scholarly journals Role of Adverse Events in Unscheduled Hospitalizations Among Patients With Solid Tumors Who Receive Medical Oncology Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e39-e45
Author(s):  
Chris I. Wong ◽  
Jessica A. Zerillo ◽  
Sherri O. Stuver ◽  
Jocelyn H. Siegel ◽  
Joseph O. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Medical Oncology ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Oncology Treatment

PURPOSE: The development of strategies to prevent or mitigate cancer treatment–related adverse events (AEs) is necessary to improve patient experience, safety, and cost containment. To develop a strategy to easily identify and mitigate AEs, we sought to understand the frequency and severity of those that resulted in hospitalizations. METHODS: We retrospectively characterized hospitalizations of ambulatory adult patients with solid tumor cancers within 30 days of chemotherapy administration using medical record data abstraction. Hospitalizations were categorized as caused by cancer symptoms, a noncancer medical condition, or a medical oncology treatment-related AE. Severity of the treatment-related AE hospitalization was rated using the National Patient Safety Agency risk assessment matrix scale. RESULTS: Between May and October 2016, 116 patients experienced 197 hospitalizations (per-patient mean, 1.7 AEs; range, 1 to 7 AEs). Sixty-six percent (n = 130) of hospitalizations were related to cancer symptoms, whereas 19.3% (n = 38) were treatment-related AE hospitalizations. The median length of stay of hospitalizations that resulted from an AE was 6 days (interquartile range, 3 to 9 days), and 36.8% had more than 1 AE. GI symptoms accounted for 48.1% of AEs, and neutropenic fever accounted for 11.1%. Sixty-one percent of treatment-related AE hospitalizations were characterized as moderate severity. CONCLUSION: Hospitalizations in patients with solid tumors as a direct result of their medical oncology care treatment are not uncommon. These findings argue for novel approaches, such as automated trigger tools, to identify and manage complications of medical oncology treatment before hospitalization is needed. Improved outpatient management of cancer symptoms may have a dramatic impact on hospitalizations for patients with cancer.

287 Safety and antitumor activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor KHK2455 in combination with anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A313-A314
Author(s):  
Solmaz Sahebjam ◽  
Jameel Muzaffar ◽  
Timothy Yap ◽  
David Hong ◽  
Olivier Rixe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Advanced Solid Tumors ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Dose Dependent

BackgroundIDO-1 inhibitors have shown antitumor activity in combination with immunotherapeutic agents in multiple cancers. KHK2455 is a novel and selective oral IDO-1 inhibitor. KHK2455 inhibits IDO-1 apo-enzyme, with long-lasting and potent activity. Mogamulizumab is an anti-C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody that has shown synergy with KHK2455 in preclinical models. Mogamulizumab is approved in the US and EU for treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.MethodsIn this first-in-human study, patients with advanced solid tumors received escalating oral doses of KHK2455 alone (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg once daily) for 4 weeks (Cycle 0), followed by combination with 1 mg/kg weekly of IV mogamulizumab for 4 weeks (Cycle 1), and then on Days 1 and 15 (from Cycle 2 onward) in a standard 3+3 Phase I design. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and IDO activity (kynurenine [Kyn] and tryptophan [Trp] levels and ex vivo Kyn production) were evaluated.ResultsThirty-six patients were enrolled across all cohorts. One patient with lower esophageal cancer in the 100 mg cohort exhibited dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 gastrointestinal necrosis). The most frequent (≥10%) treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are presented in table 1. Overall numbers of TEAEs, ≥Grade 3 TEAEs, and serious TEAEs related to KHK2455 and mogamulizumab are presented in table 2. Serious KHK2455-related TEAEs included gastrointestinal necrosis (KHK2455 monotherapy), and nausea and drug eruption (combination therapy). In addition, five drug-related TEAEs in combination therapy led to discontinuation; there were no fatal outcomes related to either study drug. Plasma KHK2455 concentrations reached steady state by Day 8 (Cycle 0) and increased dose-dependently. Potent dose-dependent inhibition of IDO activity was demonstrated by plasma Kyn concentration and Kyn/Trp ratio (median inhibition 70.5% and 70.8%, respectively, at 100 mg dose on Day 15, compared to baseline) and ex vivo Kyn production (>95% inhibition at ≥10 mg KHK2455), confirming target modulation. Six of 26 evaluable patients from all dosing groups achieved durable disease stabilization (≥6 months, RECIST 1.1), and one patient with bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma demonstrated confirmed partial response (43.5% tumor reduction over a 2-year observation period). Median overall survival was 13.4 months, with 30% of subjects surviving for 2 years or longer (figure 1).Abstract 287 Table 1Study 2455-001: Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (≥10% by Preferred Term)Abstract 287 Table 2Abstract 287 Figure 1Study 2455-001: Overall SurvivalConclusionsKHK2455 in combination with mogamulizumab was well-tolerated and manageable at all doses tested, suppressed Kyn production in a dose-dependent and sustained manner, and demonstrated signals of antitumor activity. These data support the continued development of this combination.AcknowledgementsMedical writing assistance was provided by Susan E. Johnson, PhD, S.E. Johnson Consulting, LLC, New Hope, PA, USA.Trial RegistrationNCT02867007 (www.clinicaltrials.gov)Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by Ethics Committees at all participating study institutions.

