Physical Plant Equipment Fundamentals

SEISMIC RISK AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES: CASE STUDY ON A BLACK CARBON PLANT

10.31219/osf.io/5aswh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

George Karagiannakis

Keyword(s):

Seismic Risk ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Fragility Curves ◽

Human Life ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Plant Equipment

This paper deals with state of the art risk and resilience calculations for industrial plants. Resilience is a top priority issue on the agenda of societies due to climate change and the all-time demand for human life safety and financial robustness. Industrial plants are highly complex systems containing a considerable number of equipment such as steel storage tanks, pipe rack-piping systems, and other installations. Loss Of Containment (LOC) scenarios triggered by past earthquakes due to failure on critical components were followed by severe repercussions on the community, long recovery times and great economic losses. Hence, facility planners and emergency managers should be aware of possible seismic damages and should have already established recovery plans to maximize the resilience and minimize the losses. Seismic risk assessment is the first step of resilience calculations, as it establishes possible damage scenarios. In order to have an accurate risk analysis, the plant equipment vulnerability must be assessed; this is made feasible either from fragility databases in the literature that refer to customized equipment or through numerical calculations. Two different approaches to fragility assessment will be discussed in this paper: (i) code-based Fragility Curves (FCs); and (ii) fragility curves based on numerical models. A carbon black process plant is used as a case study in order to display the influence of various fragility curve realizations taking their effects on risk and resilience calculations into account. Additionally, a new way of representing the total resilience of industrial installations is proposed. More precisely, all possible scenarios will be endowed with their weighted recovery curves (according to their probability of occurrence) and summed together. The result is a concise graph that can help stakeholders to identify critical plant equipment and make decisions on seismic mitigation strategies for plant safety and efficiency. Finally, possible mitigation strategies, like structural health monitoring and metamaterial-based seismic shields are addressed, in order to show how future developments may enhance plant resilience. The work presented hereafter represents a highly condensed application of the research done during the XP-RESILIENCE project, while more detailed information is available on the project website https://r.unitn.it/en/dicam/xp-resilience.

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NICROFER 6023

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0314 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Iron Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Chemical Equipment ◽

Good Resistance ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Power Plant Equipment ◽

Resistance To Oxidation ◽

Plant Equipment

Abstract NICROFER 6023 is a nickel-chromium-iron alloy containing small quantities of aluminum. It has excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, good resistance in oxidizing sulfur-bearing atmospheres and good resistance to carburizing conditions. The alloy has good mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures. Its applications include heat treating furnace equipment, chemical equipment in various industries, and power plant equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-314. Producer or source: Vereingte Deutsche Metallwerke AG.

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ALUMINUM 513.0

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.al0265 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Casting Alloy ◽

Permanent Mold ◽

Food Handling ◽

Mold Casting ◽

Plant Equipment ◽

Strength And Ductility

Abstract ALUMINUM 513.0 is an aluminum-magnesium-zinc permanent-mold casting alloy. It cannot be hardened nor strengthened by any thermal treatment and is characterized by moderate strength and ductility. It is recommended for such applications as chemical-plant equipment, food handling and marine hardware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-265. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

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FIRTH VICKERS F.I. (A1)

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ss0236 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

High Temperature ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Plant Equipment ◽

Corrosion Resistant Alloy

Abstract FIRTH VICKERS FI (A1) is a chromium type heat and corrosion resistant alloy steel recommended for oil refining and chemical plant equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-236. Producer or source: Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd.

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EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 310S

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ss0450 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Steel Company ◽

Plant Equipment ◽

The Many ◽

Corrosion And Oxidation ◽

Refining Equipment

Abstract EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 310S has high resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. It also has high strength at elevated temperatures. Thus it is especially suitable for service at high temperatures. It is very ductile and can be welded readily. Among the many applications for Type 310S, a few typical uses include annealing boxes, chemical plant equipment, fire box sheets, furnace linings, heat exchangers, oil-refining equipment, kiln linings and tube hangers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-450. Producer or source: Eastern Stainless Steel Company.

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A Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant: The Facilities of the Zvsmm at Schwabach as an Example

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0416 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norbert Amsoneit

Keyword(s):

Hazardous Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Waste Incinerator ◽

Physical Plant ◽

Treatment Centre ◽

Hazardous Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Treatment Plant ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Inorganic Waste

As a rule, hazardous waste needs a pre-treatment, either a thermal or a chemical-physical one, before it can be disposed of at a landfill. The concentration of different kinds of treatment facilities at a Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant is advantageous. The facility of the ZVSMM at Schwabach is presented as an outstanding example of this kind of Treatment Centre. The infrastructure, the chemical-physical plant with separate lines for the treatment of organic and inorganic waste and the hazardous waste incinerator are described. Their functions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is laid on handling the residues produced by the different treatment processes and the final disposal.

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