Comprehensive radiogenomics analysis of qualitative and quantitative features of cross-sectional imaging in the TCGA project in MIBC.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 482-482
Author(s):  
Seth P. Lerner ◽  
Vinay Duddalwar ◽  
Erich Huang ◽  
Ersan Altun ◽  
Tharakeswara Bathala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tumor Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

482 Background: Quantitative imaging descriptors derived from CT and MRI can be integrated with genomic data that may be used as non-invasive prognostic or predictive biomarkers. We report an integrated radiogenomics project designed to develop subjective and objective parameters extracted from cross-sectional imaging of MIBC from studies archived in the TCIA and linked to the TCGA project. Methods: We reported comprehensive integrated genomic analysis of 412 tumors (Cell 2017). 7 of 33 tissue source sites submitted CT scans to the TCIA (n=106). We developed 17 features describing tumor size/location, metastases sites, and tumor morphology; 9 GU radiologists reviewed the scans in a blinded manner. EH analyzed the data independent of the radiologists. We computed kappa statistics for categorical features and coverage probabilities for quantitative features (Lin et al 2002). The tumor was segmented on an axial image and the segmented image analyzed using a radiomics panel (radiomicslab.usc.edu). Associations between individual features and subtypes were assessed (Fisher’s Exact Test) for categorical features and Kruskal-Wallis Test for quantitative features. Results: Substantial agreement (k≥ 0.6) was observed in 4 features: tumor laterality, tumor within bladder diverticulum, right and left UVJ involvement and hydroureter. We observed weak agreement (95% CI <0.4) for bladder neck, posterior bladder, dome, and trigone involvement, tumor margin, internal architecture, radiographic stage, left upper tract involvement, and metastases. The coverage probability for lesion size was 0.59 (0.544-0.638) (Figure). Tumor morphology was associated with microRNA cluster, with diffuse wall thickening having a higher tendency toward Clusters 3 and 4 (p < .001). Radiomic analysis identified statistically significant associations of mutations in FGFR3, CREBBP, CASP8 and EP300 with multiple radiomic features. Conclusions: This blinded comprehensive assessment of features extracted from CT images highlights many of the ongoing challenges in staging patients with MIBC. Preliminary analysis shows promise in analyzing associations between radiomic features and mutations.

scholarly journals Diagnostic imaging in adult non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Breathe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Juliusson ◽  
Gunnar Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Severe Form ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peripheral Airways ◽  
Bronchial Lumen ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Bronchial Dilatation

Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, defined as permanent dilatation of the bronchial lumen. Volumetric thin-section multidetector computed tomography is an excellent noninvasive modality to evaluate bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is categorised by morphological appearance. Cylindrical bronchiectasis has a smooth tubular configuration and is the most common form. Varicose bronchiectasis has irregular contours with alternating dilating and contracting lumen. Cystic bronchiectasis is the most severe form and exhibits saccular dilatation of bronchi. Bronchial dilatation is the hallmark of bronchiectasis and is evaluated in relation to the accompanying pulmonary artery. A broncho–arterial ratio exceeding 1:1 should be considered abnormal. Normal bronchi are narrower in diameter the further they are from the lung hila. Lack of normal bronchial tapering over 2 cm in length, distal from an airway bifurcation, is the most sensitive sign of bronchiectasis. Findings commonly associated with bronchiectasis include bronchial wall thickening, mucus plugging and tree-in-bud opacities. Bronchiectasis results from a myriad of conditions, with post-infectious bronchiectasis being the most common. Imaging can sometimes discern the cause of bronchiectasis. However, in most cases it is nonspecific or only suggestive of aetiology. While morphological types are nonspecific, the distribution of abnormality offers clues to aetiology.Key pointsBronchiectasis is a chronic progressive condition with significant disease burden and frequent exacerbations, for which the diagnosis relies on cross-sectional imaging.The major imaging findings include bronchial dilatation, bronchial contour abnormalities and visualisation of the normally invisible peripheral airways.Bronchiectasis is the end result of various conditions, including immunodeficiencies, mucociliary disorders and infections. Imaging is often nonspecific with regard to aetiology but can be suggestive.Distribution of abnormality in the lung offers helpful clues for establishing aetiology.Educational aimsTo review the cross-sectional imaging appearance of bronchiectasis and the common associated findings.To get a sense of how radiology can aid in establishing the aetiology of bronchiectasis.