scholarly journals Stereotactic radiosurgery for treating meningiomas eligible for complete resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian I. Ruge ◽  
Juman Tutunji ◽  
Daniel Rueß ◽  
Eren Celik ◽  
Christian Baues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Local Tumor Control ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Treatment Volume

Abstract Background For meningiomas, complete resection is recommended as first-line treatment while stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is established for meningiomas of smaller size considered inoperable. If the patient´s medical condition or preference excludes surgery, SRS remains a treatment option. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of SRS in a cohort comprising these cases. Methods In this retrospective single-centre analysis we included patients receiving single fraction SRS either by modified LINAC or robotic guidance by Cyberknife for potentially resectable intracranial meningiomas. Treatment-related adverse events as well as local and regional control rates were determined from follow-up imaging and estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results We analyzed 188 patients with 218 meningiomas. The median radiological, and clinical follow-up periods were 51.4 (6.2–289.6) and 55.8 (6.2–300.9) months. The median tumor volume was 4.2 ml (0.1–22), and the mean marginal radiation dose was 13.0 ± 3.1 Gy, with reference to the 80.0 ± 11.2% isodose level. Local recurrence was observed in one case (0.5%) after 239 months. The estimated 2-, 5-, 10- and 15-year regional recurrence rates were 1.5%, 3.0%, 6.6% and 6.6%, respectively. Early adverse events (≤ 6 months after SRS) occurred in 11.2% (CTCEA grade 1–2) and resolved during follow-up in 7.4% of patients, while late adverse events were documented in 14.4% (grade 1–2; one case grade 3). Adverse effects (early and late) were associated with the presence of symptoms or neurological deficits prior to SRS (p < 0.03) and correlated with the treatment volume (p < 0.02). Conclusion In this analysis SRS appears to be an effective treatment for patients with meningiomas eligible for complete resection and provides reliable long-term local tumor control with low rates of mild morbidity.

Trial in progress: A phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose-exploration and dose-expansion study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of AMG650 in subjects with advanced solid tumors.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS5600-TPS5600
Author(s):  
Ramaswamy Govindan ◽  
Amanda Rose Townsend ◽  
Kathy D. Miller ◽  
Inderjit Mehmi ◽  
Yasutoshi Kuboki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer

