Growth and Development Stages

Maize Crop ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
A. Solaimalai ◽  
P. Anantharaju ◽  
S. Irulandi ◽  
M. Theradimani
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Development Stages

Biology and development of galls induced by Lopesia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on leaves of Mimosa gemmulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽  
Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Juliana Santos Silva ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutritive Tissue ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Late Growth

Analyses of gall biology and development allow determination of morphogenesis events in host-plant organs that are altered by galling insects. Currently, we assume that there is a correlation between Lopesia sp. instars and the alterations in gall tissues on Mimosa gemmulata that generate the gall shape. The development of Lopesia sp. (three larval instars, pupae and adult) correlates positively with gall growth, especially on the anticlinal axis. First-instar larvae are found in galls at the stage of induction, Instar 2 in galls at early growth and development, Instar 3 in galls at late growth and development, pupae in galls at maturation, and the adult emerges from senescent galls. At induction, the larva stimulates cell differentiation in pinnula and pinna-rachis tissues on M. gemmulata. At early growth and development stages, cell division and expansion are increased, and non-glandular trichomes assist gall closing. Homogenous parenchyma and neoformed vascular bundles characterise late growth and development. At maturation, tissues are compartmentalised and cells achieve major expansion through elongation. At senescence, galls open by the falling of trichomes, and mechanical and nutritive cells have thickened walls. The neoformed nutritive tissue nurtures the developing Lopesia sp., whose feeding behaviour influences the direction of cell elongation, predominantly periclinal, determinant for gall bivalve shape.

Response of Rice Ecological Indicators to Water Consumption Based on Multi-source Data in Irrigation District Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junming Yang ◽  
Yunjun Yao ◽  
Ke Shang ◽  
Xiaozheng Guo ◽  
Xiangyi Bei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The study of law of crop water consumption in small scale such as irrigation area requires remote sensing image data with high spatial and temporal resolution, however, remote sensing images that possess both high temporal and spatial resolution cannot be obtained for technical reasons. To solve the problem, this paper present a multisource remote sensing data spatial and temporal reflectance fusion method based on fuzzy C clustering model (FCMSTRFM) and multisource Vegetation index (VI) data spatial and temporal fusion model (VISTFM), the Landsat8 OLI and MOD09GA data are combined to generate high spatial and temporal resolution reflectance data and the landsat8 OLI, MOD09GA and MOD13Q1 data are combined to generate high spatial and temporal resolution normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data.</p><p>The rice area is mapped by spectral correlation similarity (SCS) between standard series EVI curve that based the EVI generated by VISTFM and average value of each EVI class that generated by classing Multiphase EVI into several class, the extraction results are verified by two methods: ground sample and Google Earth image. high spatial and temporal resolution Leaf area index (LAI) that covered the mainly rice growth and development stages is generated by higher precision method between artificial neural network and equation fitting that establish the relationship between NDVI, EVI and LAI. The yield of rice in the spatial scale is generated by establishing the relationship between yield and LAI of the mainly growth and development stages that has the maximum correlation with yield. Daily high spatial resolution evapotranspiration is generated by using multisource remote sensing data spatial and temporal reflectance fusion method to fusion the MODIS-like scale and Landsat-like scale evapotranspiration that generated by The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). Based on the data, the evapotranspiration, LAI and yield of rice, obtained by remote sensing methods, rice water growth function is established by Jensen, Blank, Stewart and Singh model.</p>

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Different Development Stages of Amylostereum areolatum

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Fu ◽  
Jiaxing Li ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Shixiang Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
The Stability