scholarly journals P111 Cross-sectional imaging is highly sensitive in detecting endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S203-S204
Author(s):  
S Bachour ◽  
R S Shah ◽  
R Lyu ◽  
T Nakamura ◽  
M Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Mr Enterography ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Radiographic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Abstract Background Postoperative Crohn’s disease (CD) surveillance relies on endoscopic monitoring. The role of cross-sectional imaging in post-operative CD surveillance is less clear. We aimed to evaluate radiographic characteristics, endoscopic concordance, and the predictive ability of imaging for postoperative recurrence (POR). Methods Multi-institution retrospective cohort study of adult CD patients who underwent ileocolonic resection (ICR) between 2009–2020. Patients with a CT or MR enterography within 90 days of a postoperative surveillance colonoscopy were included. Imaging studies were interpreted by blinded expert CD radiologists. Endoscopic activity was assessed by Rutgeerts’ scoring (POR ≥ i2b). Patients were categorized by presence of endoscopic POR (E+ or E-) or radiographic disease activity (R+ or R-) and grouped by endoscopic and radiographic concordance. Results 201 CD patients (57.7% female, mean age 31 years, 81.2% stricturing CD, 17.9% &gt;1 prior ICR, 22.5%) with paired colonoscopy and imaging were included. Median time from ICR to paired endoscopy was 23.2 months. Imaging was highly sensitive for detecting POR (84.2%), but poorly specific (32.8%). The plurality (41.8%, N=84) were discordant E-/R+, 32.8% concordant positive (E+/R+), 20.4% concordant negative (E-/R-), and 5% discordant E+/R-. In patients with endoscopic POR, imaging detected intestinal wall thickening (86.8%; p=0.004) and hyper-enhancement (84.2%; p=0.003) at higher rates and corresponded with endoscopic severity (Figure 1). Multiple correspondence analysis showed association between severe endoscopic (i3/i4) disease and advanced radiographic disease. The majority (58.3 %) of E+/R- patients (N=12) had a Rutgeerts’ score of i2b. Majority of E-/R+ (N=84) had minimal/mild radiographic disease (81%). Differences in characteristics between the E-/R+ and E+/R+ was most pronounced in length of disease &gt;10 cm (26.1%, 45.3%). Subsequent colonoscopies were performed in 74 E-/R+ (i0=28, i1=12, i2a=34) and 35 E-/R- (i0=20, i1=9, i2a=6) patients with 18 E-/R+ (24.3%; i0=8, i1=3, i2a=7) and 4 E-/R- (11.4%; i0=1, i1=2, i2a=1) patients developing POR (p=0.09). However, survival analysis between E-/R+ and E-/R- showed no difference to time to subsequent POR (p=0.24) (Figure 2). Imaging features at time of paired negative endoscopy did not predict subsequent endoscopic POR. Conclusion Cross-sectional imaging is highly sensitive to detect endoscopic POR; advanced radiographic disease correlates with increased endoscopic severity. Patients with no endoscopic recurrence in the presence of radiographic activity may require increased surveillance, though larger study cohorts are needed. Imaging compliments, but should not supplant, endoscopic POR surveillance paradigms.

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

The role of pre-biopsy mpMRI in lymph node staging for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110168
Author(s):  
Nassib Abou Heidar ◽  
Robert El-Doueihi ◽  
Ali Merhe ◽  
Paul Ramia ◽  
Gerges Bustros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Kappa Agreement

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) staging is an integral part in the management of prostate cancer. The gold standard for diagnosing lymph node invasion is a surgical lymphadenectomy, with no superior imaging modality available at the clinician’s disposal. Our aim in this study is to identify if a pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) can provide enough information about pelvic lymph nodes in intermediate and high risk PCa patients, and whether it can substitute further cross sectional imaging (CSI) modalities of the abdomen and pelvis in these risk categories. Methods: Patients with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer were collected between January 2015 and June 2019, while excluding patients who did not undergo a pre-biopsy mpMRI or a CSI. Date regarding biopsy result, PSA, MRI results, CSI imaging results were collected. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0, statistical analysis was conducted using the Cohen’s Kappa agreement for comparison of mpMRI with CSI. McNemar’s test and receiver operator curve (ROC) curve were used for comparison of sensitivity of both tests when comparing to the gold standard of lymphadenectomy. Results: A total of 143 patients fit the inclusion criteria. We further stratified our patients into according to PSA level and Gleason score. Overall, agreement between mpMRI and all CSI was 0.857. When stratifying patients based on Gleason score and PSA, the higher the grade or PSA, the higher agreement between mpMRI and CSI. The sensitivity of mpMRI (73.7%) is similar to CSI (68.4%). When comparing CSI sensitivity to that of mpMRI, no significant difference was present by utilizing the McNemar test and very similar receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: A pre-biopsy mpMRI can potentially substitute further cross sectional imaging in our cohort of patients. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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