TPS5600 Background: KIF18A is a mitotic kinesin motor protein that regulates chromosome positioning during cell division and is overexpressed in a subset of human cancers. TP53 mutant unstable aneuploid cancer cells with chromosomal instability (CIN) features are dependent on KIF18A motor activity to prevent lethal multipolar cell division. Preclinical data demonstrate that treatment with AMG 650; an oral, first in class, selective small molecule inhibitor of KIF18A may be safe and tolerable. We are conducting a first-in-human phase 1 study with AMG 650 in adult subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors with TP53MUT, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) or serous like endometrial cancers and other solid tumors. Methods: In this phase 1, multicentric, dose escalation and dose expansion study we evaluate the safety and tolerability of AMG 650 monotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors (NCT04293094). The main objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) based on emerging safety, efficacy, and pharmacodynamics (PD) data prior to reaching the MTD. Key inclusion criteria include the presence of measurable disease and diagnosis of advanced/metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), serous-like endometrial cancer or other solid tumors with documented TP53 mutations. In the dose expansion phase, participants with locally advanced or metastatic TNBC or HGSOC will be treated with the preliminary RP2D identified from the dose exploration part of the study. Primary endpoints include the incidence of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs),Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Treatment-related Adverse Events and the evaluation of the number of participants who experience a clinically significant change from baseline in vital signs, electrocardiogram and laboratory tests parameters. Secondary endpoints include Objective Response Rate, Duration of Response, Progression-free Survival, Clinical Benefit Rate, Time to Response, Time to Progression, Overall Survival (OS), Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of AMG 650, Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of AMG 650 as well as Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval for AMG 650. Continuous monitoring of toxicity is conducted. The study began enrolling pts in March 2020 and is ongoing. For more information, please contact Amgen Medical Information: [email protected] Clinical trial information: NCT04293094.

The efficacy and safety of anlotinib in refractory/recurrent/advanced pediatric solid tumors: A retrospective study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11556-11556
Author(s):  
Suying Lu ◽  
Ye Hong ◽  
Huimou Chen ◽  
Liuhong Wu ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Pediatric Solid Tumors ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome ◽  
Grade 3

11556 Background: Refractory and recurrent advanced pediatric solid tumors are short of effective treatment and with a dismal outcome, thus an urgent need for novel and effective treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib, a novel and oral multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in refractory or recurrent advanced pediatric solid tumors. Methods: The retrospective, single-institutional, observed study was conducted in Sun Yat-sen University cancer center in China. Refractory, recurrent, or advanced pediatric solid tumors patients treated with anlotinib between 2018 to 2020 were evaluated. Results: Forty-one patients and thirty patients were enrolled in the study to evaluated efficacy and safety, respectively. The objective response ratio (ORR) was 12.2% (95%CI 1.7-22.7): complete response (n = 0) and partial response (n = 5) (Table). The disease control rate (DCR) was 65.9% (95%CI 50.7-81). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.87 months (95%CI 0.86-4.88). According to anlotinib treatment schedule, all patients were divided into three groups: anlotinib monotherapy (A, n = 16), anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (A + ICI, n = 6), anlotinib combined with salvage chemotherapy (A + SC, n = 19). The ORR, DCR and median PFS for three groups were 6.3% (95%CI 7.1-19.6), 56.3% (95%CI 28.9-83.6), 2.43months, 16.7% (95%CI 26.2-59.5), 66.7% (95%CI 12.5-120.9), 1.13months, 15.8% (95%CI 2.3-33.8), 73.7% (95%CI 51.9-95.5), 2.87months, respectively. There was no significantly difference between three groups in aforementioned response index. The incidence rates of any grade and grade 3-4 adverse events were 80% and 20%, respectively. Bleeding (20%), hand-foot syndrome (13.3%), and diarrhea (13.3%) were the most common adverse events. Grade 3-4 adverse events include hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. There was no adverse events-related death. Conclusions: For heavily pretreated pediatric solid tumors, anlotinib may be an effective treatment with tolerable adverse events. Further prospective randomized controlled clinical study is warranted.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals 478 COM701 in combination with BMS-986207 (anti-TIGIT antibody) and nivolumab – preliminary results of safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT04570839)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A508-A508
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Dumbrava ◽  
Manish Sharma ◽  
Gini Fleming ◽  
Kyriakos Papadopoulos ◽  
Ryan Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
List Type ◽  
Advanced Solid Tumors ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Favorable Safety