A strict relationship exists between the Sirex noctilio and the Amylostereum areolatum, which is carried and spread by its partner. The growth and development of this symbiotic fungus is key to complete the life history of the Sirex woodwasp. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used to measure gene expression in samples of A. areolatum at different growth stages and explore the key genes and pathways involved in the growth and development of this symbiotic fungus. To obtain accurate RT-qPCR data, target genes need to be normalized by reference genes that are stably expressed under specific experimental conditions. In our study, the stability of 10 candidate reference genes in symbiotic fungal samples at different growth and development stages was evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, delta Ct methods, and RefFinder. Meanwhile, laccase1 was used to validate the stability of the selected reference gene. Under the experimental conditions of this study, p450, CYP, and γ-TUB were identified as suitable reference genes. This work is the first to systematically evaluate the reference genes for RT-qPCR results normalization during the growth of this symbiotic fungus, which lays a foundation for further gene expression experiments and understanding the symbiotic relationship and mechanism between S. noctilio and A. areolatum.

scholarly journals Influence of methods of isolation of grafted grape cuttings on biological regularities of growth and development at open stratification

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Иосифович Иванченко ◽  
Олег Григорьевич Замета ◽  
Антон Юрьевич Зотиков
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Polythene Film ◽  
Active Opening ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

В статье дается сравнительный анализ влияния различных способов защиты места соединения подвоя с привоем от подсыхания на прохождение этапов развития привитых черенков винограда во время стратификации. Установлено содержание влаги в привое, подвое и каллюсной ткани при открытом способе стратификации привитых черенков «на воде». Выявлены общие закономерности изменения содержания влаги в привойной части на разных этапах стратификации. Полная изоляция места соединения подвоя с привоем воском RebwachsPROи белой полиэтиленовой пленкой обеспечивает более высокий выход первосортных привитых черенков в сравнении с частичной изоляцией только места соединения подвоя с привоем пленкой. Установлено, что способ изоляции влияет на развитие привитых черенков во время стратификации. Применение воска RebwachsPRO способствует активному распусканию глазка на привое и росту побегов, а применение белой полиэтиленовой пленки, наоборот, сдерживает эти процессы. The article gives a comparative analysis of the influence of various methods of protection of the junction of rootstock and scion from drying on the development stages of grafts during stratification. The moisture content in the rootstock, in grafted cutting and in the callus tissue with open method of stratification of grafts “on the water” was identified. General patterns of changes in moisture content in the scion area at different stages of stratification were revealed. Isolation of junction with RebwachsPRO® wax and white plastic polythene film provided higher output of first-class grafts compared to the partial isolating with the film of the inoculation junction only. It was found that the isolation method effects the development of grafted cuttings during stratification. The use of RebwachsPRO® wax promoted the active opening of eyes on the scion and growth of shoots, while the use of a white polythene film, on the contrary, restrained these processes.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Development Stages of Rice under Rice – Wheat Ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2032-2042
Author(s):  
Shobhit Singh ◽  
J.S. Bohra ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Shiv Shanker Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Development Stages

scholarly journals Effect of different temperature and humidity on Bemisia tabaci

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunxiao Liu ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Vlasenko V.a.
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Humidity Range

AbstractBemisia tabaci has many biotypes, and has become one of the main pests on vegetables, flowers, cotton and other crops, seriously influencing the safe production of crops.Temperature has a great influence on the survival, development, reproduction and behavior of Bemisia tabaci, which can affect the change of body temperature and metabolism of B. tabaci. It needs certain water to maintain normal life activities, such as digestion, nutrition transportation, and temperature regulation. There is a suitable humidity range for the growth and development of B. tabaci in different development stages. High humidity or drought have a great impact on the growth and development of B. tabaci, especially on its survival or reproduction. At the same time, the environmental temperature and humidity are the important factors that influence the geographical distribution and population change of B. tabaci.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF INHIBITION OF ONION SEEDS BY VARIOUS VEGETABLE PARTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Mirzaosimjon Mirzasoyipovich Mirzasoliev ◽  
Shukhrat Ismatovich Asatov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article provides information on the importance of onion and the volume of its production in the leading countries of the world. It also describes the timing of cultivation in dry hot climates of the Republic, how one-third of its leaves and roots are affected by its viability, duration, growth and development stages, productivity and yield quality. At the same time there is a scientific basis for reducing the number of crop failures and increasing the yield by 4.2 t/ha. KEYWORDS: Onions, varieties, seeds, plants, seedlings, planting scheme, harvesting, breeding.

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