that having a significant difference in the prevalence of physical performance depending on the method chosen, the prevalence of sarcopenia has an almost perfect agreement? To answer these questions, a new simplified model is studied, defining sarcopenia as low muscle strength and low muscle mass and without taking physical performance into account. Finally, we will see that, indeed, physical performance does not seem to be decisive or necessary for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

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Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 Ameliorates Sarcopenia by Improving Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Aged Balb/c Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221810023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 10023

Author(s):

Kippeum Lee ◽

Jisoo Kim ◽

Soo-Dong Park ◽

Jae-Jung Shim ◽

Jung-Lyoul Lee

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Myoblast Differentiation ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

And Function

Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in elderly people and can lead to physical frailty and fall-related injuries. Sarcopenia is an inevitable event of the aging process that substantially impacts a person’s quality of life. Recent studies to improve muscle function through the intake of various functional food materials are attracting attention. However, it is not yet known whether probiotics can improve muscle mass and muscle strength and affect physical performance. Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 (HY7715) is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. The present research shows that L. plantarum HY7715 increases physical performance and skeletal muscle mass in 80-week-old aged Balb/c male mice. HY7715 not only induces myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis but also inhibits the sarcopenic process in skeletal muscle. In addition, HY7715 recovers the microbiome composition and beta-diversity shift. Therefore, HY7715 has promise as a functional probiotic supplement to improve the degeneration of muscle function that is associated with aging.

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Physical and functional performance assessment in pediatric oncology: a systematic review

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/s41390-021-01523-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Regine Söntgerath ◽

Julia Däggelmann ◽

Sabine V. Kesting ◽

Corina S. Rueegg ◽

Torge-Christian Wittke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Pediatric Cancer ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Performance Test ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Cancer Type ◽

And Function

Abstract Background Research indicates reduced physical performance from diagnosis into survivorship of pediatric cancer patients. However, there is no systematic information or guideline available on the methods to assess physical performance and function in this population. The purpose was to systematically compile and describe assessments of physical performance and function in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait and motor performance test batteries. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database and performed abstract and full-text selection of 2619 articles according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Information on patients characteristics, assessments, information on validity and reliability, and relevant references was extracted. Results In summary, 63 different assessments were found in 149 studies including 11639 participants. Most studies evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with the majority conducted off treatment. Some outcomes (e.g. speed) and diagnoses (e.g. neuroblastoma) were severely underrepresented. With the exception of gait, leukemia patients represented the largest group of individuals tested. Conclusions Insufficient data and patient heterogeneity complicate uniform recommendations for assessments. Our results support researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate assessment to meet their specific research questions or individual daily practice needs. Impact This systematic review includes 149 studies and provides a comprehensive summary of 63 assessments to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait or motor performance test batteries in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer. We present the most studied fields within the pediatric cancer population, which are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, off treatment phase, and leukemia patients. We propose research priorities by identification of subgroups in terms of cancer type, phase of treatment, and outcome of interest that are underrepresented in studies currently available.

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Muscle strength: A better index of low physical performance than muscle mass in older adults

Geriatrics and Gerontology International ◽

10.1111/ggi.12514 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 577-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yeo Hyung Kim ◽

Kwang-Il Kim ◽

Nam-Jong Paik ◽

Ki-Woong Kim ◽

Hak Chul Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance

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Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Evelien Gielen ◽

David Beckwée ◽

Andreas Delaere ◽

Sandra De Breucker ◽

Maurits Vandewoude ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Belgian Society ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Context Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, and death. The Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics has developed evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This umbrella review presents the results of the Working Group on Nutritional Interventions. Objective The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions targeting sarcopenia or at least 1 of the 3 sarcopenia criteria (ie, muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance) in persons aged ≥ 65 years. Data sources Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting the effect of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia or muscle mass, strength, or physical performance. Data extraction Two authors extracted data on the key characteristics of the reviews, including participants, treatment, and outcomes. Methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using the product A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. Three authors synthesized the extracted data and generated recommendations on the basis of an overall synthesis of the effects of each intervention. Quality of evidence was rated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data analysis A total of 15 systematic reviews were included. The following supplements were examined: proteins, essential amino acids, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and multinutrient supplementation (with or without physical exercise). Because of both the low amount and the low to moderate quality of the reviews, the level of evidence supporting most recommendations was low to moderate. Conclusions Best evidence is available to recommend leucine, because it has a significant effect on muscle mass in elderly people with sarcopenia. Protein supplementation on top of resistance training is recommended to increase muscle mass and strength, in particular for obese persons and for ≥ 24 weeks. Effects on sarcopenia as a construct were not reported in the included reviews.

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NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.35 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

B.C. Clark

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

The Past ◽

Conceptual Definition ◽

Age Related ◽

Per Se ◽

Definition Of ◽

And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

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