BackgroundCOM701, a novel first-in-class immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) binds to poliovirus receptor related immunoglobulin domain containing (PVRIG) leading to enhanced activation of T and NK-cells. COM701 in combination with nivolumab has a favorable safety profile, is well tolerated and demonstrates antitumor activity.1 We hypothesized that the addition of BMS-986207 as a triplet thereby inhibiting the DNAM axis will have an acceptable safety/tolerability profile. We present preliminary results on safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters.MethodsUsing an accelerated titration and 3+3 study design we enrolled 14 patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Doses of COM701 were 0.3, 1, 3, 10 or 20 [mg/kg IV Q4 wks]; in combination with nivolumab and BMS-986207 (both 480 mg IV Q4 wks). Key objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability, to determine the recommended dose for expansion (RDFE) and to characterize preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters. Key inclusion criteria: Age ≥ 18 yrs, histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancy and has exhausted all available standard treatments. Key exclusion criteria: history of immune-related toxicities on prior immunotherapy treatment leading to discontinuation.ResultsIn the safety population [N=14], 12 pts reported treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The most frequent TEAES [≥3 pts] were fatigue 5 pts (36%), pyrexia 3 pts (21%), vomiting 3 pts (21%). No DLTs were reported in any of the dose levels. The most frequent tumor types enrolled: CRC (n=3), and prostate, melanoma and OVCA/primary peritoneal cancer (n=2 each). Median number of prior therapies was 10 (range 1–19). Four pts had received prior immunotherapy. Serious adverse events [≥2 pts] were 2 pts (14%) with G3 abdominal pain, 2 pts (14%) with vomiting (1pt with G1/2 vomiting, 1 pt with G3 vomiting) all assessed by the investigator as unrelated to study drug. Preliminary PK profiles of COM701 were generally dose proportional.ConclusionsCOM701 in combination with BMS-986207 and nivolumab demonstrates a favorable safety, tolerability and PK profiles. COM701 20 mg/kg has been selected as the RDFE in combination with BMS-986207 and nivolumab (both 480 mg) all administered IV Q4 wks. The expansion cohorts are enrolling pts with platinum resistant ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Data cutoff 28 Jun 2021.AcknowledgementsThis study is in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb.Trial RegistrationNCT04570839ReferencesVaena, DA, Fleming GF et al. COM701 with or without nivolumab: Results of an ongoing phase 1 study of safety, tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid malignancies (NCT03667716). J Clin Oncol 2021;39: (suppl 15; abstr 2504).Ethics ApprovalThe study obtained ethics approval form all the participating sites. All study participants gave informed consent before taking part.- 0002: START2020.15- 0003: 20210109- 0005: IRB20-1549- 0006: 21-060- 0007: IRB-AAAT4904- 0012: 2020-0755- 0013: STMW2020.16- 0015: 20210109

A phase IIb, open-label, single-arm study of zanidatamab (ZW25) monotherapy in subjects with advanced or metastatic HER2-amplified biliary tract cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS352-TPS352
Author(s):  
Shubham Pant ◽  
Michel Ducreux ◽  
James J. Harding ◽  
Milind M. Javle ◽  
Do-Youn Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Receptor Internalization ◽  
Her2 Amplification ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Biliary Tract Cancers ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

TPS352 Background: Advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC), have a poor prognosis. Zanidatamab (ZW25) is a novel bispecific antibody that targets HER2 domains ECD2 and ECD4, resulting in increased antibody binding density and improved receptor internalization and downregulation relative to trastuzumab. In an ongoing phase I trial (ZWI-ZW25-101; NCT02892123), single-agent zanidatamab was well tolerated and showed promising anti-tumor activity across HER2-expressing solid tumors, including BTCs. These results formed the basis for a phase IIb study of zanidatamab in patients with BTC. Methods: Study ZWI-ZW25-203 (NCT04466891) is a global, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase IIb trial designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of zanidatamab monotherapy in patients with HER2-amplified, inoperable and advanced or metastatic BTCs, including GBC and CC. Patients must have received at least 1 prior gemcitabine-containing systemic chemotherapy regimen for advanced disease and have experienced disease progression after (or developed intolerance to) their most recent prior therapy. New or archival tumor tissue is required from all patients for HER2 amplification and protein expression testing at a central lab using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Approximately 100 patients with HER2 amplification by ISH will be enrolled. Zanidatamab 20 mg/kg will be administered intravenously every 2 weeks until one of the treatment discontinuation criteria is met. The primary endpoint of the study is the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) by independent central review per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints include duration of response (DOR), proportion of patients with DOR ≥ 16 weeks, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, quality of life, and disease-related pain. The safety and tolerability of zanidatamab will be assessed by recording the frequency and severity of adverse events, serious adverse events, and laboratory abnormalities, as well as the frequency of zanidatamab dose modifications. The study is currently open for enrollment. Clinical trial information: NCT04466891.

Moderate Adverse Events

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Corrie E. Chumpitazi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Patient Harm ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Physiologic Change ◽  
Significant Harm ◽  
And Training

The incidence of sedation-related adverse events depends on (1) the medications used; (2) the type, duration, invasiveness, and location of the procedure; and (3) patient factors (e.g., age, medical condition, psychological factors). For the purposes of this chapter, moderate adverse sedation-related events represent physiologic change that is extremely likely to lead to significant patient harm if unnoticed or responded to ineffectively by the sedationist. Apnea, airway obstruction, and laryngospasm are examples. The relative likelihood of events of this type (1 of every 400 sedation episodes) provides significant impetus for effective preparation and training so that sedationists can effectively respond to these adverse events or preempt them. Even though they are categorized as “moderate” and may not be associated with harm in and of themselves, these events may certainly progress to produce significant harm.

Transitions of Care—Disposition Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
Kimberly Kopecky ◽  
Pringl Miller
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Care Transitions ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Transition Of Care ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Hospital Readmission Rates ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Policy Priority

Care transitions are a hot topic in healthcare delivery, research, and policy today because national patient quality and safety data have identified transition of care as a critical time during a patient’s care continuum when both quality and safety are potentially compromised. Poorly executed transitions of care are associated with preventable adverse events and hospital readmissions that are burdensome to patients and their caregivers, correlating to suboptimal outcomes and exorbitant costs. Therefore, reducing both adverse events during a care transition and hospital readmission rates is a matter of clinical and policy priority. High-risk surgical patients are particularly vulnerable to preventable adverse events and readmissions during care transitions because of the complexity of their care needs. To address this problem, governmental and other healthcare organizations are allocating resources and investing in research initiatives to improve, refine, and standardize the transition-of-care process in order to optimize quality of care throughout a patient’s care continuum.

scholarly journals Alcohol-free EUS-guided chemoablation of multiple pancreatic insulinomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. E186-E188
Author(s):  
Daniel Gaballa ◽  
Catherine Abendroth ◽  
Matthew Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Pancreatic Cysts ◽  
Ablation Process ◽  
Local Tissue ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Recurrent Hypoglycemia

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided chemoablation with ethanol lavage, followed by infusion with paclitaxel, has been found to be effective for treatment of mucinous pancreatic cysts. However, there are notable adverse events (AEs) associated with ethanol and its undesirable inflammatory effects on local tissue and vessels. The recent ChARM trial demonstrated that removing ethanol from the cyst ablation process resulted in equivalent efficacy while significantly reducing associated AEs. Encouraged by these results, we speculated that alcohol-free chemoablation can be applied to treatment of solid tumors, as described in our case with a patient with severe and symptomatic recurrent hypoglycemia in the setting of multifocal insulinomas. As a result, the patient saw a significant reduction in symptoms. EUS-guided alcohol-free chemoablation may represent a new alternative to previously established therapies that will ultimately reduce risk of AEs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document